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Land
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Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management
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Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management

A special issue of Land (ISSN 2073-445X). This special issue belongs to the section "Land Environmental and Policy Impact Assessment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 27 November 2024 | Viewed by 20854

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Florentina-Cristina Merciu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Human and Economic Geography, University of Bucharest, 0010041 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: identity heritage assessment and responsible resource management; representations of territorial identity and development; deindustrialization and adaptive reuse of industrial heritage; territorial dynamics; urban planning; urban regeneration; economic geography; geography of resources; rural development in less-favoured areas
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Doctoral School of Urban Planning, Ion Mincu University of Architecture and Urbanism, 10014 Bucharest, Romania
2. Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture and Urban Planning, Technical University of Moldova, 2004 Chisinau, Moldova
3. National Institute for Research and Development in Constructions, Urbanism and Sustainable Spatial Development URBAN-INCERC, 21652 Bucharest, Romania
4. National Institute for Research and Development in Tourism, 50741 Bucharest, Romania
Interests: environmetrics; systems ecology; spatial ecology; geostatistics; urban ecology; landscape ecology; land cover and use; land cover and use changes; sustainable spatial development
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Maciej J. Nowak

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Real Estate Department, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. Żołnierska 47, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
Interests: law; spatial policy; spatial policy tools; spatial planning; environmental protection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The human pressure on the environment has been coined, since 2011, in terms of “global changes”, including climate changes, alteration of energy flows, and land cover and use changes. The three leading causes of environmental degradation act separately and together, resulting in irreversible changes. Heritage sites are even more exposed to these pressures. Often, heritage sites contain a rich biodiversity, but also important cultural assets, and their distinct character is the result of the two. In order to preserve the heritage sites, it is important not only to address biodiversity and cultural issues separately, but also their traditional interaction. Preservation strategies should be conceived in a sustainable way, focusing on the future generations and on a sustainable use of natural and cultural resources. Planning could be crucial to the process in all aspects, including strategic, environmental, or spatial planning, but these sides are intrinsically related to administrative, legal and regulatory aspects, which are crucial in determining whether planning can be successful in preserving the heritage.

This Special Issue aims to separately or jointly address all the elements of the nexus described above, in order to investigate the contribution of heritage assessment to sustainable land resource management using theoretical and practical research.

Possible topics include the techniques used to assess the heritage (natural, cultural or both); strategies for its sustainable preservation; the planning of heritage sites; relationships between Nature and culture in heritage sites; resource management in heritage sites; regulatory, administrative, and legal issues related to the preservation of natural and cultural heritage; and many other related topics, bridging the approaches of human and environmental geography.

We equally welcome case studies, good practice examples, comparative studies, as well as theoretical and practical research.

Dr. Florentina-Cristina Merciu
Dr. Alexandru-Ionuţ Petrişor
Dr. Maciej J. Nowak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Land is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • heritage assessment
  • natural and cultural assessment
  • biodiversity and its conservation
  • management of natural and cultural resources
  • administrative, regulatory, and legal issues related to the conservation of heritage

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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15 pages, 490 KiB  
Article
Sense of Community and the Bears Ears National Monument
by Michael R. Cope, Jaimi Mueller, Carol Ward, Scott R. Sanders and Elizabeth Long-Meek
Land 2024, 13(12), 1976; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13121976 - 21 Nov 2024
Viewed by 247
Abstract
This paper used the communities bordering the Bears Ears National Monument, located in rural Southeastern Utah, USA, as a case study to better understand the impact that potential changes in land management have on gateway communities. Our case study is concerned with capturing [...] Read more.
