Next Issue
Volume 14, November
Previous Issue
Volume 14, September
 
 
Search for Articles:
Title / Keyword
Author / Affiliation / Email
Journal
Article Type
 
 
Advanced Search
 
Section
Special Issue
Volume
Issue
Number
Page
 
4.3
3.2
Journals
Life
Volume 14
Issue 10
share announcement

Life, Volume 14, Issue 10 (October 2024) – 134 articles

Cover Story (view full-size image): Serotonin is a neurotransmitter that regulates mood in the brain and signaling in the gut, with receptors being found throughout the body, especially in the gut and brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are used to treat depression. Depression may be accompanied by early gastrointestinal symptoms. Gut disorders such as functional dyspepsia (FD), irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are linked to elevated serotonin levels. Additionally, 5-HT is also involved in carcinogenesis. In this review, we would like to discuss serotonin as a gut–brain biomarker that may help prevent gut–brain disorders, develop innovative therapies, and provide visualization and treatment monitoring. It could also be used to gauge stress intensity for self-care and mental health improvement. View this paper
  • Issues are regarded as officially published after their release is announced to the table of contents alert mailing list.
  • You may sign up for e-mail alerts to receive table of contents of newly released issues.
  • PDF is the official format for papers published in both, html and pdf forms. To view the papers in pdf format, click on the "PDF Full-text" link, and use the free Adobe Reader to open them.
Order results
Result details
Section
Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
25 pages, 11108 KiB  
Review
Pioneers of Origin of Life Studies—Darwin, Oparin, Haldane, Miller, Oró—And the Oldest Known Records of Life
by J. William Schopf
Life 2024, 14(10), 1345; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101345 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1168
Abstract
The two basic approaches to elucidating how life began both date from Darwin. The first, that of the experimentalists, stems from Darwin’s famous “warm little pond” letter to Joseph Hooker of 1871. This approach, an attempt to replicate the sequential events leading to [...] Read more.
The two basic approaches to elucidating how life began both date from Darwin. The first, that of the experimentalists, stems from Darwin’s famous “warm little pond” letter to Joseph Hooker of 1871. This approach, an attempt to replicate the sequential events leading to life’s origin, is exemplified by the “primordial soup” hypothesis of A.I. Oparin (1924) and J.B.S. Haldane (1929); the Miller–Urey laboratory synthesis of amino acids under possible primitive Earth conditions (1953); and Joan Oró’s nonbiological synthesis of the nucleic acid adenine (1959). The second approach, that of the observationalists who search for relevant evidence in the geological record, dates from Darwin’s 1859 On the Origin of Species, in which he laments the “inexplicable” absence of a pre-Cambrian fossil record. Darwin’s concern spurred a century of search that was ultimately rewarded by Stanley Tyler’s 1953 discovery of diverse microscopic fossils in the ~1900 Ma Gunflint Chert of southern Canada. Tyler’s find was soon followed by a cascade of discoveries worldwide; the establishment of a new field of science, Precambrian paleobiology; and, more recently, the discovery of 3400 and ~3465 Ma Paleoarchean microfossils, establishing that primordial life evolved early, far, and fast. Though progress has been made, much remains to be learned in the foci of this Origin of Life 2024 volume, for which this essay is the history-reviewing “stage setter”. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Origins of Life 2024)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1500 KiB  
Article
Will Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Be Lost to History? A Comparative Study of Long-Term Follow-Up
by Sangrim Kim, Joseph Yang, Seokhwan Moon and Sungwook Choi
Life 2024, 14(10), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101344 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
Mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were introduced as an alternative to fixed-bearing (FB) implants because of their theoretical advantages related to femorotibial rotational mismatch. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of MB and FB [...] Read more.
Mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were introduced as an alternative to fixed-bearing (FB) implants because of their theoretical advantages related to femorotibial rotational mismatch. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of MB and FB TKA after approximately 13 years of follow-up. We compared the results of 88 patients with a mean age of 66 years who had received a rotating platform MB implant or a FB implant. The mean follow-up was 13.6 years. The patients were assessed clinically (VAS, ROM, KSS, WOMAC scores) and radiographically before and 13 years after operation. There were no statistically significant differences between the FB and MB groups in terms of clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes (p > 0.05 for all). Although the incidence of complications was higher in the MB group, the findings were not statistically significant compared to the FB group (p > 0.05 for all). Although there were no significant differences in the clinical and radiologic outcomes between the FB and MB groups, the possible higher risk of osteolysis or aseptic loosening in the MB group could be an important clinical implication when selecting the TKA implant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2987 KiB  
Article
Evidence of the Long-Term Protective Effect of Moderate-Intensity Physical Activity on Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Elderly Individuals: A Predictive Analysis of Longitudinal Studies
by Zikang Hao, Xianliang Zhang and Yu Wang
Life 2024, 14(10), 1343; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101343 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity (PA) on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and to predict future trends in cognitive ability using longitudinal data to assess the long-term role of PA in cognitive preservation. Methods: Data [...] Read more.
Objective: To investigate the effects of different intensities of physical activity (PA) on cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly individuals, and to predict future trends in cognitive ability using longitudinal data to assess the long-term role of PA in cognitive preservation. Methods: Data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS) were utilized. Mixed-effects models were employed to analyze the impacts of low-intensity PA (LPA), moderate-intensity PA (MPA), and vigorous-intensity PA (VPA) on overall cognition, episodic memory, and mental intactness. Random forest and XGBoost machine learning methods were employed to further validate the effects of PA. ARIMA models predicted future cognitive trends under the influence of PA. Results: MPA demonstrated significant advantages in preserving cognitive function, particularly in overall cognition and episodic memory. While LPA had some protective effects, they were less significant than those of MPA, and VPA did not show advantages. Machine learning methods confirmed these findings. ARIMA model predictions indicated that the protective effects of MPA on cognitive function are likely to persist in the future. Conclusions: Moderate-intensity physical activity is associated with the preservation of cognitive ability in middle-aged and elderly individuals and may continue to provide this benefit in the future; however, further in-depth research is needed for confirmation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Activity in People with Cognitive Impairment)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 5486 KiB  
Review
The Potential Role of Polyphenol Supplementation in Preventing and Managing Depression: A Review of Current Research
by Mohd Farhan and Mohd Faisal
Life 2024, 14(10), 1342; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101342 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1232
Abstract
Depression is a common mental illness that affects 5% of the adult population globally. The most common symptoms of depression are low mood, lack of pleasure from different activities, poor concentration, and reduced energy levels for an extended period, and it affects the [...] Read more.
Depression is a common mental illness that affects 5% of the adult population globally. The most common symptoms of depression are low mood, lack of pleasure from different activities, poor concentration, and reduced energy levels for an extended period, and it affects the emotions, behaviors, and overall well-being of an individual. The complex pathophysiology of depression presents challenges for current therapeutic options involving a biopsychosocial treatment plan. These treatments may have a delayed onset, low remission and response rates, and undesirable side effects. Researchers in nutrition and food science are increasingly addressing depression, which is a significant public health concern due to the association of depression with the increased incidence of cardiovascular diseases and premature mortality. Polyphenols present in our diet may significantly impact the prevention and treatment of depression. The primary mechanisms include reducing inflammation and oxidative stress, regulating monoamine neurotransmitter levels, and modulating the microbiota–gut–brain axis and hyperactivity of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This review summarizes recent advances in understanding the effects of dietary polyphenols on depression and explores the underlying mechanisms of these effects for the benefit of human health. It also highlights studies that are looking at clinical trials to help future researchers incorporate these substances into functional diets, nutritional supplements, or adjunctive therapy to prevent and treat depression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is New in Psychiatry and Psychopharmacology—2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

