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Life
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Advances in Knee Biomechanics
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Advances in Knee Biomechanics

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 2 December 2024 | Viewed by 9898

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Jason Shearn

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The Noyes Orthopaedic Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Interests: tendon; ligament; injury; repair; healing; biomechanics

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Knee biomechanical studies have produced insight into how the joint functions, activities that lead to injury, treatment options, rehabilitation strategies, etc., but these studies have likely only revealed a small fraction of the knowledge to be gained. We need more in-depth and comprehensive knee biomechanical studies to understand which characteristics are critical to restore during repair and track during recovery to have a significant, positive clinical impact. We have seen significant advancements in computational and experimental capabilities that have expanded the field of knee biomechanics. The advanced techniques are necessary for the translation of benchtop research and the creation and evaluation of novel treatments to significantly advance human health. The aim of this Special Issue is to examine the state-of-the-art techniques used for the study of knee biomechanics. We look forward to submissions across the spectrum from in vitro and in vivo, to computational studies, as well as studies that utilize animal and human models.

Dr. Jason Shearn
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • knee
  • tendon
  • ligament
  • injury
  • repair
  • healing
  • biomechanics
  • advanced techniques

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1228 KiB  
Article
Biomechanic Differences Between Anticipated and Unanticipated Volleyball Block Jump: Implications for Lower Limb Injury Risk
by Hongxin Zhao, Xiangyu Liu, Linfei Dan, Datao Xu and Jianshe Li
Life 2024, 14(11), 1357; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111357 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 716
Abstract
Volleyball is a high-intensity sport characterized by repetitive jumping, sudden directional changes, and overhead movements, all of which significantly increase the risk of injuries, particularly to the shoulders, knees, and ankles. Despite the frequency of injuries caused by actions like blocking and spiking, [...] Read more.
Volleyball is a high-intensity sport characterized by repetitive jumping, sudden directional changes, and overhead movements, all of which significantly increase the risk of injuries, particularly to the shoulders, knees, and ankles. Despite the frequency of injuries caused by actions like blocking and spiking, there has been limited research focused on the specific biomechanical risk factors unique to volleyball. This study aimed to investigate the lower limb biomechanics during block jumps in both the dominant and non-dominant directions, under both anticipated and unanticipated conditions, in fifteen elite male volleyball players. Kinematic and kinetic data from the ankle, knee, and hip joints were recorded. Our results revealed statistically significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant directions at the ankle, knee, and hip joints. The non-dominant direction exhibited a greater ankle dorsiflexion angle and velocity, as well as higher knee flexion angle, velocity, moment, power, and abduction moment, along with increased hip flexion angle and power. Additionally, unanticipated movements led to increases in vertical ground reaction force (vGRF), hip extension moment, and flexion power, while ankle dorsiflexion plantarflexion velocity and knee flexion power decreased. It appears that movements in the dominant direction were stiffer and less cushioned, potentially increasing the risk of injury. While the non-dominant direction provided better shock absorption, it also elevated the knee valgus moment, which could increase the load on the knee. Furthermore, in unanticipated situations, athletes with short reaction times, unable to quickly adjust their automated movement patterns, faced a higher risk of limb overuse, thereby increasing the likelihood of injury. In practice, coaches should consider differences in limb coordination and movement direction, incorporating unilateral preventive exercises to reduce the risk of injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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11 pages, 1500 KiB  
Article
Will Mobile-Bearing Total Knee Arthroplasty Be Lost to History? A Comparative Study of Long-Term Follow-Up
by Sangrim Kim, Joseph Yang, Seokhwan Moon and Sungwook Choi
Life 2024, 14(10), 1344; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101344 - 21 Oct 2024
Viewed by 573
Abstract
Mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were introduced as an alternative to fixed-bearing (FB) implants because of their theoretical advantages related to femorotibial rotational mismatch. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of MB and FB [...] Read more.
