Life | November 2024 - Browse Articles

25 pages, 2124 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Seaweed Nutritional Value and Bioactive Properties: Insights from Ascophyllum nodosum, Palmaria palmata, and Chondrus crispus

by Natália Čmiková, Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski, Dominik Kmiecik, Aneta Tomczak, Agnieszka Drożdżyńska, Mariusz Ślachciński, Łukasz Szala, Sanja Matić, Tijana Marković, Suzana Popović, Dejan Baskic and Miroslava Kačániová

Life 2024, 14(11), 1522; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111522 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This study investigates the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Palmaria palmata (dulse), Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack), and Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Understanding the nutritional values of these seaweeds is very important due to their potential health benefits, especially their antioxidant properties and cytotoxic [...] Read more.

This study investigates the nutritional composition and bioactive properties of Palmaria palmata (dulse), Ascophyllum nodosum (knotted wrack), and Chondrus crispus (Irish moss). Understanding the nutritional values of these seaweeds is very important due to their potential health benefits, especially their antioxidant properties and cytotoxic activities, which point to their ability to inhibit cancer cell proliferation. Comprehensive analyses were conducted to assess protein content, amino acid composition, mineral profile, fatty acids, polyphenols, total carotenoids, antioxidant activity, and cytotoxicity against cervical (HeLa), and colon (HCT-116) cell lines. P. palmata exhibited the highest protein content, while C. crispus was richest in calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc. Amino acid analysis revealed C. crispus as being particularly high in essential and non-essential amino acids, including alanine, glutamic acid, and glycine. A. nodosum and C. crispus were rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), notably eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). A. nodosum showed the highest total carotenoid content. Polyphenol analysis highlighted the presence of compounds such as p-coumaric acid, gallic acid, and p-hydroxybenzoic acid across the species. Both the ethanolic and hexane A. nodosum extracts demonstrated the strongest antioxidant potential in DPPH^• and ABTS⁺ assays. The cytotoxicity evaluation revealed high anticancer activity of A. nodosum and C. crispus hexane extract against HeLa and HCT-116, though it employed cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. A. nodosum hexane extract exhibited moderate selective anticancer activity against HCT-116. These findings underscore the nutritional diversity and potential health benefits of these macroalgae (seaweed) species, suggesting their suitability as functional foods or supplements, offering diverse nutritional and therapeutic benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Natural Compounds: Therapeutic Insights and Applications)

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14 pages, 3154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Prediction Model of Late Fetal Growth Restriction with Machine Learning Algorithms

by Seon Ui Lee, Sae Kyung Choi, Yun Sung Jo, Jeong Ha Wie, Jae Eun Shin, Yeon Hee Kim, Kicheol Kil and Hyun Sun Ko

Life 2024, 14(11), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111521 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinical model to predict late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective study included seven hospitals and was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. Two sets of variables from the first trimester until 13 weeks [...] Read more.

Background: This study aimed to develop a clinical model to predict late-onset fetal growth restriction (FGR). Methods: This retrospective study included seven hospitals and was conducted between January 2009 and December 2020. Two sets of variables from the first trimester until 13 weeks (E1) and the early third trimester until 28 weeks (T1) were used to develop the FGR prediction models using a machine learning algorithm. The dataset was randomly divided into training and test sets (7:3 ratio). A simplified prediction model using variables with XGBoost’s embedded feature selection was developed and validated. Results: Precisely 32,301 patients met the eligibility criteria. In the prediction model for the whole cohort, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.73 at E1 and 0.78 at T1 and the area under the precision-recall curve (AUPR) was 0.23 at E1 and 0.31 at T1 in the training set, while an AUC of 0.62 at E1 and 0.73 at T1 and an AUPR if 0.13 at E1, and 0.24 at T1 were obtained in the test set. The simplified prediction model performed similarly to the original model. Conclusions: A simplified machine learning model for predicting late FGR may be useful for evaluating individual risks in the early third trimester. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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13 pages, 1399 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Verbascum ponticum (Stef.) Extract Induces Lung Cancer Apoptosis via Mitochondrial-Dependent Apoptosis Pathway

by Pawan S. Faris

Life 2024, 14(11), 1520; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111520 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma remains a significant health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional medicines play a central role in cancer therapy, with plant-derived bioactive compounds being studied for their potential to offer fewer side effects than conventional treatments. In [...] Read more.

Non-small-cell lung carcinoma remains a significant health concern due to its high incidence and mortality rates. Traditional medicines play a central role in cancer therapy, with plant-derived bioactive compounds being studied for their potential to offer fewer side effects than conventional treatments. In traditional Kurdish medicine, different Verbascum species are used to treat burns, inflammation, and other conditions. While some species extracts have shown cytotoxic effects against several cancer cell lines like A549, the efficacy and mechanisms of action of the other species like Verbascum ponticum (V. ponticum) remain to be elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of V. ponticum (Stef.) extract, collected from the Kurdistan region of the Iraq mountains, on A549 cells. A comprehensive approach was employed, utilizing immunocytochemical and functional analyses to assess apoptotic morphology, DNA fragmentation, alongside assays for cellular and mitochondrial function, proliferation, and viability. Additionally, the study investigated AIF mitochondrial translocation and evaluated mitochondrial membrane potential using the Rhodamine 123 assay. The results showed that the V. ponticum flower extract induced mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis in A549 cells via disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, release of AIF, and translocation to the nucleus, independently of the caspase-3-activation pathway. These findings emphasize the potential of V. ponticum in lung cancer strategic treatments, meriting further phytochemical studies to identify the bioactive compounds it contains. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Therapeutic Effects of Natural Products on Human Diseases: 2nd Edition)

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14 pages, 1007 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Insights into the Risk Factors and Outcomes of Post-COVID-19 Syndrome—Results from a Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study in Romania

by Ioana Bejan, Corneliu Petru Popescu and Simona Maria Ruta

Life 2024, 14(11), 1519; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111519 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome represents a cluster of persistent symptoms following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can severely affect quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology in different regions are still under evaluation. To assess the outcomes [...] Read more.

Post-Coronavirus Disease 2019 (post-COVID-19) syndrome represents a cluster of persistent symptoms following Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection that can severely affect quality of life. The pathogenic mechanisms and epidemiology in different regions are still under evaluation. To assess the outcomes of post-COVID-19 syndrome, we performed a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional study in previously infected individuals. Out of 549 respondents, (male:female ratio: 0.32), 29.5% had persistent symptoms at 3 months, 23.5% had persistent symptoms at 6 months, and 18.3% had persistent symptoms at 12 months after the initial infection. The most common symptoms included fatigue (8.7%), sleep disturbances (7.1%), and cognitive impairment (6.4%). The risk of developing post-COVID-19 syndrome increased for those with more symptoms in the acute phase (OR 4.24, p < 0.001) and those experiencing reinfections (OR 2.405, p < 0.001), while SARS-CoV-2 vaccination halved the risk (OR = 0.489, p = 0.004). Individuals with post-COVID-19 syndrome had a 5.7-fold higher risk of being diagnosed with a new chronic condition, with 44% reporting cardiovascular disease, and a 6.8-fold higher likelihood of needing medical care or leave. Affected individuals reported significant impairments in mobility, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression, with 20.7% needing to adjust their work schedules. Overall, patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome require ongoing monitoring and rehabilitation, and further socio-economic impact studies are needed. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health Before, During, and After COVID-19)