2 pages, 131 KiB  
Editorial
Special Issue: “A Wider Look at Pediatric Primary Headaches”
by Vincenzo Raieli and Vittorio Sciruicchio
Life 2024, 14(10), 1341; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101341 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 459
Abstract
Headaches represent a common and debilitating neurological disorder among the pediatric population [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Other Pediatric Primary Headaches)
8 pages, 217 KiB  
Article
The Outcomes at 3 Years in 82 Knees with Kellgren and Lawrence 2–3 Osteoarthritis Treated with an Autologous Protein Fluid Concentrate Produced with a Fluid Volume Reducer
by Mitchell Sheinkop, Mary Langhenry and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
Life 2024, 14(10), 1340; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101340 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 814
Abstract
Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition with significant emotional and economic impacts. Current treatment options may only provide temporary pain relief and are not regenerative, thus the progression of knee OA is not deterred and total knee arthroplasty [...] Read more.
Introduction: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition with significant emotional and economic impacts. Current treatment options may only provide temporary pain relief and are not regenerative, thus the progression of knee OA is not deterred and total knee arthroplasty is inevitable. Injection therapies with orthobiologics possess regenerative potential and are an emerging treatment option. We present a prospective study aimed at examining patients with knee OA who had received an autologous platelet concentrate fluid (APCF) injection produced through a fluid volume reducer. Methods: This was an observational review of the results following an APCF injection in a cohort of patients at a single site. Patients were included in the study if they were diagnosed with K/L grade 2–3 knee OA and treated with an APCF knee injection. Patients were excluded if they had obtained an orthobiologic injection in the three months prior to study enrollment or if baseline data were unavailable. Knee score and function score were used to assess patients at the baseline and post-injection follow-ups. Results: Improvements for knee score were statistically significant for the follow-ups at three months, six months, one year, and three years. Function score improved, with statistically significant changes for the three month and three year follow-ups. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that there is some utility in using APCF injection for knee OA, with improvements that may be sustained up to three years in some patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Novel Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approaches of Musculoskeletal Disease)
17 pages, 8417 KiB  
Review
Research Progress on the Biological Activity of Ganoderic Acids in Ganoderma lucidum over the Last Five Years
by Siyi Wang, Longyu Wang, Jiaolei Shangguan, Ailiang Jiang and Ang Ren
Life 2024, 14(10), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101339 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1416
Abstract
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom in China. The main bioactive components in G. lucidum include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, steroids, and sterols. Ganoderic acids (GAs) are one of the most abundant triterpenoids found in G. lucidum, [...] Read more.
Ganoderma lucidum (G. lucidum) is a traditional edible and medicinal mushroom in China. The main bioactive components in G. lucidum include triterpenoids, polysaccharides, steroids, and sterols. Ganoderic acids (GAs) are one of the most abundant triterpenoids found in G. lucidum, garnering significant attention from researchers in the fields of medicine and health care. We summarize the extensive studies on the physiological function of GAs in anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, radiation protection, anti-aging, liver protection, anti-microbial, and neuroprotection areas, among others. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the bioactivities and pharmacological mechanisms of GAs, aiming to delineate the current research directions and the state of the art in this field. This analysis helps to rapidly identify new bioactivities of GAs and understand their mechanisms, leading to more effective treatments for various diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Science)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 873 KiB  
Review
Current Trends and Technological Advancements in the Use of Oxalate-Degrading Bacteria as Starters in Fermented Foods—A Review
by Sajad Hamid Al-Kabe and Alaa Kareem Niamah
Life 2024, 14(10), 1338; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101338 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 890
Abstract
Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the existence or development of calculi, commonly referred to as stones within the renal system, and poses significant health challenges. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are the predominant constituents of renal calculi and are introduced into [...] Read more.
Nephrolithiasis is a medical condition characterized by the existence or development of calculi, commonly referred to as stones within the renal system, and poses significant health challenges. Calcium phosphate and calcium oxalate are the predominant constituents of renal calculi and are introduced into the human body primarily via dietary sources. The presence of oxalates can become particularly problematic when the delicate balance of the normal flora residing within the gastrointestinal tract is disrupted. Within the human gut, species of Oxalobacter, Lactobacillus, and Bifidobacterium coexist in a symbiotic relationship. They play a pivotal role in mitigating the risk of stone formation by modulating certain biochemical pathways and producing specific enzymes that can facilitate the breakdown and degradation of oxalate salts. The probiotic potential exhibited by these bacteria is noteworthy, as it underscores their possible utility in the prevention of nephrolithiasis. Investigating the mechanisms by which these beneficial microorganisms exert their effects could lead to novel therapeutic strategies aimed at reducing the incidence of kidney stones. The implications of utilizing probiotics as a preventive measure against kidney stone formation represent an intriguing frontier in both nephrology and microbiome research, meriting further investigation to unlock their full potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Microbiology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 6788 KiB  
Article
Short Lysine-Containing Tripeptide as Analgesic Substance: The Possible Mechanism of Ligand–Receptor Binding to the Slow Sodium Channel
by Vera B. Plakhova, Arina D. Kalinina, Nadezhda A. Boichenko, Dmitriy M. Samosvat, Georgy G. Zegrya, Irina P. Butkevich, Viktor A. Mikhailenko, Valentina A. Penniyaynen, Svetlana A. Podzorova, Roza I. Yagudina, Boris V. Krylov and Ilya V. Rogachevskii
Life 2024, 14(10), 1337; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101337 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 632
Abstract
A possible molecular mechanism of the ligand–receptor binding of Ac-Lys-Lys-Lys-NH2 (Ac-KKK-NH2) to the NaV1.8 channel that is responsible for nociceptive signal coding in the peripheral nervous system is investigated by a number of experimental and theoretical techniques. Upon [...] Read more.
A possible molecular mechanism of the ligand–receptor binding of Ac-Lys-Lys-Lys-NH2 (Ac-KKK-NH2) to the NaV1.8 channel that is responsible for nociceptive signal coding in the peripheral nervous system is investigated by a number of experimental and theoretical techniques. Upon Ac-KKK-NH2 application at 100 nM, a significant decrease in the effective charge carried by the NaV1.8 channel activation gating system Zeff is demonstrated in the patch-clamp experiments. A strong Ac-KKK-NH2 analgesic effect at both the spinal and supraspinal levels is detected in vivo in the formalin test. The distances between the positively charged amino groups in the Ac-KKK-NH2 molecule upon binding to the NaV1.8 channel are 11–12 Å, as revealed by the conformational analysis. The blind docking with the NaV1.8 channel has made it possible to locate the Ac-KKK-NH2 binding site on the extracellular side of the voltage-sensing domain VSDI. The Ac-KKK-NH2 amino groups are shown to form ionic bonds with Asp151 and Glu157 and a hydrogen bond with Thr161, which affects the coordinated movement of the voltage sensor up and down, thus modulating the Zeff value. According to the results presented, Ac-KKK-NH2 is a promising candidate for the role of an analgesic medicinal substance that can be applied for pain relief in humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ion Channels and Neurological Disease: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 251 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Quality of Life Changes over 12 Months Among Opiate Users from Romania and Associated Worsening Factors
by Melania Lavinia Bratu, Dorel Sandesc, Teodora Anghel, Felix Bratosin, Silviu Valentin Vlad, Artiom Terzi and Caius Glad Streian
Life 2024, 14(10), 1336; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101336 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 707
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in quality of life (QoL) over a 12-month period among opiate users in Romania, identifying factors that contribute to a worsening of their condition. By examining these dynamics, the research intended to inform targeted interventions and [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the changes in quality of life (QoL) over a 12-month period among opiate users in Romania, identifying factors that contribute to a worsening of their condition. By examining these dynamics, the research intended to inform targeted interventions and support mechanisms to mitigate the negative outcomes associated with opiate use. Conducted as a longitudinal cohort analysis, this study enrolled 74 participants diagnosed with opioid use disorders from multiple healthcare settings in Romania. The WHOQOL-BREF instrument was utilized to assess QoL, with data collection spanning from 1 January 2023 to 31 December 2023. Ethical compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki was maintained, and participants provided informed consent. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS, focusing on the impact of demographic and behavioral variables on QoL. Over the 12-month period, significant improvements were observed in all QoL domains: physical (51.68 to 58.39, p < 0.001), psychological (49.34 to 55.32, p < 0.001), social (46.21 to 53.66, p < 0.001), and environmental (47.85 to 54.17, p < 0.001). Methadone compliance significantly influenced positive outcomes across all domains. Compliant participants exhibited higher mean scores compared to non-compliant users, with respective increases in the physical domain from 52.47 to 60.21 (p < 0.001), psychological from 50.93 to 58.32 (p < 0.001), social from 48.36 to 57.14 (p < 0.001), and environmental from 47.82 to 55.79 (p < 0.001). Additionally, education showed a protective effect, particularly enhancing environmental QoL (estimate = 0.33, p = 0.013). Methadone compliance and higher education levels were identified as significant predictors of improved QoL among opiate users, demonstrating the critical importance of adherence to treatment protocols and the supportive role of education in enhancing life quality. These findings highlight the necessity for integrated treatment programs and educational interventions to improve the well-being of individuals battling opioid addiction, advocating for policy enhancements and supportive measures tailored to this demographic. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Substance Abuse and Addiction)
