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Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment
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Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment

A special issue of Journal of Functional Biomaterials (ISSN 2079-4983). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials and Devices for Healthcare Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2024 | Viewed by 24820

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angelo Michele Inchingolo

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Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francesco Inchingolo

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Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Biagio Rapone

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Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy
Interests: periodontology; oral implantology; tissue regeneration; bone regeneration; oral surgery; microbiota; microbiome; biomedicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Gianna Dipalma

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: stem cells regeneration tissue; dental disease; dental biomaterials; orthodontic diseases; orthodontic innovation; oral surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Alessio Danilo Inchingolo

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Guest Editor
Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: oral surgery; orthodontics; microbiota; oral health; COVID-19; prevention; diagnosis; endodontics; parodontology; implantology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Assunta Patano

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Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: orthodontics; pediatric dentistry; oral medicine; oropharyngeal neoplasms; hygiene; prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppina Malcangi

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Guest Editor
Department of Interdisciplinary Medicine, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70124 Bari, Italy
Interests: vaccines; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 pandemic; growth factors; microbiome; probiotics; orthodontics; implantology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is our utmost pleasure to invite you to submit manuscripts to one of the most current topics in dentistry: “Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment”.

The continuous development of dental materials enables dentists and dental technicians to choose from a wide variety. Recent advances enable the tailoring of dental materials to specific applications, resulting in progressive materials.

Dentistry probably represents one of the medical fields in which the study and the utilization of innovative biomaterials and operative protocols for tissue reconstruction is much more present.

Autogenous, homologous, heterologous and synthetic bone grafts, resorbable and non-resorbable membranes, meshes, matrices, fixation pins or screws and other surgical devices, as well as inducing biological mediators, have been proposed and efficiently used to promote the reconstruction of both hard and soft tissues.

The introduction of new aesthetic materials, digital devices, processing software and manufacturing and prototyping tools have radically transformed the dental profession.

The current aim of research on biomaterials is to promote and support a complete regeneration of the target tissue. In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies are absolutely mandatory to evaluate cellular and molecular interactions with biomaterials as well as their behavior in living organisms.

New technologies can help in reducing the invasiveness of clinical procedures.

This Special Issue aims to focus on the advances in this attractive field of research, encouraging a multidisciplinary approach to the subject.

It is our pleasure to invite you to submit your work to this Special Issue. Research papers, reviews and communications are welcome.

Dr. Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Prof. Dr. Francesco Inchingolo
Dr. Biagio Rapone
Dr. Gianna Dipalma
Dr. Alessio Danilo Inchingolo  
Dr. Assunta Patano
Dr. Giuseppina Malcangi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Biomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomaterials
  • tissue regeneration
  • reconstructive surgical procedures
  • tissue engineering
  • biomedical engineering
  • stem cell regeneration tissue
  • dental biomaterials
  • orthodontic diseases and innovation
  • oral surgery