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13 pages, 2079 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Spinal Neuromodulation for Respiratory Rehabilitation in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome

by Alexander Ovechkin, Tatiana Moshonkina, Natalia Shamantseva, Vsevolod Lyakhovetskii, Aastha Suthar, Niraj Tharu, Alex Ng and Yury Gerasimenko

Life 2024, 14(11), 1518; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111518 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

(1) Background: Neurological deficits associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exacerbate respiratory dysfunction, necessitating rehabilitation strategies that address both. Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) can facilitate the excitation of respiratory spinal neural networks in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Neurological deficits associated with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) exacerbate respiratory dysfunction, necessitating rehabilitation strategies that address both. Previous studies have demonstrated that spinal cord transcutaneous stimulation (scTS) can facilitate the excitation of respiratory spinal neural networks in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. This study evaluates the efficacy of combining scTS with respiratory training (RT) to improve respiratory function in individuals with post-COVID-19 pulmonary deficits; (2) Methods: In this before–after, case-controlled clinical trial, five individuals with post-acute COVID-19 respiratory deficits participated in two interventional programs: 10 daily sessions of respiratory training (RT), followed by 10 daily sessions of scTS combined with RT (scTS + RT). Forced vital capacity (FVC), peak inspiratory flow (PIF), peak expiratory flow (PEF), time-to-peak inspiratory flow (tPIF), and time-to-peak expiratory flow (tPEF) were assessed at baseline and after each program; (3) Results: Compared to RT alone, the scTS + RT intervention resulted in an average effect size that was twice as large, with significant increases in FVC and PEF, and a significant decrease in tPEF; (4) Conclusions: The scTS-induced activation of respiratory neuronal networks, when combined with respiratory training, offers a promising therapeutic approach for treating persistent respiratory deficits in patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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15 pages, 3048 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Olfactory Selection Preferences of Pagiophloeus tsushimanus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) Adults Toward Lauraceae Plants

by Cong Chen, Zhaoyan Lin, Jingyi Du, Jingyi Huang, Chunmei Ling and Jianfeng Chen

Life 2024, 14(11), 1517; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111517 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Cinnamomum camphora is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species because of its high content of terpenoids. However, it is curious that Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, a recently recorded wood-boring pest, has widely infested C. camphora plantations across various administrative districts in Shanghai. The larvae, being [...] Read more.

Cinnamomum camphora is a broad-spectrum insect-repelling tree species because of its high content of terpenoids. However, it is curious that Pagiophloeus tsushimanus, a recently recorded wood-boring pest, has widely infested C. camphora plantations across various administrative districts in Shanghai. The larvae, being concealed within the trunk of C. camphora trees, exhibit characteristics such as hidden activity, strong destructiveness, and being difficult to control. While the primary host plant for P. tsushimanus is C. camphora, preliminary observations have shown that the pest can also complete its life cycle on Cinnamomum chekiangensis and Phoebe chekiangensis. To explore the host selection preference of this beetle, the present study aimed to investigate the olfactory selection behavior of P. tsushimanus adults towards C. camphora, C. chekiangensis, and P. chekiangensis. Results from choice and no-choice tests indicated that both male and female adults exhibited a feeding preference for C. camphora twigs, with females showing a preference for laying eggs on camphor tree twigs as well. Volatile compounds unique in camphor trees were significantly higher in relative content than those on the other two plants that were detected. The Y-shaped olfactometer experiments and electroantennography measurements results showed that male and female adults of P. tsushimanus had a positive chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. camphora and a negative chemotaxis towards volatiles released by C. chekiangensis or P. chekiangensis. Overall, the findings suggest that both male and female adults have a selective preference for volatiles released by the camphor tree, and this provides a theoretical basis for monitoring and controlling the occurrence of this weevil pest. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Chemosensory-Based Behaviorally, Physiologically, and Molecularly Manipulated Technology of Pest Insects)

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10 pages, 871 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Catheter-Directed Arterial Thrombolysis with a Low-Dose Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen Activator Regimen for Acute Lower Limb Ischemia—Results of the First Regional Registry of Acute Limb Ischemia in Romania

by Sorin Barac, Roxana Ramona Onofrei, Octavian Barbu, Stelian Pantea, Cristina Pleșoianu, Ciprian Gîndac, Bogdan Timar and Andreea Luciana Rață

Life 2024, 14(11), 1516; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111516 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Acute limb ischemia is a limb-threatening condition that is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity, with the latter related to acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis that can rapidly lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to [...] Read more.

Acute limb ischemia is a limb-threatening condition that is associated with a high degree of mortality and morbidity, with the latter related to acute kidney injury and rhabdomyolysis that can rapidly lead to multiple organ failure. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy and safety of catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis in acute lower limb ischemia in the Department of Vascular Surgery, Timișoara, Romania. A total of 158 patients (114 males—72.15% and 44 females—27.85%) with symptoms of acute lower limb ischemia were admitted and treated with catheter-directed arterial thrombolysis following our protocol. The amputation-free survival rate at 1 month after the thrombolysis was 82.3%, and at 6 months it was 77.85%. The performance of additional procedures to obtain distal perfusion was predictive of an improved outcome at 30 days. The estimated survival rate at 6 months was 84.81% (SE 0.02). The mean survival time was 158.74 days. We recommend the usage of a thrombolytic regimen in patients with a life expectancy of more than 6 months, even in Rutherford stage IIb patients, if there is no major impairment in the sensorial and mobility function of the ischemic leg. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Disease: Etiologic, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Research—2nd Edition)

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13 pages, 6369 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Pharmacological Activity of Cha-Miang (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) in High Fat Diet-Induced Insulin-Resistant Rats

by Jiraporn Laoung-on, Artorn Anuduang, Chalermpong Saenjum, Somdet Srichairatanakool, Kongsak Boonyapranai and Sakaewan Ounjaijean

Life 2024, 14(11), 1515; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111515 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Obesity, a major global health concern, is represented by an accumulation of adipose tissue and body mass, leading to a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Camellia sinensis var. assamica, known as cha-miang, contains catechin and its derivatives, which have been reported [...] Read more.

Obesity, a major global health concern, is represented by an accumulation of adipose tissue and body mass, leading to a higher incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Camellia sinensis var. assamica, known as cha-miang, contains catechin and its derivatives, which have been reported to affect several health-related concerns such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, and against cardiovascular disease. The research aimed to examine the anti-obesity and insulin resistance effects of fresh cha-miang extract (CME) and fermented cha-miang extract (FCME), and to investigate the anti-obesity and anti-diabetic effects of CME and FCME in obese rats generated by a high-fat diet. The extracts demonstrated significant antioxidant potential, with CME demonstrating greater DPPH radical scavenging activity, whereas FCME excelled in ABTS radical scavenging. In the animal model, CME and FCME significantly reduced body weight, plasma insulin levels, insulin resistance, and accumulation of fat compared to the obese control group. Moreover, plasma biochemical analysis indicated that both extracts enhanced lipid profiles by reducing cholesterol, triglycerides, and LDL-cholesterol levels, while elevating HDL-cholesterol. Histological analysis revealed decreased hepatic fat accumulation, especially when extracts were concurrently treated with metformin. The research indicates that CME and FCME, especially in conjunction with metformin, have potential anti-obesity and anti-insulin resistance benefits attributed to their abundant polyphenolic content and antioxidant characteristics. This indicates that cha-miang may serve as an effective option for the management of obesity and metabolic diseases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Green Medicine: Unraveling the Medicinal Effects of Plant Extracts and Functional Foods)

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17 pages, 2247 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Role of the Six-Minute Walk Test in the Functional Evaluation of the Efficacy of Rehabilitation Programs After COVID-19

by Diana-Lidia Tache-Codreanu, Lucian Bobocea, Iuliana David, Claudia-Camelia Burcea and Corina Sporea

Life 2024, 14(11), 1514; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111514 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Patients with COVID-19 suffering in the acute phase from both the sequelae of the disease and prolonged immobilization require a rehabilitation phase for functional recovery and a comprehensive functional evaluation. This study proposes using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as a global functional [...] Read more.

