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A special issue of Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (ISSN 2077-1312). This special issue belongs to the section "Ocean Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2019) | Viewed by 62703

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Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus

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Guest Editor

Department of Naval Architecture, Ocean and Marine Engineering, University of Strathclyde, 100 Montrose Street, Glasgow G4 0LZ, UK
Interests: digital twins; structural health monitoring; structural analysis of offshore renewable energy devices; additive manufacturing
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering. The main goal of structural mechanics research is to ensure that the structures are safe and durable to prevent catastrophic situations, which can cause loss of lives, environmental pollution, and financial loses. Depending on the usage of the structure and the conditions that it is subjected to requires a special treatment during the analysis. Specifically, marine structures are subjected to harsh environmental conditions due to marine environment which can cause several different damage mechanisms including damages due to fatigue and corrosion. This Special Issue on “Marine Structures” will consider a wide range of areas related to marine structures including, but not limited to:

-          Structural analysis of ship structures
-          Structural analysis of offshore platforms
-          Structural analysis of naval vessels
-          Structural analysis of pipelines and subsea systems
-          Risk and reliability based approaches applied to marine structures
-          Structural health monitoring of marine structures
-          Corrosion
-          Ice-structure interactions
-          Collision mechanics
-          Inspection and repair of marine structures
-          Fatigue and fracture
-          Marine composites

This Special Issue will provide a compilation of numerical, experimental and analytical studies related to “Marine Structures” research.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Erkan Oterkus
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

marine structures
fracture mechanics
corrosion
structural health monitoring
marine composites
ice-structure interactions

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Published Papers (12 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

2 pages, 159 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Marine Structures

by Erkan Oterkus

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(10), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100351 - 3 Oct 2019

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2094

Abstract

Structural mechanics is an important field of engineering [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

20 pages, 9653 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tripod-Supported Offshore Wind Turbines: Modal and Coupled Analysis and a Parametric Study Using X-SEA and FAST

by Pasin Plodpradit, Van Nguyen Dinh and Ki-Du Kim

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(6), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7060181 - 9 Jun 2019

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 8632

Abstract

This paper presents theoretical aspects and an extensive numerical study of the coupled analysis of tripod support structures for offshore wind turbines (OWTs) by using X-SEA and FAST v8 programs. In a number of site conditions such as extreme and longer period waves, fast installation, and lighter foundations, tripod structures are more advantageous than monopile and jacket structures. In the implemented dynamic coupled analysis, the sub-structural module in FAST was replaced by the X-SEA offshore substructure analysis component. The time-histories of the reaction forces and the turbine loads were then calculated. The results obtained from X-SEA and from FAST were in good agreement. The pile-soil-structure interaction (PSSI) was included for reliable evaluation of OWT structural systems. The superelement concept was introduced to reduce the computational time. Modal, coupled and uncoupled analyses of the NREL 5MW OWT-tripod support structure including PSSI were carried out and the discussions on the natural frequencies, mode shapes and resulted displacements are presented. Compared to the uncoupled models, the physical interaction between the tower and the support structure in the coupled models resulted in smaller responses. Compared to the fixed support structures, i.e., when PSSI is not included, the piled-support structure has lower natural frequencies and larger responses attributed to its actual flexibility. The models using pile superelements are computationally efficient and give results that are identical to the common finite element models. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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12 pages, 3936 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Cross-Flow Vortex-Induced Vibration (VIV) Responses and Hydrodynamic Forces of a Long Flexible and Low Mass Ratio Pipe

by Xifeng Gao, Zengwei Xu, Wanhai Xu and Ming He

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(6), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7060179 - 5 Jun 2019

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3831

Abstract

Laboratory tests were carried out to investigate the cross-flow (CF) dynamic responses and hydrodynamic forces of a flexible pipe that subjected to vortex-induced vibration (VIV). The pipe had a critical mass ratio of 0.54 and an aspect ratio of 181.8. The uniform flow environment was realized by towing the pipe along a towing tank. The towing velocity ranged from 0.1–1.0 m/s with an interval of 0.05 m/s. Two axial pre-tension cases (200 N and 300 N) were enforced. The structural strains were measured at seven positions evenly distributed along the pipe. Then a modal analysis method was applied to reconstruct the displacement responses. It is revealed that the maximum CF displacement amplitude reached up to 2.18 pipe diameter and the strain response exhibited higher harmonic components. The CF dominant frequency gradually rises with the increase of reduced velocity and up to a three-order vibration mode can be observed. In addition, mean drag coefficient, lift force coefficient and added mass coefficient were also calculated to further investigate the fluid force feature of a low mass flexible pipe undergoing VIV. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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28 pages, 14407 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Stochastic Modeling of Forces on Jacket-Type Offshore Structures Colonized by Marine Growth

by Hamed Ameryoun, Franck Schoefs, Laurent Barillé and Yoann Thomas

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(5), 158; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050158 - 22 May 2019

