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Advances in Ships and Marine Structures
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Advances in Ships and Marine Structures

A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 February 2025 | Viewed by 10223

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: digital twins; structural health monitoring; structural analysis of offshore renewable energy devices; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics research is to ensure that structures are safe and durable enough to prevent catastrophic situations which can cause loss of lives, environmental pollution, and financial losses. Depending on the use of the structure and the conditions that it is subjected to, it requires a special treatment during analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to the marine environment, which can cause several different damage mechanisms, including damages due to fatigue and corrosion. This Special Issue on “Advances in Ships and Marine Structures” will consider a wide range of areas related to marine structures, including but not limited to:

  • Structural analysis of ship structures;
  • Structural analysis of offshore renewable energy devices;
  • Structural analysis of offshore platforms;
  • Structural analysis of naval vessels;
  • Structural analysis of pipelines and subsea systems;
  • Risk- and reliability-based approaches applied to marine structures;
  • Structural health monitoring of marine structures;
  • Corrosion;
  • Ice–structure interactions;
  • Collision mechanics;
  • Inspection and repair of marine structures;
  • Fatigue and fracture;
  • Marine composites;
  • Application of machine learning and digital twins for ships and offshore structures

The Special Issue will provide a compilation of numerical, experimental, and analytical studies related to research on “Advances in Ships and Marine Structures”.

Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • marine structures
  • fracture mechanics
  • corrosion
  • structural health monitoring
  • marine composites
  • ice-structure interactions
  • machine learning
  • digital twins

