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A special issue of Journal of Clinical Medicine (ISSN 2077-0383). This special issue belongs to the section "Sports Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 October 2024) | Viewed by 8073

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Prof. Dr. Monèm Jemni

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Guest Editor

Carrick Institute of Neuroscience, Cap Canaveral, FL, USA
Interests: health and exercise science; exercise physiology; sports science

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obesity, although slightly overshadowed by the recent COVID-19 pandemic and its subsequent consequences, is still a major health condition that affects millions of adults and children around the world. The pandemic itself has exacerbated many clinical aspects and co-morbidities associated with obesity since people were confined to their homes for months in several countries. Although life is now back to normal, there is still a long way to go in order to achieve the World Health Organisation’s target for obesity and active lifestyles across all age groups.

Scientists are making progress in tackling obesity from different perspectives, including exercise, lifestyle management, diet, psychological and social support, and clinical treatment. This Special Issue aims to track progress within the latest research efforts in this context, with a particular emphasis on physical activity as a way to prevent, treat, and recover from obesity and overweight.

All reviews and articles related to the clinical treatment of obesity would be welcome.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Prof. Dr. Monèm Jemni
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

obesity
overweight
physical activity
exercise
nutrition

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Isokinetic Knee Strengthening Impact on Physical and Functional Performance, Pain Tolerance, and Quality of Life in Overweight/Obese Women with Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

by Nadhir Hammami, Eya Bouzouraa, Cengiz Ölmez, Soukaina Hattabi, Najla Mhimdi, Mehrzia Amani Khezami, Pedro Forte, Andrew Sortwell, Anissa Bouassida and Monèm Jemni

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(16), 4696; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13164696 - 10 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1210

Abstract

Background/Objectives: Patellofemoral syndrome is a common osteoarticular condition that affects many individuals. Various treatment options are available, with a significant emphasis on targeted muscle-strengthening exercises. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of isokinetic muscle strengthening on muscle strength, joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance in overweight/obese women with patellofemoral syndrome. Methods: Twenty-four overweight or obese women with patellofemoral syndrome participated in the study during September and October 2023 in a private medical facility for physical medicine and functional rehabilitation. They were randomly assigned to one of two groups for six weeks of isokinetic muscle strengthening. The first group (ISO.G) followed a rehabilitation program combined with isokinetic muscle strengthening. A second group (PCM.G) followed a rehabilitation program that includes an isokinetic protocol in passive compensation movement. The extensors’ peak torque was measured before and after training. Results: The flexors’ peak torque, stair climbing test, 10 m walk, chair lift, monopodal support, goniometric knee flexion test, heel–buttock distance measurement, pain, and quality of life scores improved significantly in both groups. The ISO.G, on the other hand, benefited from a significant increase in quadriceps muscle strength revealed by the extensors’ peak torque. Conclusions: For the treatment of patellofemoral syndrome, isokinetic muscle strengthening in concentric mode appears to have a significant advantage over the classic rehabilitation program with isokinetic passive compensation, particularly in muscle strength gain, in addition to the improvement of joint range of motion, quality of life, physical performance, and pain tolerance. Isokinetic training may be recommended as a beneficial approach for the rehabilitative treatment of patellofemoral pain syndrome in overweight/obese women. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Physical Exercises)

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14 pages, 1494 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences in Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Health-Related Physical Performance Indices and Academic Achievement: A Comparative Study of Normal-Weight and Obese Children in Qatar

by Souhail Hermassi, Sascha Ketelhut, Ferman Konukman, Mohammed Ali Ayari, Senaid Al-Marri, Nasser Al Rawahi, El Ghali Bouhafs, Claudio R. Nigg and René Schwesig

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(4), 1057; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13041057 - 13 Feb 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1787

Abstract

Background: The relationship between physical activity (PA), health-related physical performance (PP), and academic achievement (AA) plays an important role in childhood. This study examined the differences in PA, sedentary behavior, health-related PP, maturity status, and AA between normal-weight and obese school children in Qatar. Methods: Eighty schoolchildren were recruited (age: 12.1 ± 0.6 years). Based on age-specific BMI percentiles, the children were classified as normal weight (n = 40) or obese (n = 40). Moore’s equations were used to estimate their maturity status (PHV). The measurements encompassed anthropometric data as well as PP tests (medicine ball throw, postural stability, handgrip strength). AA was assessed by reviewing school records for grade point average in Mathematics, Science, and Arabic courses. The total amount of time spent participating in PA each week was calculated using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. Results: Handgrip strength was the only parameter that showed a relevant group difference (p < 0.001, η_p² = 0.15; normal weight: 19.7 ± 3.46 N; obese: 21.7 ± 2.80 N). We found only one moderate correlation between PHV and handgrip strength (r = 0.59). Conclusions: The findings suggest that obesity status alone might not serve as a sufficient predictor of AA in school or PA levels. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Physical Exercises)