This paper used the communities bordering the Bears Ears National Monument, located in rural Southeastern Utah, USA, as a case study to better understand the impact that potential changes in land management have on gateway communities. Our case study is concerned with capturing changes in the sense of community based on discussions concerning potential changes to the community. We employ “psychological sense of community” measures to assess the effect on community residents. Survey data from three gateway communities are modeled using bivariate regressions and ordinary least squares regressions with control variables to assess the four components of PSC against opposition to the proposed changes to the Bears Ears National Monument. We find that potential changes to the land designation significantly affect the respondents’ psychological sense of community. Because public protected areas and gateway communities are linked socioeconomically, environmentally, and culturally, changes in land designations can significantly impact those who live there. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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23 pages, 20678 KiB  
Article
Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of People’s Commune Sites: A Case Study of Henan Province, China
by Yi Zhu, Yasi Tian, Guoyan Tang, Dantong Zheng and Fei Yu
Land 2024, 13(11), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111860 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 469
Abstract
The people’s commune was a social practice for achieving a communist society after the establishment of New China, but they were dismantled in the early 1980s, along with their legacy. This paper analyzes people’s commune sites, offering guidance for their protection and development. [...] Read more.
The people’s commune was a social practice for achieving a communist society after the establishment of New China, but they were dismantled in the early 1980s, along with their legacy. This paper analyzes people’s commune sites, offering guidance for their protection and development. This study used the historical place names of the communes recorded in the Overview of People’s Commune, compiled a comprehensive database of people’s commune sites, and mathematically analyzed the quantity and type of communes. The spatial pattern of people’s commune sites was described via average nearest neighbors, spatial variability, kernel density analysis, and spatial correlation. Moreover, the driving mechanism was measured using the geodetector model. The survey results revealed 327 points related to people’s communes, which were categorized into three main types: agriculture-oriented, industry-oriented, and integrated. Agriculture-oriented communes are the most significant type of people’s commune, accounting for 87.0%. Communes in the northern region of Henan Province are more densely clustered, whereas those in the southeastern region are less concentrated. Moreover, precipitation is the most critical factor affecting the spatial pattern of people’s commune sites, followed by railroad accessibility. A comprehensive literature analysis revealed that water conservancy projects limited the development of communes during the people’s commune period. This paper analyzes the spatial distribution patterns of the sites that have existed historically according to historical gazetteers, revealing the factors that influenced the development of this particular political system. It enriches the spatial scope of the study of people’s communes and provides theoretical references for the future preservation of communal heritage from the perspective of regional heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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20 pages, 4899 KiB  
Article
Sustainability Assessment of Geotourism Consumption Based on Energy–Water–Waste–Economic Nexus: Evidence from Zhangye Danxia National Geopark
by Bing Xia
Land 2024, 13(11), 1857; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13111857 - 7 Nov 2024
Viewed by 492
Abstract
The development of geotourism and the establishment of geoparks can generate new job opportunities, new economic activities, and additional sources of income, with great significance in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Tourists often consume more energy and water and generate more [...] Read more.
The development of geotourism and the establishment of geoparks can generate new job opportunities, new economic activities, and additional sources of income, with great significance in achieving the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Tourists often consume more energy and water and generate more waste in order to seek a more comfortable state during their travels. This research took Zhangye Danxia National Geopark in the north slope of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau in China as an example and combined field research with questionnaires to construct a non-radial model (SBM) based on energy-water-waste-economic nexus. From the perspective of consumption, this research focuses on the consumer characteristics of geotourism sustainability based on the energy–water–waste–economic nexus (GTS-EWWE) and the driving factors behind them under different degrees of consumption. The elderly, children, and high-income tourists can contribute more to the sustainability of geotourism. Stay duration in the geopark and energy consumption are the native driving factors behind the sustainability of geotourism. However, with the improvement of the tourism consumption level, the marginal effect of the negative influence of both factors is diminishing gradually. While tourism expenditure is a positive driving factor, the tourist’s travel mode and the consumer’s awareness of ecological–environmental actions will contribute more to the sustainability of geotourism. New energy technologies to promote the green development of geoparks is significant. This research aims to provide a reference for the sustainability assessment of geoheritage sights and to provide evidence for the appropriate management policy with respect to their sustainable development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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25 pages, 6452 KiB  
Article
Cultural Heritage, Migration, and Land Use Transformation in San José Chiltepec, Oaxaca
by Gema Lugo-Espinosa, Marco Aurelio Acevedo-Ortiz, Teodulfo Aquino-Bolaños, Yolanda Donají Ortiz-Hernández, Fernando Elí Ortiz-Hernández, Rafael Pérez-Pacheco and Juana Yolanda López-Cruz
Land 2024, 13(10), 1658; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101658 - 12 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1110
Abstract
Indigenous communities worldwide face increasing challenges from modernization, migration, and economic pressures, which threaten their traditional agricultural systems and cultural heritage. These dynamics often lead to shifts in land use, the erosion of ancestral knowledge, and the weakening of cultural identity. Understanding how [...] Read more.