Patients with COVID-19 suffering in the acute phase from both the sequelae of the disease and prolonged immobilization require a rehabilitation phase for functional recovery and a comprehensive functional evaluation. This study proposes using the 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT) as a global functional assessment tool to quantify rehabilitation outcomes in post-COVID patients. Additionally, investigating the effect of High-Intensity Laser Therapy (HILT) on patients with musculoskeletal comorbidities was another key research question. Two post-COVID rehabilitation programs were retrospectively analyzed as follows: one consisting of kinesiotherapy combined with High-Intensity Laser Therapy for patients with musculoskeletal comorbidities and the other consisting of kinesiotherapy alone. Functional evaluation using 6MWT was conducted before and after 10 daily therapeutic sessions with 33 ambulatory patients divided into 2 groups (18 patients treated with HILT and kinesiotherapy vs. 15 patients treated with kinesiotherapy only). The 6MWT was successfully completed by 32 out of 33 patients (96.96%), with performance improvements ranging from 3% to 60% among patients. Statistical differences were also observed between the groups, suggesting that the 6MWT is a sensitive, objective, and valuable tool for functional assessment of post-COVID rehabilitation, supporting the potential benefits of HILT in enhancing functional recovery. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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17 pages, 3460 KiB

Open AccessReview

Bio-Food Quality, Environmental Pollution, and the Role of Algae in Promoting Human Health and Sustainability

by Lavinia-Lorena Pruteanu, Roxana Mare, Beatrice Mihalescu and Lorentz Jäntschi

Life 2024, 14(11), 1513; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111513 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Healthcare resources have changed fundamentally compared to decades ago. Modern bio-food products and sustainable solutions for their production have increased the attention of researchers, taking into account the current level of pollution of the earth and atmosphere along with modern technologies applied to [...] Read more.

Healthcare resources have changed fundamentally compared to decades ago. Modern bio-food products and sustainable solutions for their production have increased the attention of researchers, taking into account the current level of pollution of the earth and atmosphere along with modern technologies applied to processed foods. Therefore, this review aims to highlight: (1) the impact and relationship between the physiological parameters of the atmosphere, solar radiation and soil, (in terms of their composition and stages of formation and organization) along with the evolution to modern life; (2) the environmental impacts on algae, living organisms, food, and human health and sustainability. In addition, we address the significant impact of algae as a sustainable resource in reducing environmental pollution contributing to a healthier life. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Algae—a Step Forward in the Sustainability of Resources: 2nd Edition)

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10 pages, 997 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Assessment of Endothelial Function in Patients with COVID-19 Using Peripheral Arterial Tonometry

by Athanasios Moulias, Rafail Koros, Angeliki Papageorgiou, Spyridon Katechis, Panagiotis Patrinos, Aikaterini Trigka-Vasilakopoulou, Athanasios Papageorgiou, Ourania Papaioannou, Karolina Akinosoglou, Georgios Leventopoulos, Grigorios Tsigkas, Argyrios Tzouvelekis and Periklis Davlouros

Life 2024, 14(11), 1512; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111512 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 induces endothelial dysfunction that may precede thrombotic and cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT). The primary endpoint is the hyperemic vascular response index (LnRHI) at two [...] Read more.

There is increasing evidence that COVID-19 induces endothelial dysfunction that may precede thrombotic and cardiovascular complications. The aim of this study is to evaluate endothelial function using peripheral arterial tonometry (EndoPAT). The primary endpoint is the hyperemic vascular response index (LnRHI) at two months post-discharge. Secondary endpoints include the LnRHI during hospitalization and at six-month follow-up, the proportion of patients with endothelial dysfunction (LnRHI ≤ 0.51), and the incidence of thrombotic events, cardiovascular complications, and mortality during the follow-up period. The study included 23 COVID-19 patients and 22 COVID-19-negative, matched controls. The patients exhibited a significant reduction in the LnRHI at two months post-discharge compared to the controls (median = 0.55 [IQR: 0.49–0.68] vs. median = 0.70 [IQR: 0.62–0.83]; p = 0.012). The difference in the LnRHI between patients and controls was evident from hospitalization and persisted at two and six months without significant temporal changes. The proportion of COVID-19 patients with endothelial dysfunction (LnRHI ≤ 0.51) was 61% during hospitalization and 55% at six months. There was no significant difference in thrombotic or cardiovascular events, nor in mortality. This study demonstrates that COVID-19 adversely affects endothelial function, as evidenced by a reduction in the hyperemic vascular response index, and endothelial dysfunction may also persist. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 Investigations: Characteristics, Clinical Course, Prevention, Treatment and Prognosis)

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12 pages, 2318 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Phase Angle (PhA) Is an Easy and Complementary Tool for Assessing Nutritional Status in Ulcerative Colitis (UC) Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study

by Viridiana Montsserrat Mendoza-Martínez, Roberto Baños-Vázquez, Guillermo Melendez-Mier, Javier Ivanovychs Carrillo-Rojas, Martha Alison Santoyo-Chávez, Sarahi Ontiveros-López, Annel Gómez-Coello, Galileo Escobedo, Jorge Luis de León-Rendón and Nallely Bueno-Hernández

Life 2024, 14(11), 1511; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111511 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background: Accumulating evidence has proposed phase angle (PhA) as a marker for assessing cellular integrity and nutritional status in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients; the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of PhA in assessing nutritional status in patients with UC, [...] Read more.

Background: Accumulating evidence has proposed phase angle (PhA) as a marker for assessing cellular integrity and nutritional status in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients; the aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of PhA in assessing nutritional status in patients with UC, investigating its potential as a biomarker of disease activity. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study in patients with UC and healthy controls. We determined PhA by electrical bioimpedance and categorized participants through bioelectrical impedance analysis. They were classified as normal PhA > 6.1° and low PhA < 6.1° in men and normal PhA > 5.6° and low PhA < 5.6° in women. Results: PhA was significantly lower in UC patients than in controls (5.8 ± 0.8 vs. 6.6 ± 0.7°; p < 0.001). Among UC patients, participants with low PhA showed a decrease in lean, dry mass (LDM) (p < 0.001), total body water (p = 0.008), and intracellular water (p = 0.005), accompanied by an increase in extracellular water (p = 0.001) compared to UC patients with normal PhA. Conclusions: PhA significantly decreases in UC patients compared to healthy controls and is even more reduced when UC is active. A cut-off point of <6.1 for men and <5.6 for women could be suitable for nutritional diagnosis in patients with UC, but it still needs to be validated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gastrointestinal Health: Clinical Research and Therapeutic Innovations)

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13 pages, 3981 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fresh Hemorrhages in Intestinal Resection Margins Are Associated with Unfavorable Clinical Outcomes in Preterm Infants with Necrotizing Enterocolitis with Surgical Intervention

by Ole Schickedanz, Florian Friedmacher, Steffen Gretser, Yannick Braun, Peter Johanes Wild, Udo Rolle and Elise Gradhand

Life 2024, 14(11), 1510; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111510 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants. If conservative treatment does not respond, surgical removal of the necrotic section of bowel is common practice. This study investigates whether there is a correlation between the histopathological findings and the postoperative [...] Read more.