22 pages, 3821 KiB  
Article
The Use of Dissolvable Synthetic Calcium Impregnated with Antibiotic in Osteoarticular Infection in Patients with Diabetes
by Adrian Cursaru, Raluca Cursaru, Sergiu Iordache, Mihai Aurel Costache, Bogdan Stefan Cretu, Bogdan Serban, Mihnea-Ioan-Gabriel Popa and Catalin Cirstoiu
Life 2024, 14(10), 1335; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101335 - 20 Oct 2024
Viewed by 581
Abstract
The medical management of osteoarticular infections in patients with diabetes continues to be a considerable clinical dilemma because of inadequate blood supply and weakened immune systems. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of dissolvable synthetic pure calcium sulfate beads [...] Read more.
The medical management of osteoarticular infections in patients with diabetes continues to be a considerable clinical dilemma because of inadequate blood supply and weakened immune systems. The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of dissolvable synthetic pure calcium sulfate beads with antibiotics in the treatment of osteoarticular infections in individuals diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 27 patients with diabetes (19 with type II diabetes and 8 with type I diabetes) who were diagnosed with osteoarticular infections and received treatment with locally delivered antibiotic-loaded calcium sulfate beads. The patients were monitored for a duration ranging from 6 months to 2 years, during which the clearance of infection, bone remodeling, and rates of recurrence were evaluated. The evaluation also included an assessment of glycemic control and its influence on infection treatment. The findings revealed a notable decrease in the recurrence of infections, as patients who were given combinations of two antibiotics showed better results in comparison to those who were exclusively treated with one antibiotic. A 92% eradication rate was achieved within the trial group, and patients who had dual-antibiotic treatment did not have any return of illness. Postoperative bone remodeling was shown to take place between 8 and 16 weeks, with faster recovery in individuals who maintained ideal glycemic control (HbA1c < 7%). Only one instance of soft tissue necrosis was documented, indicating minimal consequences. The results validate the use of dissolvable synthetic calcium sulfate as a secure and efficient local antibiotic administration method for controlling osteoarticular infections in patients with diabetes, providing improved infection management and facilitating bone regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Pharmaceutical Science)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 7781 KiB  
Article
Anticancer Effects of Weizmannia coagulans MZY531 Postbiotics in CT26 Colorectal Tumor-Bearing Mice by Regulating Apoptosis and Autophagy
by Bao Zhong, Yujuan Zhao, Lei Gao, Ge Yang, Yansong Gao, Fenglin Li and Shengyu Li
Life 2024, 14(10), 1334; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101334 - 19 Oct 2024
Viewed by 898
Abstract
Weizmannia coagulans has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, there is limited research on the effects of postbiotic W. coagulans on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the exact mechanisms through which it influences apoptosis- and autophagy-related signaling pathways are yet to be [...] Read more.
Weizmannia coagulans has been shown to have anticancer properties. However, there is limited research on the effects of postbiotic W. coagulans on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. Additionally, the exact mechanisms through which it influences apoptosis- and autophagy-related signaling pathways are yet to be thoroughly elucidated. This study explored the role of W. coagulans MZY531 as a postbiotic in inhibiting tumor growth by modulating apoptosis and autophagy in tumor cells. During the experimental period in the model group, tumors proliferated, tumor markers increased significantly, and immunofluorescence results showed that caspase-3 and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling were significantly decreased. Conversely, supplementation with W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics significantly reduced the levels of tumor markers carcinoembryonic antigen, colon cancer antigen, and extracellular protein kinase A and promoted cell apoptosis by increasing the caspase-3-positive count and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells in tumor tissue. Mechanistically, W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics inhibit tumor growth through the modulation of the Bax/Bcl-2/caspase-3 and JAK2/STAT3 apoptosis pathways and PI3K/AKT/mTOR and TGF-β/SMAD4 cell autophagy pathways. W. coagulans MZY531 postbiotics had a more significant effect than that of W. coagulans MZY531 alone. Probiotics are expected to become effective natural functional foods for the treatment of colorectal cancer. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microbiota in Health and Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 4674 KiB  
Article
Impact of Plant Growth-Promoting Microorganism (PGPM) Consortium on Biochemical Properties and Yields of Tomato Under Drought Stress
by Ram Krishna, Waquar Akhter Ansari, Mohammad Altaf, Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal, Sudhakar Pandey, Achuit Kumar Singh, Sudhir Kumar and Jay Prakash Verma
Life 2024, 14(10), 1333; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101333 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 703
Abstract
Drought is the most important abiotic stress that restricts the genetically predetermined yield potential of the crops. In the present study, four tomato varieties: Kashi Vishesh, Kashi Aman, Kashi Abhiman, and Kashi Amrit, were used to study the effect of PGPMs (plant growth-promoting [...] Read more.
Drought is the most important abiotic stress that restricts the genetically predetermined yield potential of the crops. In the present study, four tomato varieties: Kashi Vishesh, Kashi Aman, Kashi Abhiman, and Kashi Amrit, were used to study the effect of PGPMs (plant growth-promoting microorganisms). PGPM strains, Bacillus megaterium BHUPSB14, Pseudomonas fluorescens BHUPSB06, Pseudomonas aeruginosa BHUPSB01, Pseudomonas putida BHUPSB0, Paenibacillus polymixa BHUPSB17, and Trichoderma horzianum, were used as the consortium. The control group was irrigated up to 80% of field capacity, while 7-, 14-, and 21-day water-deficit-exposed (DWD) plants’ pot soil moisture was maintained to 40, 25, and 15% of the field capacity, both with and without the PGPM inoculation condition. The physiological parameters, such as electrolyte leakage, relative water content, photosynthetic efficiency, and chlorophyll color index, were significantly improved by PGPM application under progressive drought stress, compared to the control. PGPM application enhanced the proline accumulation and reduced the formation of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation under drought stress. The plant growth attributes were significantly increased by PGPM application. The Kashi Amrit variety showed the highest fruit yield among the four varieties under all the treatments. The PGPM consortium application also improved the soil physico-biological properties and nutrient availability in the soil. The PGPM consortium used in this study can potentially mitigate drought stress on tomato in drought-prone regions and act as a biofertilizer. The present study will open a new avenue of drought stress management in tomato. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Biotic and Abiotic Stresses 2024)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 673 KiB  
Brief Report
Inverse Shifting-PCR Modified by Capillary Electrophoresis for Detecting F8 int22h and int1h Inversions in Severe Hemophilia A Patients and Probable Carriers
by Rosa Michel Martínez-Contreras, Silvia Sofía García-López, Hilda Luna-Záizar and Ana Rebeca Jaloma-Cruz
Life 2024, 14(10), 1332; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101332 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 628
Abstract
Globally, intron 22 inversions (Inv22s) of the factor VIII gene (F8) are the most frequent pathogenic variants and account for 45–50% of severe hemophilia A (SHA) cases, while intron 1 inversion (Inv1) explains 1–5% of SHA cases. The detection of both inversions by [...] Read more.
Globally, intron 22 inversions (Inv22s) of the factor VIII gene (F8) are the most frequent pathogenic variants and account for 45–50% of severe hemophilia A (SHA) cases, while intron 1 inversion (Inv1) explains 1–5% of SHA cases. The detection of both inversions by an inverse shifting-polymerase chain reaction (IS-PCR) is the first choice worldwide for the diagnosis of patients and carriers of SHA. To improve its sensitivity and reproducibility in the visualization of PCR products, we approached the IS-PCR with fluorescent capillary electrophoresis instead of agarose electrophoresis. Based on the original protocol, we modified two primers by 5’-end labeling with FAM™ fluorescent dye for the detection of the PCR products by capillary electrophoresis. Additionally, the “fast enzymes” BclI and T4-Ligase were incorporated for work saving in the genomic digestion and ligation reactions, respectively. Once we accomplished the standardization and verified the reproducibility of the modified IS-PCR method, we applied it for the diagnosis of a cohort of SHA patients and carriers. The modified IS-PCR by fluorescent capillary electrophoresis for PCR product detection is more sensitive than agarose electrophoresis. The method was also improved by using the new rapid enzymes to save time in the whole process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Hemophilia)
►▼ Show Figures