Mobile-bearing (MB) total knee arthroplasty (TKA) implants were introduced as an alternative to fixed-bearing (FB) implants because of their theoretical advantages related to femorotibial rotational mismatch. The purpose of this study is to compare the clinical and radiologic outcomes of MB and FB TKA after approximately 13 years of follow-up. We compared the results of 88 patients with a mean age of 66 years who had received a rotating platform MB implant or a FB implant. The mean follow-up was 13.6 years. The patients were assessed clinically (VAS, ROM, KSS, WOMAC scores) and radiographically before and 13 years after operation. There were no statistically significant differences between the FB and MB groups in terms of clinical outcomes and radiological outcomes (p > 0.05 for all). Although the incidence of complications was higher in the MB group, the findings were not statistically significant compared to the FB group (p > 0.05 for all). Although there were no significant differences in the clinical and radiologic outcomes between the FB and MB groups, the possible higher risk of osteolysis or aseptic loosening in the MB group could be an important clinical implication when selecting the TKA implant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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15 pages, 2329 KiB  
Article
A New Methodology for the Accurate Measurement of Tibiofemoral Kinematics in Human Cadaveric Knees: An Evaluation of the Anterior–Posterior Laxity Pre- and Post-Cruciate Ligament Resection
by Saskia A. Brendle, Sven Krueger, Joachim Grifka, Peter E. Müller and Thomas M. Grupp
Life 2024, 14(7), 877; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070877 - 14 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 911
Abstract
Anterior–posterior (AP) stability is an important measure of knee performance after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To improve the stabilizing effect of implants designed to compensate for the loss of the cruciate ligaments, it is important to understand the tibiofemoral contact situation within the [...] Read more.
Anterior–posterior (AP) stability is an important measure of knee performance after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). To improve the stabilizing effect of implants designed to compensate for the loss of the cruciate ligaments, it is important to understand the tibiofemoral contact situation within the native ligamentous situation of the knee and how it changes after cruciate ligament resection. This in vitro study introduces a new approach to accurately measure the tibiofemoral kinematics in a six-degrees-of-freedom joint motion simulator by tracking landmark-based coordinate systems and their corresponding bone geometries. The tibiofemoral contact situation was investigated by projecting the medial and lateral flexion facet centers onto the tibial plateau under AP shear forces across various flexion angles in thirteen knees. Tests were conducted pre- and post-cruciate ligament resection. Post-cruciate ligament resection, the femoral condyles shifted closer to or even exceeded the posterior border of the tibial plateau, but only slightly closer to the anterior border. This study presents a new methodology for measuring the tibiofemoral kinematics that can be applied to multiple loading profiles. It provides a basis for further investigations, including passive or active muscle forces, to enhance the design of total knee protheses and improve surgical outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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15 pages, 4348 KiB  
Article
Impact of Structural Compliance of a Six Degree of Freedom Joint Simulator on Virtual Ligament Force Calculation in Total Knee Endoprosthesis Testing
by Eric Kleist, Paul Henke, Leo Ruehrmund, Maeruan Kebbach, Rainer Bader and Christoph Woernle
Life 2024, 14(4), 531; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040531 - 21 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1305
Abstract
The AMTI VIVO™ six degree of freedom joint simulator allows reproducible preclinical testing of joint endoprostheses under specific kinematic and loading conditions. When testing total knee endoprosthesis, the articulating femoral and tibial components are each mounted on an actuator with two and four [...] Read more.
The AMTI VIVO™ six degree of freedom joint simulator allows reproducible preclinical testing of joint endoprostheses under specific kinematic and loading conditions. When testing total knee endoprosthesis, the articulating femoral and tibial components are each mounted on an actuator with two and four degrees of freedom, respectively. To approximate realistic physiological conditions with respect to soft tissues, the joint simulator features an integrated virtual ligament model that calculates the restoring forces of the ligament apparatus to be applied by the actuators. During joint motion, the locations of the ligament insertion points are calculated depending on both actuators’ coordinates. In the present study, we demonstrate that unintended elastic deformations of the actuators due to the specifically high contact forces in the artificial knee joint have a considerable impact on the calculated ligament forces. This study aims to investigate the effect of this structural compliance on experimental results. While the built-in algorithm for calculating the ligament forces cannot be altered by the user, a reduction of the ligament force deviations due to the elastic deformations could be achieved by preloading the articulating implant components in the reference configuration. As a proof of concept, a knee flexion motion with varying ligament conditions was simulated on the VIVO simulator and compared to data derived from a musculoskeletal multibody model of a total knee endoprosthesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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Review