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common disease in premature infants. If conservative treatment does not respond, surgical removal of the necrotic section of bowel is common practice. This study investigates whether there is a correlation between the histopathological findings and the postoperative clinical course of the children who have undergone surgery. To date, only a few detailed studies on a possible correlation have been published. Methods: The surgical specimens of 49 infants diagnosed with NEC in the years 2010–2019 were re-evaluated. The histologic specimens were examined for tissue viability and hemorrhage of the resection margins, peritonitis or perforation of the central resection segment. The groups were divided according to the clinical outcome: death, postoperative complications and patients without complications. Results: 5 of 49 (10.2%) children died, 22 children (44.9%) required reoperation, while 22 (44.9%) had no complications. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed a significant association between fresh hemorrhage in the resection margins and postoperative outcome. In our data, correlation between the vitality of the resection margins or the extent of necrosis and the postoperative course was not seen. Conclusion: This retrospective study shows a significant correlation between a fresh hematoma in the tissue of the resection margin and the clinical prognosis. Fresh bleeding in the resection margins was associated with increased morbidity with stenosis and possibly another surgical intervention. In contrast, no further correlation was found between the vitality of the tunica mucosae, the tunica muscularis or peritonitis in the resection margin or central part of the NEC specimen and the clinical course. In summary, it can be said that the presence of a fresh hematoma at the resection margin is significantly linked to a poorer clinical outcome for the infants with NEC surgery. Other histopathological findings of the surgical specimen with regard to the clinical course show now significant correlation and, therefore, the histological examination mainly serves the medico-legal documentation and quality assurance of the NEC operation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Physiology and Pathology: 2nd Edition)

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9 pages, 597 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Therapy for Non-Diabetic Foot Infections After Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Surgery: The Duration of Post-Debridement Antibiotic Treatment Does Not Alter Failure Risk

by Martina Scherer, Laura Soldevila-Boixader, İnci Yιldιz, Franziska C. S. Altorfer, Pascal R. Furrer, Silvan Beeler, Stephan H. Wirth, Arnd Viehöfer and İlker Uçkay

Life 2024, 14(11), 1509; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111509 - 20 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Despite growing numbers of scientific publications on the optimal antibiotic treatment for diabetic foot infections, the data on the adult population with non-diabetic (postsurgical) foot infections is limited. Therefore, one of the largest single-center databases at the Balgrist University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, [...] Read more.

Despite growing numbers of scientific publications on the optimal antibiotic treatment for diabetic foot infections, the data on the adult population with non-diabetic (postsurgical) foot infections is limited. Therefore, one of the largest single-center databases at the Balgrist University Hospital in Zurich, Switzerland, was established between January 2014 and August 2022. Using a case–control study design, we retrospectively investigated failures of combined surgical and antibiotic therapy for surgical site foot infections (SSIs). Overall, 17.4% of the episodes experienced therapeutic failures, particularly in patients with infected ankle prostheses. However, age, biological sex, pathogens, the duration of post-debridement antibiotic treatment, the number of surgical debridements, or the use of negative-pressure wound care altered the failure risk. In the multivariate logistic regression analyses, the duration of postsurgical antibiotic use was completely indifferent (as a continuous variable with an odds ratio of 1.0 and a 95% confidence interval ranging from 0.96 to 1.03) when stratified into inter-tertiary groups. Our findings suggest that shorter courses of systemic antibiotics may be appropriate in non-diabetic adults, supporting better antibiotic stewardship. Ongoing randomized controlled trials are under way to investigate which patients might safely receive shorter antibiotic treatments for surgical site infections following elective foot and ankle procedures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advancements in Total Joint Arthroplasty)

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16 pages, 2242 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design of Ctenophore Ca²⁺-Regulated Photoprotein Berovin Capable of Being Converted into Active Protein Under Physiological Conditions: Computational and Experimental Approaches

by Ludmila P. Burakova, Nikita V. Ivanisenko, Natalia V. Rukosueva, Vladimir A. Ivanisenko and Eugene S. Vysotski

Life 2024, 14(11), 1508; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111508 - 19 Nov 2024

Viewed by 249

Abstract

Here, we describe (1) the AlphaFold-based structural modeling approach to identify amino acids of the photoprotein berovin that are crucial for coelenterazine binding, and (2) the production and characterization of berovin mutants with substitutions of the identified residues regarding their effects on the [...] Read more.

Here, we describe (1) the AlphaFold-based structural modeling approach to identify amino acids of the photoprotein berovin that are crucial for coelenterazine binding, and (2) the production and characterization of berovin mutants with substitutions of the identified residues regarding their effects on the ability to form an active photoprotein under physiological conditions and stability to light irradiation. The combination of mutations K90M, N107S, and W103F is demonstrated to cause a shift of optimal conditions for the conversion of apo-berovin into active photoprotein towards near-neutral pH and low ionic strength, and to reduce the sensitivity of active berovin to light. According to the berovin spatial structure model, these residues are found in close proximity to the 6-(p-hydroxy)-phenyl group of the coelenterazine peroxyanion. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Bioluminescence)

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13 pages, 778 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Mitophagy and Apoptosis Related Gene Expressions in Waste Embryo Culture Medium of Female Infertility Types

by Duygu Kütük, Çağrı Öner, Murat Başar, Berkay Akcay, İbrahim Orçun Olcay, Ertuğrul Çolak, Belgin Selam and Mehmet Cincik

Life 2024, 14(11), 1507; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111507 - 19 Nov 2024

Viewed by 334

Abstract

Mitochondria is an important organelle for the oocyte-to-embryo transition in the early embryonic development period. The oocyte uses mitochondria functionally and its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content as the main energy source in the embryo development at the preimplantation stage. The aim of this [...] Read more.

Mitochondria is an important organelle for the oocyte-to-embryo transition in the early embryonic development period. The oocyte uses mitochondria functionally and its mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content as the main energy source in the embryo development at the preimplantation stage. The aim of this study is to compare mitophagic, apoptotic and humanin gene expressions from the culture medium fluid in which embryos are developed and monitored among normoresponder (NOR), polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), young and older patients with poor ovarian reserve (POR). The study groups consisted of infertile patients who applied to the Bahçeci Umut IVF Center as NOR (Control), PCOS, POR-Advanced (POR-A) and POR-Young (POR-Y). After the isolation of total RNA from the collected samples, MFN1, MFN2, PINK1, PARKIN, SMN1, SMN2, p53 and Humanin gene expressions were determined by Real Time-PCR. The average age of only the POR-A was determined to be higher than the NOR (p < 0.001). The MFN1, SMN2 (p < 0.05), Humanin and p53 gene expressions (p < 0.001) increased, while PINK1 gene expression decreased (p < 0.05), in the POR-Y compared to the NOR. A decrease in MFN2, PARKIN (p < 0.05) and PINK1 gene expressions was determined in the PCOS compared to the NOR (p < 0.001). Furthermore, a decrease was observed in MFN2, PINK1 (p < 0.001) and Humanin gene expressions compared to the NOR (p < 0.05). The current data are the first in the literature determining the apoptotic and mitophagic status of the oocyte. The current results prove that waste embryo culture fluid may provide a non-invasive profile for important cellular parameters such as mitochondrial dysfunction in female infertility. The evaluation of significant cellular parameters can be performed much earlier without any intervention into the embryo. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Comorbidities in Gynecologic Diseases: A Holistic Approach to Women’s Health)