Indigenous communities worldwide face increasing challenges from modernization, migration, and economic pressures, which threaten their traditional agricultural systems and cultural heritage. These dynamics often lead to shifts in land use, the erosion of ancestral knowledge, and the weakening of cultural identity. Understanding how these communities adapt to such changes is crucial for sustainable development. This research examines how indigenous communities, particularly San José Chiltepec in Oaxaca, balance the preservation of cultural heritage with adapting to evolving agricultural practices and land use transformations. It emphasizes the critical role of indigenous knowledge in sustainable land management and the importance of cultural identity amidst socio-economic pressures. A mixed-methods approach was employed, integrating geostatistical data, spatial analysis, and qualitative insights from municipal development plans and community-based observations. This provided a detailed understanding of how local conditions and external forces shape land use and conservation. The findings reveal that, while irrigated agriculture and pasturelands have declined, the community has shown resilience through the preservation of seasonal farming and the expansion of secondary vegetation. San José Chiltepec serves as a model for how indigenous communities can maintain cultural and environmental heritage while adapting to modern economic challenges. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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22 pages, 12180 KiB  
Article
Visual Impact Assessment Method for Cultural Heritage: West Lake Cultural Landscape in Hangzhou, China
by Huaiyun Kou, Longchang Zhang and Sichu Zhang
Land 2024, 13(10), 1596; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13101596 - 30 Sep 2024
Viewed by 631
Abstract
Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) is a critical tool in managing cultural heritage, evaluating the impacts of development and construction projects on the visual aspects of heritage values. However, VIA is often constrained by subjectivity, low public participation, and a lack of generalizability. This [...] Read more.
Visual Impact Assessment (VIA) is a critical tool in managing cultural heritage, evaluating the impacts of development and construction projects on the visual aspects of heritage values. However, VIA is often constrained by subjectivity, low public participation, and a lack of generalizability. This study aims to develop a methodological framework for a more objective and comprehensive assessment of visual impacts on cultural heritage. The study establishes criteria for indicators based on the value attributes of cultural heritage, develops an assessment indicator system, and integrates visual sensitivity assessment through multi-factor calculations with visual perception assessment using the AHP method and questionnaire surveys. This constructs an assessment framework that combines both objectivity and subjectivity. The Shangri-La Hotel East Building project at the World Heritage site of the West Lake Cultural Landscape of Hangzhou, China, is employed as a case study to empirically demonstrate the framework’s practicality and effectiveness. The results indicate that the Shangri-La East Building significantly impacts the attributes of the West Lake. The conclusion demonstrates that the indicator system, grounded in the attributes of cultural heritage, enhances the framework’s applicability across different contexts. The integrated assessment framework, which includes both a quantitative assessment of visual sensitivity and a public-participation-based assessment of visual perception, is shown to be effective in predicting the visual impacts of proposed projects on heritage values. The study also underscores the importance of Heritage Impact Assessment as a preliminary evaluation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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18 pages, 9026 KiB  
Article
Missing Landscapes: A Geohistory of Parkland Landscapes in Northwestern Morocco
by Aziz Ballouche
Land 2024, 13(5), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13050649 - 10 May 2024
Viewed by 1191
Abstract
Northwestern Morocco is characterized by highly anthropized landscapes under the combined effect of agricultural intensification, resource overexploitation, urbanization, and tourism, but also local reforestation. Reconstructing the recent changes in vegetation in the region of the lower valley of the Loukkos river near Larache [...] Read more.