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 4467

Abstract

The present paper deals with the stochastic modeling of bio-colonization for the computation of stochastic hydrodynamic loading on jacket-type offshore structures. It relies on a multidisciplinary study gathering biological and physical research fields that accounts for uncertainties at all the levels. Indeed, bio-colonization of offshore structures is a complex phenomenon with two major but distinct domains: (i) marine biology, whose processes are modeled with biomathematics methods, and (ii) hydrodynamic processes. This paper aims to connect these two domains. It proposes a stochastic model for the marine organism’s growth and then continues with transfers for the assessment of drag coefficient and forces probability density functions that account for marine growth evolution. A case study relies on the characteristics (growth and shape) of the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) in the northeastern Atlantic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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27 pages, 13242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Analyses of Wave Generation and Vortex Formation under the Action of Viscous Fluid Flows over a Depression

by Chih-Hua Chang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(5), 141; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7050141 - 12 May 2019

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3814

Abstract

Transient free-surface deformations and evolving vortices due to the passage of flows over a submerged cavity are simulated. A two-dimensional stream function–vorticity formulation with a free-surface model is employed. Model results are validated against the limiting case of pure lid-driven cavity flow with comparisons of the vortical flow pattern and velocity profiles. The verification of the free-surface computations are also carried out by comparing results with published potential flow solutions for cases of flows over a depressed bottom topography. The agreements are generally good. Investigations are extended to other viscous flow conditions, where the cavity is set to have the normalized dimension of one by one when scaled by the still water depth. The free-surface elevations and streamline patterns for cases with Froude numbers ranging from 0.5 to 1.1 and different Reynolds numbers (Re = 5000 and 500) are calculated. At the condition of near-critical flow (Fr ≈ 1.0), the phenomenon of upstream advancing solitons is produced. Viscous effects on the free-surface profile reveal that at a lower value of Re (e.g., Re = 500) larger advancing solitary waves are generated. Vortical flow patterns in the cavity are examined for the cases with Fr = 1.0 and various values of Re. When Re = 5000, the vortex pattern includes a primary and a weak, but dominated secondary vortices at the time reaching a nearly quasi-steady motion. For the case of lower Re (e.g., Re = 500), a steady-state vortex pattern can be established with a clockwise primary vortex mostly occupied inside the cavity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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15 pages, 2703 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Towing Operation Methods of Offshore Integrated Meteorological Mast for Offshore Wind Farms

by Hongyan Ding, Ruiqi Hu, Conghuan Le and Puyang Zhang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(4), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040100 - 11 Apr 2019

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4737

Abstract

An offshore integrated meteorological mast (OIMM) is introduced which has great application potential for the development of offshore wind turbine power. This innovative OIMM features in two aspects: the integrated construction and the integrated transportation. Its integrated techniques enable this OIMM to be prefabricated onshore and transported by a relatively small tugboat to the installation site. It is efficient in construction, rapid in transportation and saving in cost. The towing process is an important section for the integrated transportation, which makes the towing operation necessary to investigate. With the numerical simulation software MOSES, the hydrodynamic behavior of the towing operation is investigated. Two special wet towing methods (surface towing and submerged towing) are adopted and analyzed in terms of the towing resistance, towing speed, fairlead position and the motion response. The results show that for both towing methods, to obtain a higher speed by increasing the towing force is uneconomic since the towing resistance increases a much higher percentage than the towing speed dose. Surface towing has a smaller resistance but larger motion response compared to submerged towing. The submerged towing shows a clear descending heave motion. The heave and pitch motions are smaller with the lower fairlead position and fluctuate less with deeper submerged depth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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12 pages, 4637 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Failure Analysis of Topside Facilities on Oil/Gas Platforms in the Bohai Sea

by Songsong Yu, Dayong Zhang and Qianjin Yue

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2019, 7(4), 86; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse7040086 - 27 Mar 2019

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3632

Abstract

The jacket platform in the Bohai Sea oilfield is an important engineering development, offering design alternatives in this economically important region. However, ice-induced vibration in cold areas threatens the safety and operation of these platforms. On two occasions, intense ice-induced vibrations triggered the rupture of a well’s blow down pipeline, loosening the flanges on the Bohai platform, and leading to the ejection of high-pressure natural gas. Subsequent mechanical analysis of the failed parts helped define the mechanism of failure and identified the failure criteria, based on a prototype structure monitoring system. The analysis revealed that the deck’s inertial force, which resulted in ice-induced steady-state vibration, was the major cause of the accident. Three fixed cones were thus installed on the platform the following winter, effectively reducing the vibrations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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22 pages, 7326 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Semi-Active Structural Control of Offshore Wind Turbines Considering Damage Development

by Arash Hemmati and Erkan Oterkus

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6(3), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6030102 - 5 Sep 2018