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9 pages, 223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Perioperative Anti-Fibrotic Treatment Prevents Acute Exacerbation of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis After Lung Cancer Surgery

by Stefano Bongiolatti, Alberto Salvicchi, Elisabetta Rosi, Elena Bargagli, Giovanni Mugnaini, Alessandro Gonfiotti, Federico Lavorini, Paolo Spagnolo, Andrea Dell’Amore, Federico Rea and Luca Voltolini

Life 2024, 14(11), 1506; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111506 - 19 Nov 2024

Viewed by 254

Abstract

Background: The surgical treatment of concomitant lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is challenging due to the risk of life-threatening complications such as acute exacerbation development in the perioperative period. Few studies have investigated the role of anti-fibrotic drugs in this [...] Read more.

Background: The surgical treatment of concomitant lung cancer in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is challenging due to the risk of life-threatening complications such as acute exacerbation development in the perioperative period. Few studies have investigated the role of anti-fibrotic drugs in this setting. The aim of this multicenter retrospective study was to evaluate the incidence of acute exacerbation, according to Collard, after lung resection in patients affected by concomitant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and lung cancer who were or were not on antifibrotic treatment. Secondary outcomes included: 30 and 90-day mortality and an estimation of overall and disease-free survival. Material and Methods: The study population consisted of patients affected by idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis who received curative-intent lung surgery in three Italian academic centers between 2015 and 2022. Patients were divided into two groups based on whether they were on perioperative treatment with anti-fibrotic drugs (chronical or prophylactic use) or not. To define predictors of acute exacerbation, univariate and multivariable exact logistic regression analysis were performed. The Kaplan–Meier method with log-rank test was used to estimate survival. Results: During the study period, n = 55 patients underwent lung resection for lung cancer, including 29 patients who were treated with antifibrotic agents. Although the sample size was small and few events were studied, the incidence of acute exacerbation was significantly lower among patient on anti-fibrotic therapy (3.4% vs. 23.1%, p = 0.044); in addition, anti-fibrotic treatment was the strong factor preventing acute exacerbation at the multivariable analysis (OR 0.089, p = 0.038). Post-operative 30- and 90-day mortality rates were not significantly lower in the anti-fibrotic treatment group (0% and 0% vs. 7.7% and 11.5%, p = 0.21 and p = 0.099, respectively). Overall and disease-free survival rates were similar. Conclusions: Considering the limitations of this retrospective study with a small sample size, anti-fibrotic perioperative treatment was associated with reduced incidence of acute exacerbation. Based on these real-world data, this pathway could be proposed as a prophylactic treatment in patients with concomitant idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and cancer undergoing lung resection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Paper in Physiology and Pathology: 2nd Edition)

18 pages, 2519 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

A Tissue-Engineered Construct Based on a Decellularized Scaffold and the Islets of Langerhans: A Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Model

by Victor I. Sevastianov, Anna S. Ponomareva, Natalia V. Baranova, Aleksandra D. Belova, Lyudmila A. Kirsanova, Alla O. Nikolskaya, Eugenia G. Kuznetsova, Elizaveta O. Chuykova, Nikolay N. Skaletskiy, Galina N. Skaletskaya, Evgeniy A. Nemets, Yulia B. Basok and Sergey V. Gautier

Life 2024, 14(11), 1505; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111505 - 19 Nov 2024

Viewed by 353

Abstract

Producing a tissue-engineered pancreas based on a tissue-specific scaffold from a decellularized pancreas, imitating the natural pancreatic tissue microenvironment and the islets of Langerhans, is one of the approaches to treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this work [...] Read more.

Producing a tissue-engineered pancreas based on a tissue-specific scaffold from a decellularized pancreas, imitating the natural pancreatic tissue microenvironment and the islets of Langerhans, is one of the approaches to treating patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aim of this work was to investigate the ability of a fine-dispersed tissue-specific scaffold (DP scaffold) from decellularized human pancreas fragments to support the islets’ survival and insulin-producing function when injected in a streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model. The developed decellularization protocol allows us to obtain a scaffold with a low DNA content (33 [26; 38] ng/mg of tissue, p < 0.05) and with the preservation of GAGs (0.92 [0.84; 1.16] µg/mg, p < 0.05) and fibrillar collagen (273.7 [241.2; 303.0] µg/mg, p < 0.05). Rat islets of Langerhans were seeded in the obtained scaffolds. The rats with stable T1DM were treated by intraperitoneal injections of rat islets alone and islets seeded on the DP scaffold. The blood glucose level was determined for 10 weeks with a histological examination of experimental animals’ pancreas. A more pronounced decrease in the recipient rats’ glycemia was detected after comparing the islets seeded on the DP scaffold with the control injection (by 71.4% and 51.2%, respectively). It has been shown that the DP scaffold facilitates a longer survival and the efficient function of pancreatic islets in vivo and can be used to engineer a pancreas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)

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15 pages, 517 KiB

Open AccessReview

Update on Genitourinary Syndrome of Menopause: A Scoping Review of a Tailored Treatment-Based Approach

by Ilaria Cuccu, Tullio Golia D’Augè, Ilaria Firulli, Emanuele De Angelis, Giovanni Buzzaccarini, Ottavia D’Oria, Aris Raad Besharat, Donatella Caserta, Giorgio Bogani, Ludovico Muzii, Violante Di Donato and Andrea Giannini

Life 2024, 14(11), 1504; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111504 - 19 Nov 2024

Viewed by 546

Abstract

This scoping review explores the therapeutic strategies available for managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), a condition often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite significantly affecting women’s quality of life. GSM results from decreased estrogen levels during menopause, leading to a range of symptoms including [...] Read more.

This scoping review explores the therapeutic strategies available for managing genitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM), a condition often underdiagnosed and undertreated despite significantly affecting women’s quality of life. GSM results from decreased estrogen levels during menopause, leading to a range of symptoms including vulvovaginal atrophy and urinary tract issues. Material and Methods: we screened the literature for original studies with “menopause”, “hormonal therapy”, “vulvovaginal atrophy”, “urinary incontinence”, “urinary infections”, “genitourinary syndrome”. Results: A total of 451 relevant articles were retrieved. After screening, 19 articles were included in this scoping review. Discussion: First-line treatments typically include lubricants and moisturizers for short-term symptom relief, while unresolved or severe cases may warrant hormonal treatment. Topical hormonal treatments often have fewer side effects than systemic alternatives. Special attention is given to selective estrogen receptor modulators like ospemifene and steroid hormones like dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), which have shown beneficial effects on GSM symptoms. Moreover, innovative therapeutic approaches, such as laser treatment, are discussed in the context of their efficacy and accessibility. The safety of GSM hormonal therapy in women with a history or risk of cancer is also addressed, noting the need for more definitive research in this area. While there is a growing demand for tailored therapy, this scoping review emphasizes the importance of effective communication and counseling to allow women to make informed decisions about their treatment. Overall, this review underscores the need for increased awareness and further research into effective treatment options for GSM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Understanding Comorbidities in Gynecologic Diseases: A Holistic Approach to Women’s Health)

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19 pages, 566 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Association of Shift Work, Sociodemographic Variables and Healthy Habits with Obesity Scales

by Javier Tosoratto, Pedro Juan Tárraga López, Ángel Arturo López-González, Daniela Vallejos, Emilio Martínez-Almoyna Rifá and José Ignacio Ramirez-Manent

Life 2024, 14(11), 1503; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111503 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 362

Abstract

Background: Shift work has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits and a higher prevalence of obesity, which negatively impacts the health of shift workers. The objective of our study was to examine the influence of shift work on obesity, as well as on [...] Read more.