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 31164 KiB  
Article
Innovative Bioactive Ca-SZ Coating on Titanium Dental Implants: A Multidimensional Structural and Elemental Analysis
by Alex Tchinda, Aurélien Didelot, Patrick Choquet, Augustin Lerebours, Richard Kouitat-Njiwa and Pierre Bravetti
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(6), 155; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15060155 - 5 Jun 2024
Viewed by 979
Abstract
The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel approach to improving dental implants. Although endosseous TA6V alloy dental implants are widely used in oral implantology, this [...] Read more.
The design of new, biomimetic biomaterials is of great strategic interest and is converging for many applications, including in implantology. This study explores a novel approach to improving dental implants. Although endosseous TA6V alloy dental implants are widely used in oral implantology, this material presents significant challenges, notably the prevalence of peri-implantitis. Therefore, in this study, we investigate a new advance in the design of hybrid medical devices. This involves the design of a Ca-SZ coating deposited by PVD on a TA6V substrate. This approach aims to overcome the inherent limitations of each of these materials, namely TA6V’s susceptibility to peri-implantitis on the one hand and zirconia’s excessively high Young’s modulus compared with bone on the other, while benefiting from their respective advantages, such as the ductility of TA6V and the excellent biocompatibility of zirconia, offering relevant prospects for the design of high-performance implantable medical devices. This study integrates characterisation techniques, focusing on the structural and elemental analysis of the Ca-SZ coating by XRD and TEM. The results suggest that this coating combines a tetragonal structure, a uniform morphology with no apparent defects, a clean interface highlighting good adhesion, and a homogeneous composition of calcium, predisposing it to optimal biocompatibility. All of these findings make this innovative coating a particularly suitable candidate for application in dental implantology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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28 pages, 61244 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Physiochemical and Biological Properties of Biofunctionalized Mg-Based Implants Obtained via Large-Scale PEO Process for Dentistry Applications
by Julia Radwan-Pragłowska, Łukasz Janus, Tomasz Galek, Ernest Szajna, Aleksandra Sierakowska, Karol Łysiak, Mirosław Tupaj and Dariusz Bogdał
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 338; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070338 - 27 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1338
Abstract
An increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant difficulty for scientists, since [...] Read more.
An increasing number of tooth replacement procedures ending with implant failure generates a great need for the delivery of novel biomedical solutions with appropriate mechanical characteristics that would mimic natural tissue and undergo biodegradation. This phenomenon constitutes a significant difficulty for scientists, since currently applied biomaterials dedicated for this purpose are based on stainless steel, Ti, and Ti and CoCr alloys. One of the most promising raw materials is magnesium, which has been proven to promote bone regeneration and accelerate the tissue healing process. Nevertheless, its high reactivity with body fluid components is associated with fast and difficult-to-control biocorrosion, which strongly limits the application of Mg implants as medical devices. The achievement of appropriate functionality, both physiochemical and biological, to enable the commercial use of Mg biomaterials is possible only after their superficial modification. Therefore, the obtainment of uniform, reproducible coatings increasing resistance to the aqueous environment of the human body combined with a nanostructured surface that enhances implant–cell behaviors is an extremely important issue. Herein, we present a successful strategy for the modification of Mg implants via the PEO process, resulting in the obtainment of biomaterials with lower corrosion rates and superior biological properties, such as the promotion of extracellular matrix formation and a positive impact on the proliferation of MG-63 cells. The implants were investigated regarding their chemical composition using the FT-IR and XRD methods, which revealed that MgO layer formation, as well as the incorporation of electrolyte components such as fluorine and silica, were responsible for the increased microhardness of the samples. An extensive study of the biomaterials’ morphology confirmed that successful surface modification led to a microporous structure suitable for the attachment and proliferation of cells. The three-layer nature of the newly-formed coatings, typical for PEO modification, was confirmed via cross-section analysis. A biocorrosion and biodegradation study proved that applied modification increased their resistance to body fluids. The cell culture study performed herein confirmed that the correct adjustment of modification parameters results in a lack of cytotoxicity of the magnesium implants, cell proliferation enhancement, and improvement in extracellular matrix formation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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12 pages, 2257 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Hemostatic Effect of an Innovative Tissue Adhesive during Extraction Therapy under Rivaroxaban in a Rodent Model
by Marius Heitzer, Philipp Winnand, Anna Bock, Mark Ooms, Marie Sophie Katz, Kristian Kniha, Oliver Grottke, Frank Hölzle and Ali Modabber
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(7), 333; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14070333 - 22 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1447
Abstract
An increase in rivaroxaban therapies is associated with increased numbers of postoperative bleeding despite the use of hemostatic sponges, which are currently the gold standard treatment. VIVO has shown promising hemostatic results, favorable tissue properties, and ease of application, although it has not [...] Read more.
An increase in rivaroxaban therapies is associated with increased numbers of postoperative bleeding despite the use of hemostatic sponges, which are currently the gold standard treatment. VIVO has shown promising hemostatic results, favorable tissue properties, and ease of application, although it has not yet been used in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the hemostatic properties of VIVO in the extraction sockets of 31 rodents and compare this to gelatin sponge (GSP) therapy. At rivaroxaban concentrations of 264.10 ± 250.10 ng/mL, 62 extraction sockets were generated, of which 31 were treated with VIVO and 31 with GSP. The duration time, early and late bleeding events, and wound healing score were determined. Histologic examinations of the tissues were performed after 5 days. VIVO presented a longer procedure, 1.26 ± 0.06 min, but a significantly shorter bleeding time, 0.14 ± 0.03 min. There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the severity and timing of bleeding. More minor early bleeding events were observed for GSP. VIVO showed a significantly better healing score, with favorable histological results. In an animal study, VIVO showed promising hemostatic properties after tooth extraction under ongoing anticoagulative therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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17 pages, 3419 KiB  
Article
The Clinical Potential of 3D-Printed Crowns Reinforced with Zirconia and Glass Silica Microfillers
by Abdullah Alshamrani, Abdulaziz Alhotan, Ahmed Owais and Ayman Ellakwa
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(5), 267; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14050267 - 11 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3369
Abstract
The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance [...] Read more.
The development of 3D-printed crown resin materials with improved mechanical and physical properties is an area of growing interest in dentistry. This study aimed to develop a 3D-printed crown resin material modified with zirconia glass (ZG) and glass silica (GS) microfillers to enhance overall mechanical and physical properties. A total of 125 specimens were created and divided into five groups: control unmodified resin, 5% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin, and 10% either ZG or GS reinforced 3D-printed resin. The fracture resistance, surface roughness, and translucency parameter were measured, and fractured crowns were studied under a scanning electron microscope. The results showed that 3D-printed parts that were strengthened with ZG and GS microfillers demonstrated comparable mechanical performance to unmodified crown resin but resulted in greater surface roughness, and only the group that contained 5% ZG showed an increase in translucency. However, it should be noted that increased surface roughness may impact the aesthetics of the crowns, and further optimisation of microfillers concentrations may be necessary. These findings suggest that the newly developed dental-based resins that incorporate microfillers could be suitable for clinical applications, but further studies are necessary to optimise the nanoparticle concentrations and investigate their long-term clinical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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Review