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17 pages, 445 KiB  
Review
Sports Injuries in Basketball Players: A Systematic Review
by Nikola Aksović, Saša Bubanj, Bojan Bjelica, Miodrag Kocić, Ljubiša Lilić, Milan Zelenović, Dušan Stanković, Filip Milanović, Lazar Pajović, Ilma Čaprić, Vladan Milić, Tatiana Dobrescu and Constantin Sufaru
Life 2024, 14(7), 898; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070898 - 19 Jul 2024
Viewed by 4200
Abstract
(1) Background: The objective of this systematic review was to collect relevant data in the available contemporary studies about sports injuries of basketball players and explain differences in sports injuries relative to gender, location, sport, and position on the court; (2) Methods: The [...] Read more.
(1) Background: The objective of this systematic review was to collect relevant data in the available contemporary studies about sports injuries of basketball players and explain differences in sports injuries relative to gender, location, sport, and position on the court; (2) Methods: The papers were searched digitally using PubMed, MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect databases, from 1990 to 2024; (3) Results: The most frequent severe injuries for both genders are knee and ankle injuries and the most frequent forms of injury are ankle sprain and ligament strain. The most frequent injuries occur during running and after contact with the ball. Shooting guards sustain the highest injury rate followed by centers and point guards, while guards have the highest rate of adductor muscle injury; and (4) Conclusions: Studies indicate that ankle and knee injuries are prevalent among basketball players, with ankle sprains being particularly prevalent. Knee injuries are more common in female basketball players, including ACL injuries. Various factors contribute to injuries, including the biomechanics of jumping, landing, sudden changes in direction, and the physical demands placed on the body during the game. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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Other

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9 pages, 1462 KiB  
Technical Note
Effects of Metatarsal Foot Orthosis on Biomechanical 3D Ground Reaction Force in Individuals with Morton Foot Syndrome during Gait: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Yongwook Kim
Life 2024, 14(3), 388; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030388 - 14 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1260
Abstract
Morton’s foot syndrome (MFS) is characterized by a distally longer head of the second metatarsal bone compared to the head of the first metatarsal bone. Few studies have investigated the effects of a foot orthosis on kinetic characteristics, such as ground reaction force [...] Read more.
Morton’s foot syndrome (MFS) is characterized by a distally longer head of the second metatarsal bone compared to the head of the first metatarsal bone. Few studies have investigated the effects of a foot orthosis on kinetic characteristics, such as ground reaction force (GRF), during walking in individuals with MFS. This study aimed to verify dynamic GRF using a 3D motion analysis system, including two platforms with and without a foot orthosis condition. Kinetic GRF data of 26 participants with MFS were collected using a motion analysis system and a force platform. Participants were asked to walk wearing standard shoes or shoes with a pad-type foot orthosis. Repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the kinetic GRF data in the stance phase during gait according to the side of the leg and orthotic conditions for MFS. The late sagittal and frontal peak forces showed that the presence of a foot orthosis condition significantly increased the GRF when compared with the absence of a foot orthosis condition for both sides of the feet (p < 0.05). In addition, the second vertical peak force of the GRF showed that the presence of a foot orthosis condition significantly increased the GFR when compared with the absence of a foot orthosis condition on the side of the right foot (p = 0.023). Significant effects were observed in the late sagittal and frontal peak GRFs when wearing the pad-type foot orthosis in individuals with MFS during gait. Thus, even if there are no signs and symptoms of MFS in patients diagnosed with the disease condition, clinical interventions, such as a foot orthosis, that can be simply applied to shoe insoles are needed to manage and prevent various musculoskeletal disorders that may develop in the future. It was hypothesized that when wearing a foot orthosis, the participants would walk with increased GRF during gait compared to those without an orthosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Knee Biomechanics)
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