Graphical abstract

12 pages, 2107 KiB  
Case Report
Hydatid Cysts of the Psoas Muscle: Insights from the Past Five Years
by Octavian Catalin Ciobotaru, Oana-Monica Duca, Oana Roxana Ciobotaru, Elena Stamate, Alin Ionut Piraianu, Adrian George Dumitrascu, Georgiana Bianca Constantin, Madalina Nicoleta Matei, Doina Carina Voinescu and Stefan-Alexandru Luchian
Life 2024, 14(10), 1331; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101331 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 674
Abstract
Echinococcosis represents a major public health issue and continues to be endemic in various regions around the world. Hydatid cysts are commonly located in the liver (primary site), followed by the lungs (secondary site). However, they are also found in less typical organs [...] Read more.
Echinococcosis represents a major public health issue and continues to be endemic in various regions around the world. Hydatid cysts are commonly located in the liver (primary site), followed by the lungs (secondary site). However, they are also found in less typical organs such as the spleen, kidneys, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, pancreas, gallbladder, and various other organs, as well as in striate muscles. Hydatid cysts involving the psoas muscle are rare, and in the past five years, only a few articles have addressed this condition due to its low incidence. Symptoms can be quite vague, and serological testing might return negative, making imaging studies crucial for an accurate diagnosis. Treatment options involve surgery alongside antiparasitic agents. Despite having a low mortality rate, the recurrence of hydatid disease remains high. This paper aims to provide new clinical data through our case presentation, while also offering a review of the cases of hydatid cysts involving the psoas muscle that have been published over the past five years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 2952 KiB  
Brief Report
The HOMO-LUMO Gap as Discriminator of Biotic from Abiotic Chemistries
by Roman Abrosimov and Bernd Moosmann
Life 2024, 14(10), 1330; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101330 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 700
Abstract
Low-molecular-mass organic chemicals are widely discussed as potential indicators of life in extraterrestrial habitats. However, demarcation lines between biotic chemicals and abiotic chemicals have been difficult to define. Here, we have analyzed the potential utility of the quantum chemical property, HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG), [...] Read more.
Low-molecular-mass organic chemicals are widely discussed as potential indicators of life in extraterrestrial habitats. However, demarcation lines between biotic chemicals and abiotic chemicals have been difficult to define. Here, we have analyzed the potential utility of the quantum chemical property, HOMO-LUMO gap (HLG), as a novel proxy variable of life, since a significant trend towards incrementally smaller HLGs has been described in the genetically encoded amino acids. The HLG is a zeroth-order predictor of chemical reactivity. Comparing a set of 134 abiotic organic molecules recovered from meteorites, with 570 microbial and plant secondary metabolites thought to be exclusively biotic, we found that the average HLG of biotic molecules was significantly narrower (−10.4 ± 0.9 eV versus −12.4 ± 1.6 eV), with an effect size of g = 1.87. Limitation to hydrophilic molecules (XlogP < 2) improved the separation of biotic from abiotic compounds (g = 2.52). The “hydrophilic reactivity” quadrant defined by |HLG| < 11.25 eV and XlogP < 2 was populated exclusively by 183 biotic compounds and 6 abiotic compounds, 5 of which were nucleobases. We conclude that hydrophilic molecules with small HLGs represent valuable indicators of biotic activity, and we discuss the evolutionary plausibility of this inference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Origins of Life 2024)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1023 KiB  
Review
Pathophysiology of Congenital High Production of IgE and Its Consequences: A Narrative Review Uncovering a Neglected Setting of Disorders
by Francesca Galletta, Antonella Gambadauro, Simone Foti Randazzese, Stefano Passanisi, Vito Sinatra, Lucia Caminiti, Giuseppina Zirilli and Sara Manti
Life 2024, 14(10), 1329; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101329 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1005
Abstract
Elevated serum IgE levels serve as a critical marker for uncovering hidden immunological disorders, particularly inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), which are often misdiagnosed as common allergic conditions. IgE, while typically associated with allergic diseases, plays a significant role in immune defense, especially [...] Read more.
Elevated serum IgE levels serve as a critical marker for uncovering hidden immunological disorders, particularly inborn errors of immunity (IEIs), which are often misdiagnosed as common allergic conditions. IgE, while typically associated with allergic diseases, plays a significant role in immune defense, especially against parasitic infections. However, extremely high levels of IgE can indicate more severe conditions, such as Hyper-IgE syndromes (HIES) and disorders with similar features, including Omenn syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome, and IPEX syndrome. Novel insights into the genetic mutations responsible for these conditions highlight their impact on immune regulation and the resulting clinical features, including recurrent infections, eczema, and elevated IgE. This narrative review uniquely integrates recent advances in the genetic understanding of IEIs and discusses how these findings impact both diagnosis and treatment. Additionally, emerging therapeutic strategies, such as hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and gene therapies, are explored, underscoring the potential for personalized treatment approaches. Emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and tailored interventions aims to enhance patient outcomes and improve the quality of care for those with elevated IgE levels and associated immunological disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Immune Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

