Biodiversity and Biotechnological Applications of Microorganisms from Unusual and Extreme Environments

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Microbiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 3454

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Molecular and Applied Microbiology Lab, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, Via Irnerio 42, 40126 Bologna, Italy
Interests: bacterial degradation of contaminants; mechanisms of bacterial adaptation to toxic compounds; waste bioconversion into valuable compounds; metal-based nanoparticles; bacterial resistance/tolerance to metals; biodiversity in extreme environments and bioreactors; cave microbiology; bacterial genomics; anti-microbial strategies; biofilms; drug discovery from environmental bacterial isolates
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Guest Editor
Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
Interests: microbial life in extreme environments; halophiles; prokaryote; taxonomy and nomenclature
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Extreme and unusual environments are characterized by physical and chemical conditions that are adverse (or even lethal) to most known life forms. The extreme habitats are those presenting high or low temperatures, high ionic strength or pressure, or low water content. Additional forms of environmental stress include high levels of radiation, absence of sunlight, high concentration of toxic pollutants, and deep starvation conditions. To survive under extreme conditions, microorganisms have evolved adaptation/survival strategies based on the production of peculiar enzymes and secondary metabolites and/or the establishment of specific synergistic and/or competitive interactions with (micro)organisms thriving in the same habitat. These unusual and typically under-explored ecosystems (i.e., deep sea, hot springs, glaciers, deserts, hypersaline lakes, mines, caves, and highly contaminated sites) have proved to offer a unique reservoir of genetic diversity and biological source of microorganisms. In particular, new “omics” technologies have provided insights into the extraordinary biodiversity present in these environments and into the cellular metabolic mechanisms involved in the microbial adaptation strategies. Starting from these biodiversity studies, microorganisms with novel metabolic capabilities have been isolated and have been outlined for their potential uses in pharmaceutical, medical, environmental, and food fields.

Dr. Martina Cappelletti
Prof. Dr. Aharon Oren
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extremophiles
  • biodiversity in extreme environments
  • microbial life under stress conditions
  • microbial biotechnology
  • unusual ecosystems

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

16 pages, 1894 KiB  
Article
Identification of an Amylomaltase from the Halophilic Archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi by Functional Metagenomics: Structural and Functional Insights
by Claudia Leoni, Caterina Manzari, Hai Tran, Peter N. Golyshin, Graziano Pesole, Mariateresa Volpicella and Luigi R. Ceci
Life 2022, 12(1), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010085 - 7 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2473
Abstract
Amylomaltases are prokaryotic 4-α-glucanotransferases of the GH77 family. Thanks to the ability to modify starch, they constitute a group of enzymes of great interest for biotechnological applications. In this work we report the identification, by means of a functional metagenomics screening of the [...] Read more.
Amylomaltases are prokaryotic 4-α-glucanotransferases of the GH77 family. Thanks to the ability to modify starch, they constitute a group of enzymes of great interest for biotechnological applications. In this work we report the identification, by means of a functional metagenomics screening of the crystallization waters of the saltern of Margherita di Savoia (Italy), of an amylomaltase gene from the halophilic archaeon Haloquadratum walsbyi, and its expression in Escherichia coli cells. Sequence analysis indicated that the gene has specific insertions yet unknown in homologous genes in prokaryotes, and present only in amylomaltase genes identified in the genomes of other H. walsbyi strains. The gene is not part of any operon involved in the metabolism of maltooligosaccharides or glycogen, as it has been found in bacteria, making it impossible currently to assign a precise role to the encoded enzyme. Sequence analysis of the H. walsbyi amylomaltase and 3D modelling showed a common structure with homologous enzymes characterized in mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria. The recombinant H. walsbyi enzyme showed starch transglycosylation activity over a wide range of NaCl concentrations, with maltotriose as the best acceptor substrate compared to other maltooligosaccharides. This is the first study of an amylomaltase from a halophilic microorganism. Full article
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