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18 pages, 606 KiB  
Review
Polycaprolactone in Bone Tissue Engineering: A Comprehensive Review of Innovations in Scaffold Fabrication and Surface Modifications
by Hsin-Yu Liang, Wei-Keung Lee, Jui-Tsen Hsu, Jie-Yu Shih, Tien-Li Ma, Thi Thuy Tien Vo, Chiang-Wen Lee, Ming-Te Cheng and I-Ta Lee
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(9), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15090243 - 24 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2022
Abstract
Bone tissue engineering has seen significant advancements with innovative scaffold fabrication techniques such as 3D printing. This review focuses on enhancing polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold properties through structural modifications, including surface treatments, pore architecture adjustments, and the incorporation of biomaterials like hydroxyapatite (HA). These [...] Read more.
Bone tissue engineering has seen significant advancements with innovative scaffold fabrication techniques such as 3D printing. This review focuses on enhancing polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffold properties through structural modifications, including surface treatments, pore architecture adjustments, and the incorporation of biomaterials like hydroxyapatite (HA). These modifications aim to improve scaffold conformation, cellular behavior, and mechanical performance, with particular emphasis on the role of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in bone regeneration. The review also explores the potential of integrating nanomaterials and graphene oxide (GO) to further enhance the mechanical and biological properties of PCL scaffolds. Future directions involve optimizing scaffold structures and compositions for improved bone tissue regeneration outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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15 pages, 3190 KiB  
Review
Current Status of Peri-Implant Diseases: A Clinical Review for Evidence-Based Decision Making
by Antonio Scarano, Ahmad G. A. Khater, Sergio Alexandre Gehrke, Paola Serra, Inchingolo Francesco, Mariastella Di Carmine, Sergio Rexhep Tari, Lucia Leo and Felice Lorusso
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(4), 210; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14040210 - 10 Apr 2023
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 8074
Abstract
Background: the prevalence of peri-implant diseases is constantly growing, particularly with the increasing use of dental implants. As such, achieving healthy peri-implant tissues has become a key challenge in implant dentistry since it considers the optimal success paradigm. This narrative review aims to [...] Read more.
Background: the prevalence of peri-implant diseases is constantly growing, particularly with the increasing use of dental implants. As such, achieving healthy peri-implant tissues has become a key challenge in implant dentistry since it considers the optimal success paradigm. This narrative review aims to highlight the current concepts regarding the disease and summarize the available evidence on treatment approaches clarifying their indications for usage following the World Workshop on the Classification of Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases (2017). Methods: we reviewed the recent literature and conducted a narrative synthesis of the available evidence on peri-implant diseases. Results: scientific evidence on case definitions, epidemiology, risk factors, microbiological profile, prevention, and treatment approaches for peri-implant diseases were summarized and reported. Conclusions: although there are numerous protocols for managing peri-implant diseases, they are diverse and nonstandardized, with no consensus on the most effective, leading to treatment confusion. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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Other