Background: Shift work has been associated with unhealthy lifestyle habits and a higher prevalence of obesity, which negatively impacts the health of shift workers. The objective of our study was to examine the influence of shift work on obesity, as well as on sociodemographic variables, anthropometric measurements, and lifestyle habits in individuals working this type of schedule. Methods: An observational, cross-sectional, descriptive study involving 53,053 workers from various labour sectors across several Spanish autonomous communities was conducted. It included 31,753 men (17,527 of them working shifts) and 21,300 women (11,281 of them working shifts). The relationship between shift work and obesity was examined, as well as its association with sex, age, social class, education level, smoking, alcohol consumption, sedentary behaviour, and unhealthy diet. Results: Obesity showed higher prevalence and mean values among shift workers across all four formulas used (BMI obesity, WtHR high, CUN BAE obesity, METS-VF high). All variables related to unhealthy lifestyle habits revealed a significantly greater prevalence among shift workers, with high statistical significance (p < 0.001). Age, sex, and social class affected the risk of obesity, with a greater prevalence observed in shift workers compared to non-shift workers (p < 0.001). Men had a higher risk than women, with an OR ranging from 1.17 (1.12–1.21) for BMI obesity to 7.45 (6.71–8.20) for METS-VF high. Conclusions: Shift workers exhibit a higher prevalence of obesity and unhealthy lifestyle habits, with men at greater risk. The variables that most significantly increase the risk of obesity include age, physical inactivity, low adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and alcohol consumption. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)

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18 pages, 1223 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Evaluation of Iraqi Kurdistan Tomato Accessions Under Drought Stress Conditions Using Polyethylene Glycol-6000

by Nawroz Abdul-razzak Tahir, Kamaran Salh Rasul, Djshwar Dhahir Lateef, Rebwar Rafat Aziz and Jalal Omer Ahmed

Life 2024, 14(11), 1502; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111502 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 541

Abstract

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and productivity, and plant stress responses are affected by both the intensity of stress and genotype. In Iraqi Kurdistan, tomato plants play a significant role in the country’s economy. Due to [...] Read more.

Drought is one of the major abiotic stresses that affect plant growth and productivity, and plant stress responses are affected by both the intensity of stress and genotype. In Iraqi Kurdistan, tomato plants play a significant role in the country’s economy. Due to climate change, which causes soil moisture to diminish, the crop’s growth and yield have been dropping in recent years. Accordingly, the effects of simulated drought stress on germination parameters were assessed in 64 tomato accessions gathered from the Iraqi Kurdistan region in order to identify sensitive and tolerant accessions. In this respect, the responses associated with drought stress were observed phenotypically and biochemically. Germination percentage (GP) and morphological characteristics such as root length (RL), shoot length (SL), and shoot fresh weight (SFW) were significantly reduced in both stress treatments with polyethylene glycol (PEG-6000) (7.5% PEG and 15% PEG). On the other hand, significant changes in biochemical profiles such as proline content (PC), soluble sugar content (SSC), total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activity (AC), guaiacol peroxidase (GPA), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LP) in tomato accessions were detected; all biochemical traits were increased in most tomato accessions under the PEG-induced treatments compared to the control treatment (0.0% PEG). Three tomato accessions (AC61 (Raza Pashayi), AC9 (Wrdi Be Tow), and AC63 (Sandra)) were found to be the most tolerant accessions under all drought conditions, whereas the performances of the other tested accessions (AC13 (Braw), AC30 (Yadgar), and AC8 (Israili)) were inferior. The OMIC analysis identified the biomarker parameters for differentiating the highly, moderately, and low tolerant groups as PC, SSC, and TPC. This study shows that early PEG-6000 screening for drought stress may help in choosing a genotype that is suitable for growth in water-stressed environments. Hence, Raza Pashayi, Wrdi Be Tow, and Sandra accessions, which had great performances under drought conditions, can be candidates for selection in a breeding program to improve the growth of plants and production in the areas that face water limits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 2024)

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19 pages, 1485 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Decoding Imagined Speech from EEG Data: A Hybrid Deep Learning Approach to Capturing Spatial and Temporal Features

by Yasser F. Alharbi and Yousef A. Alotaibi

Life 2024, 14(11), 1501; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111501 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 457

Abstract

Neuroimaging is revolutionizing our ability to investigate the brain’s structural and functional properties, enabling us to visualize brain activity during diverse mental processes and actions. One of the most widely used neuroimaging techniques is electroencephalography (EEG), which records electrical activity from the brain [...] Read more.

Neuroimaging is revolutionizing our ability to investigate the brain’s structural and functional properties, enabling us to visualize brain activity during diverse mental processes and actions. One of the most widely used neuroimaging techniques is electroencephalography (EEG), which records electrical activity from the brain using electrodes positioned on the scalp. EEG signals capture both spatial (brain region) and temporal (time-based) data. While a high temporal resolution is achievable with EEG, spatial resolution is comparatively limited. Consequently, capturing both spatial and temporal information from EEG data to recognize mental activities remains challenging. In this paper, we represent spatial and temporal information obtained from EEG signals by transforming EEG data into sequential topographic brain maps. We then apply hybrid deep learning models to capture the spatiotemporal features of the EEG topographic images and classify imagined English words. The hybrid framework utilizes a sequential combination of three-dimensional convolutional neural networks (3DCNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs). The experimental results reveal the effectiveness of the proposed approach, achieving an average accuracy of 77.8% in identifying imagined English speech. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Advances in Neuroimaging and Brain Functions: 2nd Edition)

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35 pages, 735 KiB

Open AccessReview

Unlocking New Therapeutic Options for Vincristine-Induced Neuropathic Pain: The Impact of Preclinical Research

by Ciprian Pușcașu, Simona Negreș, Cristina Elena Zbârcea and Cornel Chiriță

Life 2024, 14(11), 1500; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111500 - 17 Nov 2024

Viewed by 723

Abstract

Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, is used in chemotherapy protocols for cancers such as acute leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, neuroblastoma, cervical carcinoma, lymphomas, breast cancer, and melanoma. Among the common adverse effects of vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, with most patients receiving a cumulative dose over [...] Read more.