Northwestern Morocco is characterized by highly anthropized landscapes under the combined effect of agricultural intensification, resource overexploitation, urbanization, and tourism, but also local reforestation. Reconstructing the recent changes in vegetation in the region of the lower valley of the Loukkos river near Larache and their relationship to the settlement history are particularly helpful for understanding the processes at work within the landscape construction. The geohistorical approach combines paleoenvironmental, documentary, and historical data. The last few centuries have seen the emergence of wooded stands, in which cork oaks are a structural element. As forests were retreating, parklands intended for agriculture, agroforestry, and herding, like the Spanish dehesa and Portuguese montado, began to emerge. Nearly all of them have disappeared today, but we can identify their legacy and evaluate their cultural significance through comparing them with their counterparts in the Iberian Peninsula, but also in other areas of Morocco. Their deep historical roots give this landscape an evolving heritage character that is directly linked to the communities’ lifestyles, culture, and history. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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29 pages, 27956 KiB  
Article
Increasing Vulnerability of Village Heritage: Evidence from 123 Villages in Aba Prefecture, Sichuan, China
by Bin Shi, Hongtao Liu, Lu Huang, Yang Zhang and Zhangyong Xiang
Land 2023, 12(11), 2048; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12112048 - 10 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1443
Abstract
As the threat of global risks has increased, the study of village heritage has begun to move away from the interpretation of traditional values or the presentation of historical wisdom to focus on the vulnerability of villages. Taking Chinese traditional villages (a type [...] Read more.
As the threat of global risks has increased, the study of village heritage has begun to move away from the interpretation of traditional values or the presentation of historical wisdom to focus on the vulnerability of villages. Taking Chinese traditional villages (a type of vernacular heritage) as the target, this study clarifies the connotation of village vulnerability and its generation pattern. Drawing on the framework of “exposure-sensitivity-adaptive capacity”, a set of vulnerability evaluation index systems integrating the characteristics of village heritage is proposed. By utilizing vulnerability index and obstacle degree models, we analyze the spatial differentiation and evolutionary characteristics of vulnerability in 123 traditional villages within Aba Prefecture, Sichuan Province, southwestern China, while also exploring the main factors influencing vulnerability evolution at different spatial scales. The results reveal an “east high, west low” spatial pattern and a clustered distribution of vulnerability in traditional villages across the region. From 2012 to 2019, the vulnerability levels fluctuated and intensified, with decreasing individual differences. The evolutionary characteristics of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity also displayed significant variations. Persistent and stable influences on village vulnerability were identified from factors such as land use scale, population density, gross domestic product, and land fragmentation. Based on these findings, strategic recommendations for village classification, protection, and development are proposed. Full article
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12 pages, 3191 KiB  
Article
20-Year Ecological Impact Analysis of Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage through Land Use
by Ning Zhang and Yongkuan Chi
Land 2023, 12(11), 1978; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12111978 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1349
Abstract
Changes in the spatial pattern of land use are inextricably linked to the ecosystem environment, and the assessment of regional eco-environment quality can help provide sustainable and healthy development strategies for heritage management organizations. In this study, based on RS and GIS technologies, [...] Read more.
Changes in the spatial pattern of land use are inextricably linked to the ecosystem environment, and the assessment of regional eco-environment quality can help provide sustainable and healthy development strategies for heritage management organizations. In this study, based on RS and GIS technologies, we quantitatively analyzed the characteristics of land use changes in the Shibing Karst World Natural Heritage site from 2000 to 2020, and introduced the regional eco-environment quality assessment index for quantitative factor analysis. The results show that: (1) The heritage site is mainly dominated by forest and shrub, with more aggregated cropland, and impervious surfaces in the buffer zone. The area of shrub has increased during the 20-year period, occupying 12.63% of the total transferred area. Cropland has been basically converted to forest, accounting for more than 60% of the total transferred area, followed by shrubs, which have been basically transferred to ecologically better land types. (2) By analyzing the attitude of motivation, forest, shrub, and water have positive values, while cropland, grassland, and impervious surfaces have negative values. Grassland has the largest absolute value of kinetic attitude, and the smallest is for water. The integrated dynamic attitude is basically maintained at 24%, showing a state of rapid and then stable land category conversion. (3) Over the past 20 years, the regional eco-environment quality index has been stable between 0.68 and 0.71, and shows a trend of rapid growth and stabilization, which is consistent with the comprehensive attitude. The conversion between cropland, forest, and shrubs is the main cause of ecological improvement and deterioration. Overall, the relevant conservation measures at the site and China’s corresponding responses to global climate change have led to a stabilization and increase in the regional ecological quality of the site. The management measures of the relevant authorities have begun to bear fruit, but further promotion of the sustainable development of the site is needed to provide a scientific model for the conservation of other karst heritage sites. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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20 pages, 909 KiB  
Article
Spatial Planning at the National Level: Comparison of Legal and Strategic Instruments in a Case Study of Belarus, Ukraine, and Poland
by Maciej Nowak, Viktoriya Pantyley, Małgorzata Blaszke, Liudmila Fakeyeva, Roman Lozynskyy and Alexandru-Ionut Petrisor
Land 2023, 12(7), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12071364 - 7 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Comparisons of spatial planning systems still require in-depth reflection, especially in Central and Eastern European countries. This article compares national (central) government approaches to spatial planning in Belarus, Ukraine and Poland, answering the following research questions: (1) How are spatial planning issues regulated [...] Read more.