34 pages, 5277 KiB  
Article
Determining the Identity Nucleotides and the Energy of Binding of tRNAs to Their Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases Using a Simple Logistic Model
by Piotr H. Pawłowski and Piotr Zielenkiewicz
Life 2024, 14(10), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101328 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 842
Abstract
This study showed that the predictor in logistic regression can be applied to estimating the Gibbs free energy of tRNAs’ recognition of and binding to their aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Then, 24 linear logistic regression models predicting different classes of tRNAs loaded with a corresponding [...] Read more.
This study showed that the predictor in logistic regression can be applied to estimating the Gibbs free energy of tRNAs’ recognition of and binding to their aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. Then, 24 linear logistic regression models predicting different classes of tRNAs loaded with a corresponding amino acid were trained in a machine learning classification method, reducing the misclassification error to zero. The models were based on minimal subsets of Boolean explanatory variables describing the favorite presence of nucleotides or nucleosides localized in the different parts of the tRNA. In 90% of cases, they agree with the components of the consensus strand in a class of tRNAs loaded by a given amino acid. According to the proposed theoretical model, the values of the free energy for the entry of the recognition state in the process of tRNA charging were obtained, and the inputs from identity nucleotides and the tRNA strand backbone were distinguished. Almost all the resulting models indicated leading anticodon tandems defining the first and second positions of the anticodon (positions 35 and 36 of the tRNA strand) and the small sets (up to six positions) of the other nucleotides as the natural identity nucleotides most influential in the free energy balance. The magnitude of their input to this energy depends on the position in the strand, favoring positions −1, 35, and 36. The role of position 34 is relatively smaller. These identity attributes may not always be fully arranged in a real single adaptor molecule but were comprehensively present in a given tRNA class. A detailed analysis of the resulting models showed that the absolute value of the energy of binding the tandem 35–36 decreases with the number of identity positions, as well as with the decreasing number of possible hydrogen bonds. On the other hand, in these conditions, the absolute value of the energy of binding of other identity nucleotides increases. All the models indicate that the nucleotide-independent energy of the repulsion tRNA backbone decreases with the number of identity nucleotides. It was also shown that the total free energy change in entering the recognition state increases with the amino acid mass, making this process less spontaneous, which may have an evolutionary reference. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue What Is Life?)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 1202 KiB  
Article
Allelic, Genotypic, and Haplotypic Analysis of Cytokine IL17A, IL17F, and Toll-like Receptor TLR4 Gene Polymorphisms in Metabolic-Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: Insights from an Exploratory Study
by Sorina-Cezara Coste, Olga Hilda Orășan, Angela Cozma, Vasile Negrean, Teodora Gabriela Alexescu, Mirela Georgiana Perne, George Ciulei, Adriana Corina Hangan, Roxana Liana Lucaciu, Mihaela Iancu and Lucia-Maria Procopciuc
Life 2024, 14(10), 1327; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101327 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 579
Abstract
(1) Background: Interleukin 17 (IL17) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) elevate the risk of metabolic and liver diseases. (2) Methods: This study’s objective was to explore the association of IL17 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with MASLD susceptibility and test their effect on serum [...] Read more.
(1) Background: Interleukin 17 (IL17) and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) elevate the risk of metabolic and liver diseases. (2) Methods: This study’s objective was to explore the association of IL17 and TLR4 gene polymorphisms with MASLD susceptibility and test their effect on serum IL17 and TLR4 levels. A total of 43 patients with MASLD (MASH/MAFL) and 38 healthy individuals were genotyped for IL17F-A7488G, IL17A-G197A, TLR4-Asp299Gly, and TLR4-Thr399Ile polymorphisms using PCR-RFLP. ELISA methods determined IL17F, IL17A, and TLR4 serum levels. (3) Conclusions: Patients carrying the variant genotypes (A/G + G/G) of IL17-A7448G (OR = 5.25), (G/A + A/A) of IL17-G197A (OR = 10.57), (Asp/Gly + Gly/Gly) of TLR4-Asp299Gly (OR = 3.52), or (Thr/Ile + Ile/Ile) of TLR4-Thr399Ile (OR = 9.87) had significantly increased odds of MASH. Genotype (G/A + A/A) of IL17-G197A was significantly associated with the odds of MAFL (p = 0.0166). Allele A of the IL17-G197A polymorphism was significantly related to increased odds of MAFL (OR = 4.13, p = 0.0133). In contrast, allele A of IL17-G197A (OR = 5.41, p = 0.008), allele Gly of TLR4-Asp299Gly (OR = 3.19, p = 0.046), and allele Ile of TLR4-Thr399Ile (OR = 6.94, p = 0.008) polymorphisms were significantly related to an increased risk of MASH. Allele A of IL17A-G197A, allele Gly of TLR4-Asp299Gly, and allele Ile of TLR4-Thr399Ile gene polymorphisms were significantly associated with the increased odds of MASLD. In patients with MASLD, we found significant influence from the IL17A-G197A gene polymorphism on IL17F levels (p = 0.0343). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Health: The Interplay between NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD and Cardiovascular Disease)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1189 KiB  
Article
Fractional Flow Reserve Implications for Clinical Decision Making in Coronary Artery Disease
by Andrei Grib, Marcel Abras, Artiom Surev and Livi Grib
Life 2024, 14(10), 1326; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101326 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 598
Abstract
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is regarded as the gold standard for assessing the functional significance of coronary artery lesions. However, its utilization in clinical practice remains limited. This study aims to determine whether FFR results can influence treatment decisions for coronary artery disease [...] Read more.
Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is regarded as the gold standard for assessing the functional significance of coronary artery lesions. However, its utilization in clinical practice remains limited. This study aims to determine whether FFR results can influence treatment decisions for coronary artery disease compared to visual assessments of angiographic images. We conducted a retrospective study involving 63 patients diagnosed with either chronic coronary syndrome (n = 39, 61.9%) or acute coronary syndrome (n = 24, 38.1%) who underwent an FFR assessment. Three experienced interventional cardiologists (>300 PCI procedures/year) reevaluated 105 ambiguous coronary lesions in these patients, blinded to the FFR results. The objective was to assess lesion significance and determine the treatment strategy based on a visual angiographic evaluation. The three operators reached concordant agreement (≥two operators) to perform PCI in 60 (57.1%) of the evaluated lesions based on the angiographic assessment. Of these, nine lesions (15%) were deemed functionally non-significant by FFR (FFR > 0.80). Conversely, they agreed to defer PCI in 45 (42.9%) lesions, but 4 lesions (8.9%) were found to be functionally significant (FFR ≤ 0.80) and required a re-evaluation for PCI. Visual-guided decision making by interventional cardiologists shows variability and does not always align with the functional significance of coronary lesions as determined by FFR. Incorporating FFR into routine decision making could enhance treatment accuracy and patient outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Management of Ischemia and Heart Failure—2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 290 KiB  
Article
30 Years of Change: Declining Motor Fitness and Anthropometric Shifts in Polish University Students (1994–2024)
by Robert Podstawski and Krzysztof Borysławski
Life 2024, 14(10), 1325; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101325 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 539
Abstract
Background: To assess changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of male and female Polish university students between 1994 and 2024. Methods: The first study was conducted in 1994 on 712 female and 495 male university students aged 19–25 years (19.94 ± 1.09), [...] Read more.
Background: To assess changes in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of male and female Polish university students between 1994 and 2024. Methods: The first study was conducted in 1994 on 712 female and 495 male university students aged 19–25 years (19.94 ± 1.09), and the second study was conducted in 2024 on 323 female and 339 male university students aged 19–25 years (19.92 ± 1.08). The participants’ body mass and height were measured, and the students participated in a modified version of Pilicz’s test consisting of four motor ability tests. The changes in the students’ performance over time were also analyzed in the context of their socioeconomic status (SES), including the place of permanent residence and the parents’ education. Results: The students’ BMI values (as well as body mass and body height in female students) were significantly higher (p < 0.001) in 2024 than in 1994. The male students examined in 1994 demonstrated significantly higher strength abilities in the medicine ball forward throw test. In turn, the females studied in 1994 received significantly better scores in motor ability tests, including the zig-zag run, 1-Minute Burpee Test, and the medicine ball forward throw (29.4 s, 22 cycles, 591.3 cm, respectively) than those examined in 2024 (30.1 s, 19.3 cycles, and 463.3 cm, respectively). The variations in the results were similar when the participants’ SES was considered in the analysis, which suggests that these factors had no significant effect on the analyzed characteristics over time. Conclusions: This study revealed a greater decline in the anthropometric and motor characteristics of female than male university students over a period of 30 years. The observed changes were not influenced by SES factors such as the place of permanent residence or the parents’ education. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
3 pages, 146 KiB  
Editorial
Various Viewpoints to Investigate the Origins of Life Are Needed
by Tony Z. Jia and Kuhan Chandru
Life 2024, 14(10), 1324; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101324 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 759
Abstract
How life first arose on Earth is a mystery that humankind has sought to understand for millennia, and includes scientific, philosophical, societal, and religious aspects, amongst others [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Feature Papers in Origins of Life)
7 pages, 1203 KiB  
Review
Proposal of a Theoretically Feasible Method to Perform Perilymph Sampling in Clinical Settings
by Federico Maria Gioacchini, Massimo Re, Alfonso Scarpa, Giuseppe Chiarella, Pasquale Viola, Davide Pisani, Giannicola Iannella, Massimo Ralli and Arianna Di Stadio
Life 2024, 14(10), 1323; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101323 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 668
Abstract
The ability to analyze perilymph could allow inner ear pathologies to be studied. However, today, perilymph sampling is only performed for research purposes because of the risk of negative outcomes such as hearing loss or balance disorders. This paper aims to analyze the [...] Read more.
The ability to analyze perilymph could allow inner ear pathologies to be studied. However, today, perilymph sampling is only performed for research purposes because of the risk of negative outcomes such as hearing loss or balance disorders. This paper aims to analyze the current literature on perilymph sampling and propose a method to collect perilymph in clinical settings. The published literature on perilymph sampling and its analyses was screened, and the results were analyzed and discussed in this mini review. Also, articles that discussed microneedle technology were reviewed and included in the analysis of the data. Based on the results of this review, we would like to propose a feasible technique to perform perilymph sampling in clinical settings. A total of eight studies analyzing perilymph were identified; data on proteomic, metabolomic and miRNA features present within human perilymph were collected and described. Two articles describing the use and auditory outcomes post microneedle drug injection into the inner ear were identified. Based on the methods for perilymph sampling described in humans and the recent innovations introduced by the use of microneedles, we suggested a feasible method to collect perilymph in the outpatient setting. The analysis of perilymph undoubtedly represents a valid instrument to fully understand inner ear diseases. A combination of traditional and innovative techniques, such as gaining access to the round window through the transcanalar approach using micro-endoscopes and microneedles to perform sampling, might simplify the sampling procedure and make it practicable in a clinical setting. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