Vincristine, a vinca alkaloid, is used in chemotherapy protocols for cancers such as acute leukemia, Hodgkin’s disease, neuroblastoma, cervical carcinoma, lymphomas, breast cancer, and melanoma. Among the common adverse effects of vincristine is peripheral neuropathy, with most patients receiving a cumulative dose over 4 mg/m² who develop varying degrees of sensory neuropathy. The onset of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy can greatly affect patients’ quality of life, often requiring dose adjustments or the discontinuation of treatment. Moreover, managing vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy is challenging, with few effective therapeutic strategies available. In the past decade, preclinical studies have explored diverse substances aimed at preventing or alleviating VIPN. Our review consolidates these findings, focusing on the analgesic efficacy and potential mechanisms of various agents, including pharmaceutical drugs, natural compounds, and antioxidants, that show promise in reducing neuropathic pain and protecting neural integrity in preclinical models. Key novel therapeutic options, such as metabolic agents (liraglutide), enzyme inhibitors (ulinastatin), antipsychotics (aripiprazole), interleukin-1 receptor antagonists (anakinra), hormones (oxytocin), and antioxidants (thioctic acid), are highlighted for their neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Through this synthesis, we aim to enhance the current understanding of VIPN management by identifying pharmacological strategies that target critical molecular pathways, laying the groundwork for future clinical studies. By clarifying these novel pharmacological approaches and elucidating their mechanisms of action, this review provides a foundation for developing more effective VIPN treatment strategies to ultimately improve patient outcomes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Natural Bioactives: Exploring Their Therapeutic Potential)

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15 pages, 2327 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Electroacupuncture Regulates Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Expression in a Mouse Fibromyalgia Model: Pharmacological and Chemogenetic Modulation

by Yu-An Yeh, Hsin-Cheng Hsu, Ming-Chia Lin, Tzu-Shan Chen, Wei-Cheng Lin, Hsiang-Ming Huang and Yi-Wen Lin

Life 2024, 14(11), 1499; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111499 - 17 Nov 2024

Viewed by 623

Abstract

Fibromyalgia is a chronic illness usually accompanied by long-lasting, general pain throughout the body, often accompanied by anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disruption. Meanwhile, doctors and scientists have not entirely discovered detailed mechanisms; patients always have an exaggerated sensation to pervasive pain without [...] Read more.

Fibromyalgia is a chronic illness usually accompanied by long-lasting, general pain throughout the body, often accompanied by anxiety, depression, fatigue, and sleep disruption. Meanwhile, doctors and scientists have not entirely discovered detailed mechanisms; patients always have an exaggerated sensation to pervasive pain without satisfied medical service. Given the lack of knowledge on its underlying mechanism, current treatments aim to provide pain and/or symptom relief. The present study aimed to clarify the role of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) signaling in a mouse fibromyalgia pain model. To develop the mouse fibromyalgia model, mice were subjected to intermittent cold stress (ICS). Our results indicated that mechanical (2.09 ± 0.09 g) and thermal hyperalgesia (4.77 ± 0.29 s), which were evaluated by von Frey and Hargraves’ tests, were induced by ICS, suggesting successful modeling. The hurting replies were then provoked by electroacupuncture (EA) but not for sham EA mice. Further, in a Western blot analysis, we found significantly decreased CB1 protein levels in the thalamus, somatosensory cortex, and anterior cingulate cortex. In addition, the levels of pain-related protein kinases and transcription factor were increased. Treatment with EA reliably increased CB1 expression in various brain regions sequentially alleviated by nociceptive mediators. Furthermore, the administration of a CB1 agonist significantly attenuated fibromyalgia pain, reversed EA analgesia by the CB1 antagonist, and further reversed the chemogenetic inhibition of SSC. Our innovative findings evidence the role of CB1 signaling in the interaction of EA and fibromyalgia, suggesting its potential for clinical trials and as a treatment target. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Science)

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16 pages, 2254 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Potential of Agaricus bisporus in Mitigating Pesticide-Induced Oxidative Stress in Honey Bees Infected with Nosema ceranae

by Stefan Jelisić, Zoran Stanimirović, Marko Ristanić, Đura Nakarada, Miloš Mojović, Dušan Bošnjaković and Uroš Glavinić

Life 2024, 14(11), 1498; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111498 - 17 Nov 2024

Viewed by 576

Abstract

Global climate change, environmental pollution, and frequent pesticide use severely reduce bee populations, greatly challenging beekeeping. Pesticides such as deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control mosquitoes, can kill individual bees and entire colonies, depending on the exposure. Due to mosquito resistance [...] Read more.

Global climate change, environmental pollution, and frequent pesticide use severely reduce bee populations, greatly challenging beekeeping. Pesticides such as deltamethrin, a pyrethroid insecticide commonly used to control mosquitoes, can kill individual bees and entire colonies, depending on the exposure. Due to mosquito resistance to pyrethroid insecticides, components that enhance their effect are commonly used. This study explores the potential of Agaricus bisporus mushroom extract in mitigating oxidative stress in bees triggered by pesticides and Nosema ceranae infection. Our findings indicate that A. bisporus extract significantly reduced mortality rates of bees and spore counts of N. ceranae. Furthermore, the extract demonstrated antioxidant properties that lower enzyme activity related to oxidative stress (CAT, SOD, and GST) and MDA concentration, which is linked to lipid peroxidation. These results indicate that natural extracts like A. bisporus can aid bee health by mitigating the effects of pesticides and pathogens on honey bees, thus improving biodiversity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Animal Science)

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11 pages, 552 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of Imaging Complexity Biomarkers for Prediction of Symptomatic Radiation Pneumonitis in Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer, Focusing on Underlying Lung Disease

by Jeongeun Hwang, Hakyoung Kim, Joon-Young Moon, Sun Myung Kim and Dae Sik Yang

Life 2024, 14(11), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111497 - 17 Nov 2024

Viewed by 389

Abstract

Objectives: We aimed to develop imaging biomarkers to predict radiation pneumonitis (RP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy. We hypothesized that measuring morphometric complexity in the lung using simulation computed tomography may provide objective imaging biomarkers for lung parenchyma [...] Read more.

Objectives: We aimed to develop imaging biomarkers to predict radiation pneumonitis (RP) in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy. We hypothesized that measuring morphometric complexity in the lung using simulation computed tomography may provide objective imaging biomarkers for lung parenchyma integrity, potentially forecasting the risk of RP. Materials and Methods: A retrospective study was performed on medical records of 175 patients diagnosed with NSCLC who had received thoracic radiotherapy. Three indices were utilized to measure the morphometric complexity of the lung parenchyma: box-counting fractal dimension, lacunarity, and minimum spanning tree (MST) fractal dimension. Patients were dichotomized into two groups at median values. Cox proportional hazard models were constructed to estimate the hazard ratios for grade ≥ 2 or grade ≥ 3 RP. Results and Conclusions: We found significant associations between lung parenchymal morphometric complexity and RP incidence. In univariate Cox-proportional hazard analysis, patients with a lower MST fractal dimension had a significantly higher hazard ratio of 2.296 (95% CI: 1.348–3.910) for grade ≥ 2 RP. When adjusted for age, sex, smoking status, category of the underlying lung disease, category of radiotherapy technique, clinical stage, histology, and DLCO, patients with a lower MST fractal dimension showed a significantly higher hazard ratio of 3.292 (95% CI: 1.722–6.294) for grade ≥ 2 RP and 7.952 (95% CI: 1.722 36.733) for grade ≥ 3 RP than those with a higher MST fractal dimension. Patients with lower lacunarity exhibited a significantly lower hazard ratio of 0.091 (95% CI: 0.015–0.573) for grade ≥ 3 RP in the adjusted model. We speculated that the lung tissue integrity is captured by morphometric complexity measures, particularly by the MST fractal dimension. We suggest the MST fractal dimension as an imaging biomarker for predicting the occurrence of symptomatic RP after thoracic radiotherapy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Innovations in Thoracic Surgery and Medicine: Advancements and Challenges)

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11 pages, 701 KiB

Open AccessReview

Understanding the Best Nutritional Management for Creutzfeldt–Jakob Disease Patients: A Comparison Between East Asian and Western Experiences

by Alessia Perna, Massimo Santoro and Elisa Colaizzo

Life 2024, 14(11), 1496; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111496 - 17 Nov 2024

Viewed by 379

Abstract

(1) Background: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of an altered prion protein, which usually leads to death within one year after clinical onset. CJD patients usually present with rapid cognitive impairment associated with declines [...] Read more.