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16 pages, 947 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Impact of Intermittent Hypoxic Training on Aerobic Capacity and Biometric-Structural Indicators among Obese Women—A Pilot Study

by Małgorzata Bagińska, Anna Kałuża, Łukasz Tota, Anna Piotrowska, Marcin Maciejczyk, Dariusz Mucha, Ibrahim Ouergui, Rafał Kubacki, Olga Czerwińska-Ledwig, Dorota Ambroży, Kazimierz Witkowski and Tomasz Pałka

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(2), 380; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13020380 - 10 Jan 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1881

Abstract

Background: Obesity, a common lifestyle-related condition, is correlated with factors like inadequate physical activity. Its connection to diverse health issues presents a significant challenge to healthcare. This pilot study investigated the effects of hypoxic training on aerobic capacity and biometric-structural indicators in obese women. The secondary objective was to determine the feasibility, effectiveness, and safety of the planned research procedures and their potential for larger-scale implementation. Material and methods: Forty-one non-trained women with first-degree obesity were randomly assigned to even normobaric hypoxic training (H + E), normoxic training (E), passive exposure to hypoxia (H), and a control group (C). Training sessions were conducted three times a week for four weeks (12 training sessions). Body composition parameters were assessed, metabolic thresholds were determined, and maximal oxygen consumption (VO₂max) was measured before and after interventions. Results: The results demonstrated that training in hypoxic conditions significantly affected somatic parameters, with the H + E group achieving the best outcomes in terms of weight reduction and improvements in body composition indicators (p < 0.001). Normoxic training also induced a positive impact on body weight and body composition, although the results were less significant compared to the H + E group (p < 0.001). Additionally, training in hypoxic conditions significantly improved the aerobic capacity among the participants (p < 0.001). The H + E group achieved the best results in enhancing respiratory endurance and oxygen consumption (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The results of this pilot study suggest, that hypoxic training can be effective for weight reduction and improving the aerobic capacity in obese women. Despite study limitations, these findings indicate that hypoxic training could be an innovative approach to address obesity and related conditions. Caution is advised in interpreting the results, considering both the strengths and limitations of the pilot study. Before proceeding to a larger-scale study, the main study should be expanded, including aspects such as dietary control, monitoring physical activity, and biochemical blood analysis. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obesity and Physical Exercises)

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10 pages, 257 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Relationship between Body Composition and Physical Activity Level in Students of Medical Faculties

by Aleksandra Jaremków, Iwona Markiewicz-Górka, Wojciech Hajdusianek, Karolina Czerwińska and Paweł Gać

J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(1), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13010050 - 21 Dec 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2027

Abstract

Maintaining an active lifestyle is crucial for good health. Markers of health risk include tissue components. This study aimed to indicate which body composition elements create the strongest correlations with physical activity performed in young students of medical faculties. The study group consisted of 75 students (33 men and 42 women) from Wroclaw Medical University. Each student underwent accelerometer and anthropometric measurements and body composition analysis. Both men and women had similar physical activity levels. The study found that the amount of vigorous physical activity correlated significantly with the basal metabolic rate (BMR), fat, water and muscle content, fat-free mass (FFM), bone mass, extracellular to intracellular water ratio (ECW/ICW), and phase angle (PA), with r~ ± (0.2–0.4). The amount of moderate physical activity correlated with body mass, body mass index (BMI), BMR, FFM, and bone mass, with r~0.3–0.5. There are dimorphic differences in the strength of correlations between physical activity and elements of body composition. A greater amount of moderate and vigorous physical activity is associated with greater FFM and bone mass in men, which causes BMI to increase as well (in this case, higher BMI is not a sign of being overweight). For women, the beneficial effect of higher amounts of vigorous physical activity on reducing fat content and increasing muscle mass is more pronounced. In both men and women, an improvement in hydration is evident with increased vigorous physical activity volume. Full article

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