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Biomarkers in the Clinical Diagnostic of Central Nervous System Diseases
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Biomarkers in the Clinical Diagnostic of Central Nervous System Diseases

A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Clinical Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 10323

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lilla Bonanno

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Guest Editor
IRCCS Centro Neurolesi Bonino Pulejo, 98124 Messina, Italy
Interests: neurodegenerative diseases; amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; multiple sclerosis; Parkinson's disease; Alzheimer's disease; Huntington's disease; multiple system atrophy; prion diseases; stroke
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tools for the diagnosis of neurological disease used in current clinical practice, such as cognitive psychometric tests, clinical scores and morphological/structural examinations of the brain, do not always unequivocally discriminate early-stage pathological scenarios from normal aging and do not have the same accuracy as the analysis of hierarchically more complex aspects such as acquired brain connectivity by neuroimaging techniques.

The identification of sensitive instrumental markers for neurological disease is a goal of the greatest importance.

This Special Issue is a timely collection of papers that review and propose new techniques to detect and predict neurological disease (mild cognitive impairment (MCI), Alzheimer disease (AD), disorders of consciousness (DOCs)) and to evaluate the efficacy of therapies. We aim to discuss the key options for neurological diseases and state-of-the-art treatment. Moreover, there is still the urgent need to find measures to prevent neurons from injury or degeneration, and ideally to keep neuronal and glial damage under the threshold of symptom manifestation.

We will further discuss the most promising and intriguing future treatment options with a focus on methodology and neurorehabilitation strategies.

Dr. Lilla Bonanno
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Clinical Medicine is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • neurological diseases
  • neurorehabilitation
  • mathematical modeling
  • EEG-HD
  • fMRI
  • NIRS
  • VBM
  • algorithm

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1816 KiB  
Article
Potential Utility of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glycoprotein Nonmetastatic Melanoma Protein B as a Neuroinflammatory Diagnostic Biomarker in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer’s Disease
by Julia Doroszkiewicz, Agnieszka Kulczyńska-Przybik, Maciej Dulewicz, Renata Borawska, Monika Zajkowska, Agnieszka Słowik and Barbara Mroczko
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(14), 4689; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12144689 - 14 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1894
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and extracellular amyloid-peptide buildup. There is compelling evidence that the disease process depends on neuroinflammatory alterations, such as the activation of astrocytes and microglia cells. A transmembrane [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a very common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the gradual loss of neurons and extracellular amyloid-peptide buildup. There is compelling evidence that the disease process depends on neuroinflammatory alterations, such as the activation of astrocytes and microglia cells. A transmembrane glycoprotein known as glycoprotein nonmetastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB) plays a neuroprotective role during the development of neurodegeneration. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first investigation discussing the potential clinical usefulness of this protein in the AD continuum, especially in the MCI (mild cognitive impairment) stage. A total of 71 patients with AD or MCI as well as controls were enrolled in this study. The concentrations of GPNMB, YKL-40, Aβ1-42 (amyloid beta 1-42), Tau, and pTau and the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio in the CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) were tested using immunological methods. The concentrations of both GPNMB and YKL-40 in the cerebrospinal fluid were significantly higher in patients with AD and MCI compared to the controls. Moreover, both proteins were biochemically associated with classical biomarkers of AD and were especially associated with the Aβ1-42/1-40 ratio and Tau and pTau levels in the whole study group. Elevated concentrations of GPNMB were observed in the Aβ(+) group of AD patients compared to the Aβ(−) subjects. Additionally, the diagnostic performance (AUC value) of GPNMB was higher than that of amyloid β1-42 in MCI patients compared with controls. Our study indicates that GPNMB might be a promising neuroinflammatory biomarker for the early diagnosis and prognosis of the AD continuum, with potential utility as a therapeutic target. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Clinical Diagnostic of Central Nervous System Diseases)
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13 pages, 2918 KiB  
Article
Identification of Functional Cortical Plasticity in Children with Cerebral Palsy Associated to Robotic-Assisted Gait Training: An fNIRS Study
by David Perpetuini, Emanuele Francesco Russo, Daniela Cardone, Roberta Palmieri, Chiara Filippini, Michele Tritto, Federica Pellicano, Grazia Pia De Santis, Rocco Salvatore Calabrò, Arcangelo Merla and Serena Filoni
J. Clin. Med. 2022, 11(22), 6790; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm11226790 - 16 Nov 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurologic condition that causes gait limitations, spasticity, and impaired balance and coordination. Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) has become a common rehabilitation tool employed to improve the gait pattern of people with neurological impairments. However, few studies have [...] Read more.
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a non-progressive neurologic condition that causes gait limitations, spasticity, and impaired balance and coordination. Robotic-assisted gait training (RAGT) has become a common rehabilitation tool employed to improve the gait pattern of people with neurological impairments. However, few studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of RAGT in children with CP and its neurological effects through portable neuroimaging techniques, such as functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The aim of the study is to evaluate the neurophysiological processes elicited by RAGT in children with CP through fNIRS, which was acquired during three sessions in one month. The repeated measure ANOVA was applied to the β-values delivered by the General Linear Model (GLM) analysis used for fNIRS data analysis, showing significant differences in the activation of both prefrontal cortex (F (1.652, 6.606) = 7.638; p = 0.022), and sensorimotor cortex (F (1.294, 5.175) = 11.92; p = 0.014) during the different RAGT sessions. In addition, a cross-validated Machine Learning (ML) framework was implemented to estimate the gross motor function measure (GMFM-88) from the GLM β-values, obtaining an estimation with a correlation coefficient r = 0.78. This approach can be used to tailor clinical treatment to each child, improving the effectiveness of rehabilitation for children with CP. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Clinical Diagnostic of Central Nervous System Diseases)
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Review

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20 pages, 957 KiB  
Review
The Impact of Microbiota on the Gut–Brain Axis: Examining the Complex Interplay and Implications
by Tuba Shahid Chaudhry, Sidhartha Gautam Senapati, Srikanth Gadam, Hari Priya Sri Sai Mannam, Hima Varsha Voruganti, Zainab Abbasi, Tushar Abhinav, Apurva Bhavana Challa, Namratha Pallipamu, Niharika Bheemisetty and Shivaram P. Arunachalam
J. Clin. Med. 2023, 12(16), 5231; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm12165231 - 11 Aug 2023
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4563
Abstract
The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it. We tried to understand the structure and function, to throw light on the functional aspect [...] Read more.
The association and interaction between the central nervous system (CNS) and enteric nervous system (ENS) is well established. Essentially ENS is the second brain, as we call it. We tried to understand the structure and function, to throw light on the functional aspect of neurons, and address various disease manifestations. We summarized how various neurological disorders influence the gut via the enteric nervous system and/or bring anatomical or physiological changes in the enteric nervous system or the gut and vice versa. It is known that stress has an effect on Gastrointestinal (GI) motility and causes mucosal erosions. In our literature review, we found that stress can also affect sensory perception in the central nervous system. Interestingly, we found that mutations in the neurohormone, serotonin (5-HT), would result in dysfunctional organ development and further affect mood and behavior. We focused on the developmental aspects of neurons and cognition and their relation to nutritional absorption via the gastrointestinal tract, the development of neurodegenerative disorders in relation to the alteration in gut microbiota, and contrariwise associations between CNS disorders and ENS. This paper further summarizes the synergetic relation between gastrointestinal and neuropsychological manifestations and emphasizes the need to include behavioral therapies in management plans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomarkers in the Clinical Diagnostic of Central Nervous System Diseases)
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