20 pages, 11630 KiB  
Article
Pangenome Data Analysis Reveals Characteristics of Resistance Gene Analogs Associated with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum Resistance in Sunflower
by Yan Lu, Jiaying Huang, Dongqi Liu, Xiangjiu Kong, Yang Song and Lan Jing
Life 2024, 14(10), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101322 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 583
Abstract
The sunflower, an important oilseed crop and food source across the world, is susceptible to several pathogens, which cause severe losses in sunflower production. The utilization of genetic resistance is the most economical, effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Based on the sunflower [...] Read more.
The sunflower, an important oilseed crop and food source across the world, is susceptible to several pathogens, which cause severe losses in sunflower production. The utilization of genetic resistance is the most economical, effective measure to prevent infectious diseases. Based on the sunflower pangenome, in this study, we explored the variability of resistance gene analogs (RGAs) within the species. According to a comparative analysis of RGA candidates in the sunflower pangenome using the RGAugury pipeline, a total of 1344 RGAs were identified, comprising 1107 conserved, 199 varied, and 38 rare RGAs. We also identified RGAs associated with resistance against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (S. sclerotiorum) in sunflower at the quantitative trait locus (QTL). A total of 61 RGAs were found to be located at four quantitative trait loci (QTLs). Through a detailed expression analysis of RGAs in one susceptible and two tolerant sunflower inbred lines (ILs) across various time points post inoculation, we discovered that 348 RGAs exhibited differential expression in response to Sclerotinia head rot (SHR), with 17 of these differentially expressed RGAs being situated within the QTL regions. In addition, 15 RGA candidates had gene introgression. Our data provide a better understanding of RGAs, which facilitate genomics-based improvements in disease resistance in sunflower. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Plant Science)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 4869 KiB  
Article
The Outcomes of Adult Acquired Buried Penis Surgical Reconstruction
by Marco Falcone, Natalia Plamadeala, Lorenzo Cirigliano, Mirko Preto, Federica Peretti, Ilaria Ferro, Martina Scavone, Emanuele Zupo and Paolo Gontero
Life 2024, 14(10), 1321; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101321 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 607
Abstract
Adult Acquired Buried Penis (AABP) is a morbid condition that often requires surgical intervention. This retrospective study of 46 patients who underwent AABP surgery from November 2017 to July 2023 evaluates surgical outcomes, functional outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes. The median follow-up (FU) was [...] Read more.
Adult Acquired Buried Penis (AABP) is a morbid condition that often requires surgical intervention. This retrospective study of 46 patients who underwent AABP surgery from November 2017 to July 2023 evaluates surgical outcomes, functional outcomes, and patient-reported outcomes. The median follow-up (FU) was 46 months. Patients were categorized by surgical complexity using the Pariser classification, with 76.1% undergoing high-complexity procedures (Pariser ≥ III). Common comorbidities included obesity (58.7%), prior circumcision (52.2%), and hypertension (52.2%). The low-complexity group had a shorter hospital stay (p = 0.02). No other significant differences were noted between groups in terms of Body Mass Index, operative time, or FU. Sexual dysfunction (45.7%) and urinary issues (38.1%) were the main reasons for surgical consultation. Skin grafting was required in 63.0% of patients; partial graft loss was more common in full thicknes skin graft group (p = 0.04). Postoperative complications occurred in 32.6% of patients, 13.3% of which were classified severe (Clavien ≥ III). The median increase in stretched penile length was 2 cm. The recurrence rate was 21.7%. The 12-month recurrence-free survival rate was 89.1%. All groups saw significant improvements in urinary and sexual function post-surgery (p < 0.05), and high patient satisfaction was reported (90.3%). Despite the complication rate, AABP surgery significantly improves quality of life, with ongoing advancements in technique anticipated to enhance outcomes further. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

21 pages, 1553 KiB  
Article
Selection and Effect of Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria on Pine Seedlings (Pinus montezumae and Pinus patula)
by Francisco David Moreno-Valencia, Miguel Ángel Plascencia-Espinosa, Yolanda Elizabeth Morales-García and Jesús Muñoz-Rojas
Life 2024, 14(10), 1320; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101320 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 910
Abstract
Forest cover is deteriorating rapidly due to anthropogenic causes, making its restoration urgent. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could offer a viable solution to ensure successful reforestation efforts. This study aimed to select bacterial strains with mechanisms that promote plant growth and enhance seedling [...] Read more.
Forest cover is deteriorating rapidly due to anthropogenic causes, making its restoration urgent. Plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) could offer a viable solution to ensure successful reforestation efforts. This study aimed to select bacterial strains with mechanisms that promote plant growth and enhance seedling development. The bacterial strains used in this study were isolated from the rhizosphere and endophyte regions of Pinus montezumae Lamb. and Pinus patula Schl. et Cham., two Mexican conifer species commonly used for reforestation purposes. Sixteen bacterial strains were selected for their ability to produce auxins, chitinase, and siderophores, perform nitrogen fixation, and solubilize inorganic phosphates; they also harbored genes encoding antimicrobial production and ACC deaminase. The adhesion to seeds, germination rate, and seedling response of P. montezumae and P. patula were performed following inoculation with 10 bacterial strains exhibiting high plant growth-promoting potential. Some strains demonstrated the capacity to enhance seedling growth. The selected strains were taxonomically characterized and belonged to the genus Serratia, Buttiauxella, and Bacillus. These strains exhibited at least two mechanisms of action, including the production of indole-3-acetic acid, biological nitrogen fixation, and phosphate solubilization, and could serve as potential alternatives for the reforestation of affected areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Feature Papers in Microbiology)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

