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The Challenges of Open Water Swimmers
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The Challenges of Open Water Swimmers

A special issue of Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (ISSN 2411-5142). This special issue belongs to the section "Athletic Training and Human Performance".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2022) | Viewed by 9083

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Maria Francesca Piacentini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Human Movement and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy
Interests: training monitoring; elite athletes; endurance athletes (open water swimmers, triathletes and runners) functional and non-functional overreaching; overtraining prevention
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Veronica Vleck

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for the Interdisciplinary Study of Human Performance (CIPER), Faculdade de Motricidade Humana, University of Lisbon, 1499-002 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: medical support; elites; training; health in triathletes both across the lifespan and vs. their sedentary age-matched peers; training adaptation; training diary based predictive models that can be used to minimize the occurrence of non-functional overreaching; injury and illness; pacing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Open water swimming (OWS) has received increasing attention since its inception into the Olympic Games in 2008. However, as the 10 km (“marathon swimming”) event is a relatively young Olympic discipline, many of the existing training (periodization) and nutrition guidelines for it have been borrowed from land-based disciplines of a similar duration. This is despite the unique environmental challenges (e.g., unpredictable waves, tides, and currents) that OWS swimming presents, and which both influence the effective swimming distance and differentiate it from other aquatic sports.

OWS events over unconventional distances (e.g., the 34-km “English Channel Swim”, the 32.2-km “Catalina Channel”, the 36-km “Maratona del Golfo Capri-Napoli”, and the 40-km “Manhattan Island” race) have also seen an increasing number of participants in recent years.

OWS also forms part of triathlon competition. As such, triathlon OWS events are raced over a variety of distances.

With this Special Issue, we aim to bring together a series of OWS-specific papers. Papers that tackle OWS-related issues for elite athletes, and papers relevant to the increasing number of age group athletes that participate in triathlon and other ultra-endurance swimming events, are both encouraged. Submissions on OWS-related training, optimal nutritional strategies, wetsuit use, pacing, and medical issues—including those related to the difficulties of swimming in different water temperatures—are particularly welcome.

Prof. Dr. Maria Francesca Piacentini
Dr. Veronica Vleck
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Open water swimming
  • Triathlon swimming
  • Water temperature
  • Wetsuits
  • Medical issues
  • Training
  • Pacing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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9 pages, 1212 KiB  
Article
Older or Wiser? Age and Experience Trends in 20 Years of Olympic and World Swimming Championships Open Water 10-km Races
by Luis Rodríguez-Adalia, Santiago Veiga, Jesús Santos del Cerro and José M. González-Ravé
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2021, 6(4), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040089 - 29 Oct 2021
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Abstract
The aims of the present research were to estimate the age of peak performance (APP) and to examine the role of previous experience at the world-level open water race performances. Finishing positions and age of swimmers (639 females and 738 males) in the [...] Read more.
The aims of the present research were to estimate the age of peak performance (APP) and to examine the role of previous experience at the world-level open water race performances. Finishing positions and age of swimmers (639 females and 738 males) in the 10-km events of World Championship (WCH) and Olympic Games (OG) from 2000 to 2019 were obtained from the official results websites. Years of previous experience were computed using the number of previous participations in WCH or OG. APP was estimated using quadratic models of the 10th percentile top race positions and resulted in 28.94 years old for males (R2 = 0.551) and 27.40 years old for females (R2 = 0.613). Regression analysis revealed an improvement of 1.36 or 8.19 finishing positions for each additional year of age or experience, respectively (R2 = 0.157). However, significant differences (p < 0.001) between age and experience showed that the swimmer’s age became less relevant for performance as years of experience increased. These results, in terms of age, are in line with other mass-start disciplines of similar duration (≈2 h) and, in terms of experience, confirm the importance of previous participation in improving tactical decision making during open water races. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenges of Open Water Swimmers)
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9 pages, 635 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effects of Warm-Up on Sprint Swimming Performance, Rating of Perceived Exertion, and Blood Lactate Concentration: A Systematic Review
by Olivia Czelusniak, Emily Favreau and Stephen J. Ives
J. Funct. Morphol. Kinesiol. 2021, 6(4), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk6040085 - 19 Oct 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4380
Abstract
(1) Background: warm-ups precede physical exertion and has been shown to have positive and negative effects on performance. Positive effects include elevating body temperature, heart rate, and VO2. Negative effects include increasing fatigue and blood lactate concentration. The most effective warm-up [...] Read more.
(1) Background: warm-ups precede physical exertion and has been shown to have positive and negative effects on performance. Positive effects include elevating body temperature, heart rate, and VO2. Negative effects include increasing fatigue and blood lactate concentration. The most effective warm-up format is still unknown, particularly in competitive swimming. The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the most beneficial warm-up for maximal performance in sprint swimming events; (2) Methods: a structured search was carried out following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines in the PubMed, SportDiscus, and Google Scholar databases until March 2021. Studies with double-blind and randomized designs in which different types of warm-up were compared to each other or an identical placebo condition (no warm-up) were considered. Fourteen published studies were included. The effects of warm-up on sprint swimming performance, rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and blood lactate concentration (La−) were investigated. (3) Results: in half of the studies, swimmers performed significantly better after a regular warm-up; however, the effect of warm-up on performance was small. Warm-ups had a medium to large effect on RPE and a small to medium effect on La−. (4) Conclusions: the findings of this review suggest that warm-ups do influence performance, although the magnitude is small. Future studies are needed in larger populations to clarify whether warm ups improve swim performance, to what extent, and the potential role of variables related to participant characteristics and swimming competitions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Challenges of Open Water Swimmers)
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