Comparisons of spatial planning systems still require in-depth reflection, especially in Central and Eastern European countries. This article compares national (central) government approaches to spatial planning in Belarus, Ukraine and Poland, answering the following research questions: (1) How are spatial planning issues regulated nationally? Which topics do laws focus on? What values and objectives are laws particularly emphasizing? (2) Are there any central/national strategic documents dealing with spatial planning, and which spatial issues do they address mostly? The article covers two key issues: comparing national approaches to spatial planning systems and comparing spatial planning issues in the three countries. We focus on statutory approaches and those contained in central-level strategic acts. In each country, spatial planning issues are covered by numerous laws, generating confusion when interpreting individual provisions. Our study makes an important, innovative contribution to the academic discussion by proposing a way of comparing and analyzing approaches of national authorities to spatial planning. Full article
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26 pages, 13660 KiB  
Article
Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Traditional Village Distribution in China
by Haoran Su, Yaowu Wang, Zhen Zhang and Wen Dong
Land 2022, 11(10), 1631; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101631 - 22 Sep 2022
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 3642
Abstract
Understanding the characteristics of the traditional village distribution contributes to the formulation of relevant protection and development strategies. We adopted a series of spatial analysis methods to investigate the characteristics of the traditional village distribution in China by using the watershed as the [...] Read more.
Understanding the characteristics of the traditional village distribution contributes to the formulation of relevant protection and development strategies. We adopted a series of spatial analysis methods to investigate the characteristics of the traditional village distribution in China by using the watershed as the research unit. Moreover, we conducted quantitative and qualitative analyses of the relevant influencing factors affecting the distribution pattern using Geodetector and mathematical statistics. The findings indicate that traditional villages are distributed unevenly across watershed units. High–High clusters tend to occur at the boundaries of first-level watersheds. Traditional villages have a clear agglomeration trend in space, with a concentrated and contiguous distribution pattern based on the “core density area–ring-core expansion group–belt area”. The key factors affecting the traditional village distribution are annual precipitation, annual average temperature, and river density. The traditional village number has a clear inverted U-shaped relationship with the annual average temperature, river density, and road density. The study reveals the complex and various characteristics of the traditional village distribution and its influence mechanism and offers scientific advice for traditional villages’ future protection and development. Full article
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24 pages, 28704 KiB  
Article
Spatial Structure and Corridor Construction of Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Case Study of the Ming Great Wall
by Feiyang Lin, Xuan Zhang, Zhiyao Ma and Yifu Zhang
Land 2022, 11(9), 1478; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11091478 - 4 Sep 2022
Cited by 20 | Viewed by 3085
Abstract
Exploring the spatial structure of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and constructing heritage corridors are conducive to the adaptive reuse of heritage and the improvement of the surviving environment, which is of great significance to the living inheritance of ICH. Guided by the concept [...] Read more.