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 919 KiB  
Article
Global Sensitivity Analysis of the Fundamental Frequency of Jacket-Supported Offshore Wind Turbines Using Artificial Neural Networks
by Román Quevedo-Reina, Guillermo M. Álamo and Juan J. Aznárez
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(11), 2011; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12112011 - 8 Nov 2024
Viewed by 426
Abstract
Determining the fundamental frequency of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) is crucial to ensure the reliability and longevity of the structure. This study presents a global sensitivity analysis of the fundamental frequency of OWTs on jacket foundations. Monte Carlo sampling was employed to generate [...] Read more.
Determining the fundamental frequency of Offshore Wind Turbines (OWTs) is crucial to ensure the reliability and longevity of the structure. This study presents a global sensitivity analysis of the fundamental frequency of OWTs on jacket foundations. Monte Carlo sampling was employed to generate a diverse set of wind turbines, emplacements, and jacket designs, ensuring that the generated samples are realistic and yield relevant conclusions. The fundamental frequency and its partial derivatives were obtained via a previously developed ANN model. The relative sensitivities were computed to facilitate the comparison of their influence. The results demonstrate that wind turbine properties are the most relevant variables affecting the fundamental frequency, with a decrement in frequency caused by tower height and rotor-nacelle assembly mass, as well as an increment due to the section dimensions of the tower, particularly at its base. Soil properties have a significant effect on foundation stiffness for soft and light soils but can be neglected for hard and heavy soils. The diameter and thickness of the braces also show different relevance depending on their dimensions, producing rigid links between legs for greater sections. This study provides a measure of the variables influencing the fundamental frequency, facilitating a deeper comprehension of this phenomenon. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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32 pages, 10733 KiB  
Article
Energy Use and Carbon Footprint Assessment in Retrofitting a Novel Energy Saving Device to a Ship
by Eren Uyan, Mehmet Atlar and Osman Gürsoy
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(10), 1879; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101879 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 786
Abstract
The Gate rudder system (GRS) was recently introduced as an innovative energy-saving device (ESD) for ships, and it is the most attractive ESD currently used in the market, with double figures of fuel savings in full-scale (>10–35%) compared with a ship with a [...] Read more.
The Gate rudder system (GRS) was recently introduced as an innovative energy-saving device (ESD) for ships, and it is the most attractive ESD currently used in the market, with double figures of fuel savings in full-scale (>10–35%) compared with a ship with a conventional rudder system (CRS). Although there are few new ship applications of GRS, the recently completed EC-H2020 GATERS project successfully demonstrated its unique energy-saving and manoeuvrability benefits as a “retrofit” solution for an existing general cargo vessel for the first time. The project results suggested that the GRS holds significant potential for retrofitting existing ships to enhance fuel efficiency (~35%) and improve manoeuvrability. Nevertheless, the application was a comprehensive undertaking requiring various work tasks such as component manufacturing, removing existing systems, and modification and upgrading works, with substantial energy consumption and environmental impacts. Therefore, it was insightful to study energy use and environmental impacts in a GRS retrofit process. This study developed and implemented a comprehensive energy consumption and carbon footprint assessment framework for the GRS retrofit in the GATERS project. A detailed assessment of energy consumption and related carbon emissions was performed during the major stages of manufacturing, system removals, and modifications and assembly in the GRS retrofit. Also, the potential savings in energy use and emissions were addressed. The results demonstrated that the manufacturing stage was the most energy-intensive phase, being responsible for 91.4% of total electricity and 46.7% of fuel-based thermal energy use. The system removals accounted for 53.3% of the fuel-based thermal energy, whereas the modification and assembly work accounted for about 7.7% of the total electricity use. Additionally, various measures such as clean electrification, energy efficiency, mould/tool reuse, and component reuse to reduce the energy consumption and related carbon emissions in future GRS retrofit applications were addressed and discussed together with their reduction potentials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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24 pages, 6581 KiB  
Article
Analysis of Saturated Impulse for Square Plates under Flat Slamming Impact: Experimental and Numerical Investigation
by Zhikui Zhu, Ling Zhu, Kailing Guo and Xueliang Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(10), 1730; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12101730 - 1 Oct 2024
Viewed by 504
Abstract
The saturated impulse is a special phenomenon in the dynamic plastic behavior of engineering structures under intensive pulse loading, such as slamming loading. In this study, slamming experiments were performed on steel plates to investigate their slamming pressure and dynamic plastic responses, as [...] Read more.
The saturated impulse is a special phenomenon in the dynamic plastic behavior of engineering structures under intensive pulse loading, such as slamming loading. In this study, slamming experiments were performed on steel plates to investigate their slamming pressure and dynamic plastic responses, as well as the saturation phenomenon, and elucidate the effect of the plate thickness and material properties on the dimensionless saturated deflection and saturated impulse in combination with the published test data. The results show that the dimensionless saturated deflection and saturated impulse of the test plates gradually increased as the dimensionless stiffness decreased. After being validated against the experimental results, a numerical method that considered the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) effect was then employed to provide comprehensive insight into the transient plastic responses and saturated impulse of the flat plates under slamming impact. Numerical simulations revealed that the compressed air layer always existed during the effective process of the flat slamming impact. Through the numerical prediction of the dynamic plastic deflection and slamming pulse loading, it was observed that the saturated impulse phenomenon always took place after the time instant of the peak value of the pressure pulse. Furthermore, the analysis of the saturated impulse based on the numerical simulations indicated that the saturation phenomenon was more likely to be achieved as the water impact velocity increased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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17 pages, 3735 KiB  
Article
Study on the Factors Influencing the Amplitude of Local Ice Pressure on Vertical Structures Based on Model Tests
by Ying Xu, Dayong Zhang, Kuankuan Wu, Xin Peng, Xunxiang Jia and Guojun Wang
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(9), 1634; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12091634 - 13 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2941
Abstract
Local ice pressure refers to the ice pressure exerted on a very small area of a structure during ice failure. The existence of high-pressure zones may lead to local deformation and damage to ice-resistant structures, posing a serious threat to the overall structural [...] Read more.