(1) Background: Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by the accumulation of an altered prion protein, which usually leads to death within one year after clinical onset. CJD patients usually present with rapid cognitive impairment associated with declines in cerebellar, motor, visual, behavioral, and swallowing functions. Moreover, CJD patients lose their ability to eat and take medications orally very early on in treatment; nevertheless, there are no specific nutritional guidelines for this disease shared worldwide. (2) Methods: This review aims to describe the nutritional outcomes of CJD patients in Western countries to compare them with those described in East Asian countries and then aims to explore the most recent trends in the nutritional management of CJD patients, including some dietary compounds that present neuroprotective effects. (3) Results: In Japan’s, Taiwan’s, and China’s healthcare systems, CJD patients receive intensive life-sustaining treatment that prolongs their survival (i.e., artificial feeding); conversely, in Western countries, intensive life-sustaining treatments like tube feeding are not commonly provided to CJD patients. (4) Conclusions: It is difficult to pinpoint the reasons for these discrepancies around CJD palliative care supply, but it is clear that specific nutritional guidelines may directly improve the nutritional management of CJD patients and thus allow their families and caregivers to ensure the best end-of-life care for these patients. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)

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27 pages, 27996 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Microfacies Characteristics of Late Pennsylvanian Cyclothems on the Carbonate Platform Margin in Guizhou, South China

by Junjie Wang, Enpu Gong, Yongli Zhang, Xiao Li, Lifu Wang, Guanming Lai and Depeng Li

Life 2024, 14(11), 1495; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111495 - 16 Nov 2024

Viewed by 594

Abstract

Late Pennsylvanian cyclothems are documented from the carbonate platform margin in Guizhou, South China, providing a unique opportunity to study glacio-eustatic fluctuations and their impact on reef development. This paper focuses on a shallow-water, reef-bearing succession and a deep-water succession in the Houchang [...] Read more.

Late Pennsylvanian cyclothems are documented from the carbonate platform margin in Guizhou, South China, providing a unique opportunity to study glacio-eustatic fluctuations and their impact on reef development. This paper focuses on a shallow-water, reef-bearing succession and a deep-water succession in the Houchang area of Guizhou. Fourteen microfacies, grouped into seven associations, represent distinct depositional environments. These microfacies associations exhibit vertical cyclicity, interpreted as cyclothems, similar to those observed globally, which are attributed to the waxing and waning of the Gondwana ice sheet. The cyclothems are primarily composed of sediments below the wave base within a shallow-water platform margin and deep-water settings. Those cyclothems show strong correlations with those observed in South China, Ukraine, and the North American Midcontinent, suggesting a potential connection to global glacio-eustatic processes. A brief and rapid sea-level rise during the late Kasimovian may correspond to a recently recognized global warming event. A microfacies analysis indicates that these cyclothems reflect glacial-type sea-level fluctuations ranging from 15 to 35 m. Notably, the reef-bearing cyclothems correspond to intermediate, major cyclothems identified in South China and the Midcontinent from the late Moscovian to early Kasimovian stages. The global cyclothem correlations and reef development patterns in South China suggest that intermediate, major cycles were the primary controls on reef growth and demise, while minor cycles influenced biostromes and community succession within the reefs. These findings underscore the pivotal role of the Late Paleozoic Ice Age (LPIA) in shaping reef development in far-field regions during the Late Pennsylvanian. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Paleobiology)

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7 pages, 5859 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma: A Case Report About a Patient with Cytology Negative for Malignancy

by Didem Ün, Johannes Rohrbeck, Mathias Drach, Robert Ullrich, Philipp B. Staber, Thomas H. Helbich, Christian Freystätter, Maryana Teufelsbauer and Christine Radtke

Life 2024, 14(11), 1494; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111494 - 16 Nov 2024

Viewed by 358

Abstract

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare lymphoma primarily linked to textured breast implants. Symptoms are often non-specific (e.g., breast swelling, pain, or fluid collection). When imaging detects fluid around the implant, cytological examination is the first diagnostic approach. However, [...] Read more.

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare lymphoma primarily linked to textured breast implants. Symptoms are often non-specific (e.g., breast swelling, pain, or fluid collection). When imaging detects fluid around the implant, cytological examination is the first diagnostic approach. However, this method has limited sensitivity and may yield false-negative results. In this case, a 41-year-old woman presented with swelling, pain, and itching in her left breast six years after bilateral textured breast implant placement. Ultrasonography (US) revealed peri-implant fluid collection around the left implant. A following magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan ruled out an implant rupture. Due to persistent pain and the peri-implant effusion on the left side, open surgery was performed. During implant removal, the seroma was drained, and multiple suspicious masses were found on the left side. The cytology of the seroma fluid was negative and intraoperative frozen sections of the excised masses were inconclusive. A complete capsulectomy was conducted due to the suspicion of malignancy. Histological examination ultimately confirmed the diagnosis of BIA-ALCL. This case highlights the diagnostic challenges associated with this rare condition. Therefore, BIA-ALCL should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of breast implant-associated seroma. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)

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Open AccessArticle

Prevalence of Child Fever, Acute Respiratory Infection, and Diarrhea and Their Risk Factors in Sierra Leone

by Hana Kim and Yan Jin

Life 2024, 14(11), 1493; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111493 - 16 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Sierra Leone has the fourth-highest child mortality rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and diarrhea in children under 5 years in Sierra Leone, and to identify the risk factors associated [...] Read more.

Sierra Leone has the fourth-highest child mortality rate in Sub-Saharan Africa. This retrospective study aimed to estimate the nationwide prevalence of fever, acute respiratory infection (ARI), and diarrhea in children under 5 years in Sierra Leone, and to identify the risk factors associated with these diseases. We extracted patient information from the 2019 Sierra Leone Demographic and Health Survey data. Data were analyzed using multivariate logistic regression. In total, 8659, 8652, and 8650 children were included in the analyses of fever, ARI, and diarrhea, respectively. The analysis revealed that the nationwide prevalence rates of fever, ARI, and diarrhea were 16.8%, 14.2%, and 7.2%, respectively. Children aged 12–23 months were found to be the most susceptible. Compared to children consuming unimproved water, the highest prevalence rates of fever, ARI, and diarrhea were observed among children residing in households with tube wells or boreholes. The adjusted odds ratio for diarrhea prevalence among children drinking water from household tube wells or boreholes was 1.47 (95% confidence interval: 1.17–1.84, p < 0.001). This study has several limitations, including recall bias due to parental reporting. We suspect that the diseases may be associated with potential water contamination in tube wells or boreholes. We recommend national-level periodic inspections of water quality and community-level education on water supply management. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)

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Life, Volume 14, Issue 11 (November 2024) – 177 articles

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