8 pages, 619 KiB  
Article
Perioperative and Long-Term Outcomes After Combined Liver and Kidney Transplantation: A Single-Center Experience
by Kosta Cerović, Benjamin Hadžialjević, Simon Hawlina and Blaž Trotovšek
Life 2024, 14(10), 1319; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101319 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 662
Abstract
Combined liver–kidney transplantation (CLKT) has evolved as a therapeutic option for patients with concurrent end-stage liver and renal diseases. This study evaluates the perioperative and long-term outcomes of CLKT at a single center in Slovenia, highlighting the challenges and successes of simultaneous organ [...] Read more.
Combined liver–kidney transplantation (CLKT) has evolved as a therapeutic option for patients with concurrent end-stage liver and renal diseases. This study evaluates the perioperative and long-term outcomes of CLKT at a single center in Slovenia, highlighting the challenges and successes of simultaneous organ transplantation. We retrospectively analyzed all patients undergoing simultaneous CLKT at the University Medical Centre Ljubljana from April 2014 to June 2023. Data on demographics, cause of liver and kidney disease, operative details, postoperative complications, patient and graft survival, and follow-up were collected and analyzed. Five patients aged 27 to 60 years underwent CLKT within the study period. All transplants involved deceased donors with whole-liver grafts. Indications for CLKT were polycystic liver disease (n = 3), Caroli’s disease (n = 1), and alcoholic cirrhosis (n = 1). The mean follow-up duration was 45.2 months, with a 100% survival rate. The incidence of surgical and postoperative complications was low. This pioneering series of simultaneous CLKTs in Slovenia demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of the procedure in smaller transplant centers. Despite challenges, including T cell-mediated kidney rejection and surgical complications, the study emphasizes the importance of comprehensive postoperative care and management in optimizing outcomes for CLKT recipients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 3185 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Szigetvár Medicinal Water on HaCaT Cells Exposed to Dithranol
by István Szabó, Ágnes Szenczi, Afshin Zand, Tímea Varjas and Csaba Varga
Life 2024, 14(10), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101318 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 685
Abstract
(1) Introduction: Topical dithranol is still commonly used today as an effective treatment for psoriasis. Dithranol treatment is often supplemented with balneotherapy, which has been shown to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. The inorganic salts (sulfhide, selenium, zinc) are usually thought to [...] Read more.
(1) Introduction: Topical dithranol is still commonly used today as an effective treatment for psoriasis. Dithranol treatment is often supplemented with balneotherapy, which has been shown to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. The inorganic salts (sulfhide, selenium, zinc) are usually thought to be responsible for the effect. The antioxidant effect of the waters is thought to be behind the therapeutic effect, for which inorganic substances (sulfides, selenium, zinc) are thought to be responsible. The organic matter content of medicinal waters is also particularly important, as humic acids, which are often found in medicinal waters, have antioxidant effects. (2) Methods: In this short-term experiment, we aimed to test the possible protective effect of Szigetvár medicinal water and its organic matter isolate on HaCaT cells exposed to dithranol. Malondialdehyde levels were measured, and RT-qPCR was used to investigate the gene expression of selected cytokines relevant in the oxidative stress response (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GM-CSF) and the expression of microRNA-21. (3) Results: Szigetvár medicinal water and the organic isolate prevented the increase in malondialdehyde levels caused by dithranol treatment. The cytokine gene expressions elevated by dithranol exposure were reduced by the treatment. (4) Conclusions: Szigetvár medicinal water and organic substances alone may have a protective effect on patients’ healthy skin surfaces against dithranol damage. We also demonstrated that the organic compounds are also responsible for the protective effect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 4072 KiB  
Article
Erosive Tarsal Conjunctival Lesions Following Immunogenic Events in Early Development of Ocular Graft-vs-Host Disease
by Marcus G. Kohnstam, Pier Luigi Surico and Zhonghui K. Luo
Life 2024, 14(10), 1317; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101317 - 17 Oct 2024
Viewed by 578
Abstract
Purpose: Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) affects more than half of the patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The disease onset and the pathogenesis of oGVHD are not well understood. We hope to identify the triggers and explore the clinical signs and [...] Read more.
Purpose: Ocular graft-versus-host disease (oGVHD) affects more than half of the patients following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). The disease onset and the pathogenesis of oGVHD are not well understood. We hope to identify the triggers and explore the clinical signs and symptoms of oGVHD development at the early stages. Methods: The records of post-HSCT patients seen consecutively in a 1-year span in a single provider’s clinic were reviewed. The history, symptoms, and clinical findings of the patients with erosive tarsal conjunctival lesions (ETCLs) were analyzed. Results: Out of the 228 patients screened, 19 had clinically witnessed ETCL in at least one eye during the period. Twelve (63%) patients had a never-before-described nodular erosion on the subtarsal conjunctiva; seven (37%) had previously described pseudomembranous erosions. The ocular symptom onset was within 1 month after immunosuppression (IS) taper, vaccination, or donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) in 16 of the 19 patients. While 16 (84%) patients reported painless mucous discharge, only 9 (47%) reported dryness as the initial symptom. Within 6 months, only 4 (21%) had discharge but 15 (82%) patients endorsed dryness. Subepithelial conjunctival fibrosis followed ETCL immediately in situ. Corneal punctate staining increased with time, while aqueous tear production decreased. Conclusions: The ETCL described is likely one of the earliest detectable findings of oGVHD and triggered by certain immunogenic events. The ocular symptoms of wet mucous discharge should be considered a warning sign for oGVHD onset, particularly when it occurs shortly after prominently immunogenic events. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Eye Diseases: Diagnosis and Treatment, 2nd Edition)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 5472 KiB  
Article
The Nephroprotective Effect of Punica granatum Peel Extract on LPS-Induced Acute Kidney Injury
by Sena Sahin Aktura, Kazim Sahin, Levent Tumkaya, Tolga Mercantepe, Atilla Topcu, Esra Pinarbas and Zihni Acar Yazici
Life 2024, 14(10), 1316; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101316 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 922
Abstract
Sepsis is an exaggerated immune response resulting from systemic inflammation, which can damage tissues and organs. Acute kidney injury has been detected in at least one-third of patients with sepsis. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury increases the risk of a secondary infection. Rapid diagnosis [...] Read more.
Sepsis is an exaggerated immune response resulting from systemic inflammation, which can damage tissues and organs. Acute kidney injury has been detected in at least one-third of patients with sepsis. Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury increases the risk of a secondary infection. Rapid diagnosis and appropriate initiation of antibiotics can significantly reduce mortality and morbidity. However, microorganisms are known to develop resistance to antibiotics. Estimations indicate that the annual casualties caused by microbial resistance will surpass cancer fatalities by 2050. The prevalence of bacterial infections and their growing antibiotic resistance has brought immediate attention to the search for novel treatments. Plant-derived supplements contain numerous bioactive components with therapeutic potential against a variety of conditions, including infections. Punica granatum peel is rich in phenolic compounds. The purpose of this study was to determine the anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial properties of P. granatum peel extract (PGPE) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury. Experimental groups were Control, LPS (10 mg/kg LPS, intraperitoneally), PGPE100, and PGPE300 (100 and 300 mg/mL PGPE via oral gavage, respectively, for 7 days). According to biochemical results, serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cr) and C-reactive protein (CRP), kidney tissue thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels significantly decreased in the PGPE groups compared to the LPS group. Histopathological and immunohistochemical findings revealed that toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) level and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) expression increased in the LPS group compared to the Control group. In addition, the anti-Gram-negative activity showed a dose-dependent effect on Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa with the agar well diffusion method and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC value was remarkable, especially on A. baumannii. We conclude that PGPE has the potential to generate desirable anti-bacterial and anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced acute kidney injury in rats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Natural Compounds: Therapeutic Insights and Applications)
►▼ Show Figures

Figure 1

Show export options expand_more Show export options expand_less
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
 
Displaying articles 1-134
Previous Issue
Next Issue
Back to TopTop