Exploring the spatial structure of intangible cultural heritage (ICH) and constructing heritage corridors are conducive to the adaptive reuse of heritage and the improvement of the surviving environment, which is of great significance to the living inheritance of ICH. Guided by the concept of the heritage corridor, this study took the ICH along the Ming Great Wall as the research object. Kernel density estimation and a standard deviation ellipse analysis were used to explore the spatial structure and then combined with a suitability analysis of heritage corridors to further explore the spatial locations of corridors. A multifactor spatial superposition was carried out with the minimal cumulative resistance (MCR) method. The resistance factors, including land use type, elevation, slope, road system, river system, and the heritage corridors, were constructed. The results show that: (1) ICH along the Ming Great Wall forms a spatial pattern of “three cores and one belt”. The high-density core areas exist in Beijing and Liaoning, and the secondary core areas exist in northern Ningxia and southwestern Inner Mongolia. This results from the joint action of the natural, economic, and social environment. (2) On the whole, all kinds of ICH are distributed from southwest to northeast, among which folk art is particularly obvious. (3) The distribution trend of suitability is “high in the east and low in the west”. The high-suitability areas are mainly concentrated in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and Liaoning regions, while the low-suitability areas are concentrated in Gansu, Ningxia, and northern Inner Mongolia. Finally, this study discusses the appropriate development mode of the heritage corridors of the Ming Great Wall from the macrolevel to the mesolevel. Full article
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18 pages, 2463 KiB  
Article
Study on the Influence Mechanism of Intangible Cultural Heritage Distribution from Man–Land Relationship Perspective: A Case Study in Shandong Province
by Lin Meng, Chuanguang Zhu, Jie Pu, Bo Wen and Wentao Si
Land 2022, 11(8), 1225; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081225 - 3 Aug 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2931
Abstract
Spatial autocorrelation, cold and hot spot analysis, and standard deviation ellipse analysis were used to analyze the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Geodetectors were used to reveal the factors that influenced the distribution in Shandong Province. The results showed that: (1) [...] Read more.
Spatial autocorrelation, cold and hot spot analysis, and standard deviation ellipse analysis were used to analyze the spatial distribution of intangible cultural heritage (ICH). Geodetectors were used to reveal the factors that influenced the distribution in Shandong Province. The results showed that: (1) The ICH in Shandong Province covered most ICH types with the difference in the number of expressions of ICH of a different type. Traditional artistry, traditional art, traditional sports, recreation and acrobatics, and folk literature are the main types of ICH. (2) The spatial distribution of ICH showed a great difference. Multiple concentration areas and deficient areas were presented that followed the direction from southwest to northeast. (3) Man–land relationship-related factors such as population, waters, urban–rural size, and air temperature showed important influence on ICH distribution. The influence of interaction among influence factors is higher than a single factor. In summary, man–land relationships are the key factors that influenced ICH distribution. Full article
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20 pages, 1143 KiB  
Systematic Review
Landscape Character Assessment (LCA) in Historic Coal Mining Settings for Landscape Conservation: A Systematic Review
by Qi Liu, Nor Arbina Zainal Abidin, Nor Zarifah Maliki, Kailai Zhang, Zhi Li and Sha Liu
Land 2024, 13(9), 1396; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13091396 - 30 Aug 2024
Viewed by 769
Abstract
Landscape character assessment (LCA) is a crucial tool for conserving an area’s unique character. However, in our literature review, we found no data linking LCA to historic coal mining settings. This systematic review explores the ways in which the landscape character assessment (LCA) [...] Read more.
Landscape character assessment (LCA) is a crucial tool for conserving an area’s unique character. However, in our literature review, we found no data linking LCA to historic coal mining settings. This systematic review explores the ways in which the landscape character assessment (LCA) methodology has been applied, as well as the factors that influence it, in the conservation of historic coal mine landscapes. It focuses on three areas: analyzing the ways in which LCA has been applied in landscape conservation, proposing recommendations for the application of LCA in historic coal mine setting landscapes, and summarizing the factors that influence LCA in landscape conservation in historic coal mine settings. Methods: This study used the Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method to perform the systematic review. The whole review was selected from 2030 potential articles; a total of 21 articles were included. Results: This study demonstrates that the LCA approach can be operationalized in the conservation of environmental landscapes in historic coal mines by combining cluster analysis and multi-scale assessment and incorporating other theories. The quality of the results can be affected by factors such as the accuracy and completeness of the data and the complexity and tractability of the model. Conclusions: Future research should focus on improving the data capture technology, model complexity, and design of actionable models. Additionally, we recommend the strategies of enhancing stakeholder engagement and raising public awareness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Patrimony Assessment and Sustainable Land Resource Management)
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