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26 pages, 954 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Incorporation of Zinc into Hydroxyapatite and Its Influence on the Cellular Response to Biomaterials: A Systematic Review
by Jessica Dornelas, Giselle Dornelas, Alexandre Rossi, Adriano Piattelli, Natalia Di Pietro, Tea Romasco, Carlos Fernando Mourão and Gutemberg Gomes Alves
J. Funct. Biomater. 2024, 15(7), 178; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15070178 - 28 Jun 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1515
Abstract
Zinc is known for its role in enhancing bone metabolism, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Several studies proposed the incorporation of zinc into hydroxyapatite (HA) to produce biomaterials (ZnHA) that stimulate and accelerate bone healing. This systematic review aimed to understand the physicochemical [...] Read more.
Zinc is known for its role in enhancing bone metabolism, cell proliferation, and tissue regeneration. Several studies proposed the incorporation of zinc into hydroxyapatite (HA) to produce biomaterials (ZnHA) that stimulate and accelerate bone healing. This systematic review aimed to understand the physicochemical characteristics of zinc-doped HA-based biomaterials and the evidence of their biological effects on osteoblastic cells. A comprehensive literature search was conducted from 2022 to 2024, covering all years of publications, in three databases (Web of Science, PUBMED, Scopus), retrieving 609 entries, with 36 articles included in the analysis according to the selection criteria. The selected studies provided data on the material’s physicochemical properties, the methods of zinc incorporation, and the biological effects of ZnHA on bone cells. The production of ZnHA typically involves the wet chemical synthesis of HA and ZnHA precursors, followed by deposition on substrates using processes such as liquid precursor plasma spraying (LPPS). Characterization techniques confirmed the successful incorporation of zinc into the HA lattice. The findings indicated that zinc incorporation into HA at low concentrations is non-cytotoxic and beneficial for bone cells. ZnHA was found to stimulate cell proliferation, adhesion, and the production of osteogenic factors, thereby promoting in vitro mineralization. However, the optimal zinc concentration for the desired effects varied across studies, making it challenging to establish a standardized concentration. ZnHA materials are biocompatible and enhance osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. However, the mechanisms of zinc release and the ideal concentrations for optimal tissue regeneration require further investigation. Standardizing these parameters is essential for the effective clinical application of ZnHA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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26 pages, 2521 KiB  
Systematic Review
Autologous Tooth Graft: Innovative Biomaterial for Bone Regeneration. Tooth Transformer® and the Role of Microbiota in Regenerative Dentistry. A Systematic Review
by Angelo Michele Inchingolo, Assunta Patano, Chiara Di Pede, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Giulia Palmieri, Elisabetta de Ruvo, Merigrazia Campanelli, Silvio Buongiorno, Vincenzo Carpentiere, Fabio Piras, Vito Settanni, Fabio Viapiano, Denisa Hazballa, Biagio Rapone, Antonio Mancini, Daniela Di Venere, Francesco Inchingolo, Maria Celeste Fatone, Andrea Palermo, Elio Minetti, Felice Lorusso, Antonio Scarano, Salvatore Sauro, Gianluca Martino Tartaglia, Ioana Roxana Bordea, Gianna Dipalma and Giuseppina Malcangiadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
J. Funct. Biomater. 2023, 14(3), 132; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb14030132 - 27 Feb 2023
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 4710
Abstract
Different biomaterials, from synthetic products to autologous or heterologous grafts, have been suggested for the preservation and regeneration of bone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous tooth as a grafting material and examine the properties of this [...] Read more.
Different biomaterials, from synthetic products to autologous or heterologous grafts, have been suggested for the preservation and regeneration of bone. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of autologous tooth as a grafting material and examine the properties of this material and its interactions with bone metabolism. PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science were searched to find articles addressing our topic published from 1 January 2012 up to 22 November 2022, and a total of 1516 studies were identified. Eighteen papers in all were considered in this review for qualitative analysis. Demineralized dentin can be used as a graft material, since it shows high cell compatibility and promotes rapid bone regeneration by striking an ideal balance between bone resorption and production; it also has several benefits, such as quick recovery times, high-quality newly formed bone, low costs, no risk of disease transmission, the ability to be performed as an outpatient procedure, and no donor-related postoperative complications. Demineralization is a crucial step in the tooth treatment process, which includes cleaning, grinding, and demineralization. Since the presence of hydroxyapatite crystals prevents the release of growth factors, demineralization is essential for effective regenerative surgery. Even though the relationship between the bone system and dysbiosis has not yet been fully explored, this study highlights an association between bone and gut microbes. The creation of additional scientific studies to build upon and enhance the findings of this study should be a future objective of scientific research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of Biomaterials and Techniques in Dental Surgical Treatment)
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