Local ice pressure refers to the ice pressure exerted on a very small area of a structure during ice failure. The existence of high-pressure zones may lead to local deformation and damage to ice-resistant structures, posing a serious threat to the overall structural stability. This study simulates the interaction between sea ice and structures through model tests, analyzing the timing of extreme local ice pressures. The results show that at low loading speeds, there is a 50% probability that the extreme local ice pressure occurs at the peak of the global ice force, while at high loading speeds, this probability drops to around 25%. Further investigation into the relationship between the global ice force peak, ice thickness, loading speed, and local area with local ice pressure amplitude reveals that the local ice pressure amplitude decreases with increasing loading speed and increases with ice thickness. Based on the area averaging method for square regions, the relationship between local ice pressure amplitude and local area is studied, showing that ice thickness, local width, and loading speed all influence the pressure–area relationship. Based on the square area averaging method, the relationship between the local ice pressure amplitude and the local area was studied. It was found that a linear relationship exists between the power function coefficient of local ice pressure–area and the thickness-to-width ratio. Compared to brittle failure, the local ice pressure amplitude under ductile failure of the ice sheet is more significantly affected by ice thickness. This study provides a foundation and reference for the analysis of ice-resistant performance and structural design of polar marine engineering structures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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24 pages, 6480 KiB  
Article
Trim and Engine Power Joint Optimization of a Ship Based on Minimum Energy Consumption over a Whole Voyage
by Yanyun Yu, Hongshuo Zhang, Zongbao Mu, Yating Li, Yutong Sun and Jia Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 475; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030475 - 10 Mar 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1653
Abstract
Trim optimization is an available approach for the energy saving and emission reduction of a ship. As a ship sails on the water, the draft and trim undergo constant changes due to the consumption of fuel oil and other consumables. As a result, [...] Read more.
Trim optimization is an available approach for the energy saving and emission reduction of a ship. As a ship sails on the water, the draft and trim undergo constant changes due to the consumption of fuel oil and other consumables. As a result, the selection of the initial trim is important if ballasting or shifting liquid among the tanks is not considered during a voyage. According to the characteristics of ship navigation and maneuvering, a practical trim optimization method is proposed to identify the Optimal Trim over a Whole Voyage (OTWV) which makes the fuel consumption of the voyage minimum. The calculations of speed vs. draft and trim surfaces are created according to hull resistance data generated by CFD, model tests, or real ship measurements, and these surfaces are used to calculate the OTWV. Ultimately, a trim and Main Engine (ME) power joint optimization method is developed based on the OTWV to make the total fuel consumption minimum for a voyage with a fixed length and travel time. A 307000 DWT VLCC is taken as an example to validate the practicality and effect of the two proposed optimization methods. The trim optimization example indicates that the OTWV could save up to 1.2% of the total fuel consumption compared to the Optimal Trim at Initial Draft (OTID). The trim and ME power joint optimization results show that the proposed method could steadily find the optimal trim and ME power combination, and the OTWV could save up to 1.0% fuel consumption compared to the OTID in this case. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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23 pages, 5111 KiB  
Article
An Equivalent Linear Method to Predict Nonlinear Bending Mechanics of Dredging Floating Hose String
by Jingjing Liu, Long Yu, Xiaoyan Li and Jing Liu
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030421 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1157
Abstract
Dredging hoses are flexible and are particularly suitable for slurry transportations for mud or sand in dredging projects. To achieve sufficient bending stiffness and to prevent the pipe body from collapsing, this type of hose segment is a composite structure that is embedded [...] Read more.
Dredging hoses are flexible and are particularly suitable for slurry transportations for mud or sand in dredging projects. To achieve sufficient bending stiffness and to prevent the pipe body from collapsing, this type of hose segment is a composite structure that is embedded with several cord reinforcement layers and steel wires in its rubber layer. To quickly evaluate the nonlinear bending mechanical properties of rubber hoses, this study proposes the equivalent stiffness method of linear superposition, which is verified by test data and numerical results. The results show that the equivalent bending stiffness method proposed in this study is in good agreement with numerical and experimental results. Then, by comparing the calculation results of the hose string, it was demonstrated that the linear stiffness superposition method proposed in this study can also accurately predict the bending mechanical behavior characteristics of string hose, and provide reliable guidance for hose design in practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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40 pages, 29085 KiB  
Article
A Two-Stage Optimisation of Ship Hull Structure Combining Fractional Factorial Design Technique and NSGA-II Algorithm
by Joynal Abedin, Francis Franklin and S. M. Ikhtiar Mahmud
J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2024, 12(3), 411; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse12030411 - 26 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1494
Abstract
The intricate nature of ships and floating structures presents a significant challenge for ship designers when determining suitable structural dimensions for maritime applications. This study addresses a critical research gap by focusing on a three-cargo hold model for a multipurpose cargo ship. The [...] Read more.
The intricate nature of ships and floating structures presents a significant challenge for ship designers when determining suitable structural dimensions for maritime applications. This study addresses a critical research gap by focusing on a three-cargo hold model for a multipurpose cargo ship. The complex composition of these structures, including stiffening plates, deck plates, bottom plates, frames, and bulkheads, necessitates thorough structural analysis to facilitate effective and cost-efficient design evaluation. To address this challenge, the research utilises FEMAP-integrated NX NASTRAN software (2021.2) to assess hull girder stress. Furthermore, a novel approach is introduced, integrating the Design of Experiments (DOE) principles within Minitab 21.4.1 software to identify critical parameters affecting hull girder stress and production costs. This method determined the top five key parameters influencing hull girder stress: Hatch coaming plate, Hatch coaming top plate, Main deck plate, Shear strake plate, and Bottom plate, while also highlighting key parameters that impact production costs: the inner bottom plate, Inner side shell plate, Bottom plate, Web frame spacing, and Side shell plate. Ship design optimisation is then carried out by incorporating regression equations from Minitab software into the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II), which is managed using Python software (PyCharm Community Editon 2020.3.1). This optimisation process yields a significant 10% reduction in both ship weight and production costs compared to the previous design, achieved through prudent adjustments in plate thickness, web frame positioning, and stiffener arrangement. The optimally designed midship section undergoes rigorous validation to ensure conformity with industry standards and classification society regulations. Necessary adjustments to inner bottom plates and double bottom side girders are made to meet these stringent requirements. This research offers a comprehensive framework for the structural optimisation of ship hulls, potentially enhancing safety, sustainability, and competitiveness within the maritime engineering industry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Ships and Marine Structures)
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Planned Papers

The below list represents only planned manuscripts. Some of these manuscripts have not been received by the Editorial Office yet. Papers submitted to MDPI journals are subject to peer-review.

Title: The reliability analysis and experiment verification of pressure spherical structural model for deep sea submersible based on data BP and machine learning technology
Authors: Qinghai Du[1]; Wei Liu[1]; Guang Zou[2]; Xiangyu Chou[1]
Affiliation: [1] Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Hadal Science and Technology, College of Engineering Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; [2]Department of Ocean Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.

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