Cited by 29 | Viewed by 6167

Abstract

High flexibility of new offshore wind turbines (OWT) makes them vulnerable since they are subjected to large environmental loadings, wind turbine excitations and seismic loadings. A control system capable of mitigating undesired vibrations with the potential of modifying its structural properties depending on time-variant loadings and damage development can effectively enhance serviceability and fatigue lifetime of turbine systems. In the present paper, a model for offshore wind turbine systems equipped with a semi-active time-variant tuned mass damper is developed considering nonlinear soil–pile interaction phenomenon and time-variant damage conditions. The adaptive concept of this tuned mass damper assumes slow change in its structural properties. Stochastic wind and wave loadings in conjunction with ground motions are applied to the system. Damages to soil and tower caused by earthquake strokes are considered and the semi-active control device is retuned to the instantaneous frequency of the system using short-time Fourier transformation (STFT). The performance of semi-active time-variant vibration control is compared with its passive counterpart in operational and parked conditions. The dynamic responses for a single seismic record and a set of seismic records are presented. The results show that a semi-active mass damper with a mass ratio of 1% performs significantly better than a passive tuned mass damper with a mass ratio of 4%. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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19 pages, 49514 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Peridynamic Analysis of Marine Composites under Shock Loads by Considering Thermomechanical Coupling Effects

by Yan Gao and Selda Oterkus

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2018, 6(2), 38; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse6020038 - 6 Apr 2018

Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4904

Abstract

Nowadays, composite materials have been increasingly used in marine structures because of their high performance properties. During their service time, they may be exposed to extreme loading conditions such as underwater explosions. Temperature changes induced by pure mechanical shock loadings cannot to be neglected especially when smart composite materials are employed for condition monitoring of critical systems in a marine structure. Considering this fact, both the thermal loading effect on deformation and the deformation effect on temperature need to be taken into consideration. Consequently, an analysis conducted in a fully coupled thermomechanical manner is necessary. Peridynamics is a newly proposed non-local theory which can predict failures without extra assumptions. Therefore, a fully coupled thermomechanical peridynamic model is developed for laminated composites materials. In this study, numerical analysis of a 13 ply laminated composite subjected to an underwater explosion is conducted by using the developed model. The pressure shocks generated by the underwater explosion are applied on the top surface of the laminate for uniform and non-uniform load distributions. The damage is predicted and compared with existing experimental results. The simulation results obtained from uncoupled case are also provided for comparison. Thus the coupling term effects on crack propagation paths are investigated. Furthermore, the corresponding temperature distributions are also investigated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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2615 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Transmission of Low-Frequency Acoustic Waves in Seawater Piping Systems with Periodical and Adjustable Helmholtz Resonator

by Boyun Liu and Liang Yang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5(4), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse5040056 - 4 Dec 2017

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 7709

Abstract

The characteristics of acoustic wave transmitting in a metamaterial-type seawater piping system are studied. The metamaterial pipe, which consists of a uniform pipe with air-water chamber Helmholtz resonators (HRs) mounted periodically along its axial direction, could generate a wide band gap in the low-frequency range, rendering the propagation of low-frequency acoustic waves in the piping system dampened spatially. Increasing the air volume in the Helmholtz chamber would result in a sharply decrease in the central frequency of the resonant gap and an extension in the bandwidth in the beginning, yet very slowly as the air volume is further augmented. Acoustic waves will experience a small amount of energy loss if the acoustic–structure interaction effect is considered. Also, the structure-borne sound will be induced because of the interaction effects. High pressure loadings on the system may bring in a shrink in the band gap; nevertheless, the features of broad band gaps of the system is still be maintained. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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3778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

An Integrated Numerical Model for the Design of Coastal Protection Structures

by Theophanis V. Karambas and Achilleas G. Samaras

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5(4), 50; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse5040050 - 24 Oct 2017

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 5991

Abstract

In the present work, an integrated coastal engineering numerical model is presented. The model simulates the linear wave propagation, wave-induced circulation, and sediment transport and bed morphology evolution. It consists of three main modules: WAVE_L, WICIR, and SEDTR. The nearshore wave transformation module WAVE_L (WAVE_Linear) is based on the hyperbolic-type mild slope equation and is valid for a compound linear wave field near coastal structures where the waves are subjected to the combined effects of shoaling, refraction, diffraction, reflection (total and partial), and breaking. Radiation stress components (calculated from WAVE_L) drive the depth averaged circulation module WICIR (Wave Induced CIRculation) for the description of the nearshore wave-induced currents. Sediment transport and bed morphology evolution in the nearshore, surf, and swash zone are simulated by the SEDTR (SEDiment TRansport) module. The model is tested against experimental data to study the effect of representative coastal protection structures and is applied to a real case study of a coastal engineering project in North Greece, producing accurate and consistent results for a versatile range of layouts. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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4744 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Anti-Collision Assessment and Prediction Considering Material Corrosion on an Offshore Protective Device

by Ang Qiu, Xiangxi Han, Hongyu Qin, Wei Lin and Youhong Tang

J. Mar. Sci. Eng. 2017, 5(3), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/jmse5030037 - 15 Aug 2017

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 4580

Abstract

Corrosion deterioration of steel can heavily degrade the performance of marine and offshore structures. A typical steel protective device, which has worked for a dozen years in a river estuary, is selected as the research object. Its current corrosion response is measured on site and its further corrosive response is predicted based on measurement data and the structure’s current state. Nonlinear finite element method is utilized to analyze the degradation of the protective device’s anti-collision performance. Meanwhile the rubber buffer effect has been investigated for its anti-collision on the protective device. A prediction method is proposed that can accurately forecast degradation of the anti-collision performance of a protective device as time progresses. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Marine Structures)

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