Life | Special Issue : Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition

Research

Jump to: Review, Other

16 pages, 3185 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effect of Szigetvár Medicinal Water on HaCaT Cells Exposed to Dithranol

by István Szabó, Ágnes Szenczi, Afshin Zand, Tímea Varjas and Csaba Varga

Life 2024, 14(10), 1318; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101318 - 17 Oct 2024

Viewed by 685

Abstract

(1) Introduction: Topical dithranol is still commonly used today as an effective treatment for psoriasis. Dithranol treatment is often supplemented with balneotherapy, which has been shown to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. The inorganic salts (sulfhide, selenium, zinc) are usually thought to [...] Read more.

(1) Introduction: Topical dithranol is still commonly used today as an effective treatment for psoriasis. Dithranol treatment is often supplemented with balneotherapy, which has been shown to increase effectiveness and reduce side effects. The inorganic salts (sulfhide, selenium, zinc) are usually thought to be responsible for the effect. The antioxidant effect of the waters is thought to be behind the therapeutic effect, for which inorganic substances (sulfides, selenium, zinc) are thought to be responsible. The organic matter content of medicinal waters is also particularly important, as humic acids, which are often found in medicinal waters, have antioxidant effects. (2) Methods: In this short-term experiment, we aimed to test the possible protective effect of Szigetvár medicinal water and its organic matter isolate on HaCaT cells exposed to dithranol. Malondialdehyde levels were measured, and RT-qPCR was used to investigate the gene expression of selected cytokines relevant in the oxidative stress response (IL-6, IL-8, TNF-α, GM-CSF) and the expression of microRNA-21. (3) Results: Szigetvár medicinal water and the organic isolate prevented the increase in malondialdehyde levels caused by dithranol treatment. The cytokine gene expressions elevated by dithranol exposure were reduced by the treatment. (4) Conclusions: Szigetvár medicinal water and organic substances alone may have a protective effect on patients’ healthy skin surfaces against dithranol damage. We also demonstrated that the organic compounds are also responsible for the protective effect. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 9298 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From Bank Preparation to Clinical Use of Homologous Skin Allografts in Wound Healing: A Sustainable Approach

by Laura Amoroso, Serena Agueci, Elisa Pianigiani, Francesca Ierardi, Laura Calabrese, Pietro Rubegni and Linda Tognetti

Life 2024, 14(10), 1285; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101285 - 11 Oct 2024

Viewed by 826

Abstract

Given progressive population ageing and the increase in the number of patients with comorbidities, the management of chronic and/or hard-to-heal wounds (HHWs) nowadays represents a common problem in many clinical settings. In these cases, standard strategies may not be sufficient. Autologous grafting represent [...] Read more.

Given progressive population ageing and the increase in the number of patients with comorbidities, the management of chronic and/or hard-to-heal wounds (HHWs) nowadays represents a common problem in many clinical settings. In these cases, standard strategies may not be sufficient. Autologous grafting represent the gold standard for permanent wound closure, but is almost never realized when the skin loss is extensive/the patient is young. The grafting of homologous skin/dermal tissue procured from cadaver donors (i.e., allografting) represents the best alternative, especially when the dermal component is lost. This request supports the activities of skin bank establishments (including donor screening, skin procurement, processing, storage, and distribution) that are regulated by specific guidelines and need to continuously meet quality standard requirements. The aim of this work is to both give specific insights of all the procedures implied in allograft preparation as well as an overview of their practical application in the treatment of different HHWs. The particular characteristics of each skin/dermal allograft released by Siena Skin Bank (cryopreserved/glycerol-preserved skin/de-epidermized dermis, acellular lyophilized de-epidermized dermis/reticular dermis) are also discussed. The exemplificative series of HHWs managed in the Dermatology Department of Siena were classified according their etiology into post-traumatic, vascular (arterial/venous/mixed/lymphatic), inflammatory, surgical, and heat/chemical burns. Globally, the clinical advantages obtained include: acceleration of healing process, pain sparing, resistance to bacterial contamination, dermal regeneration (instead of scarring), and better aesthetic–functional outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1279 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Primary Hyperhidrosis in Children—A Retrospective Study and a Short Review

by Florentina Nastase, Madalina Codruta Verenca, Elena Niculet, Diana Sabina Radaschin, Camelia Busila, Claudiu Ionut Vasile and Alin Laurentiu Tatu

Life 2024, 14(5), 645; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050645 - 19 May 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1688

Abstract

Primary hyperhidrosis (PH) is a relatively common chronic disorder, characterized by significant and uncontrollable sweating. The predominant areas of occurrence are hands, feet, head and armpits, and it affects both men and women equally, with a false impression of increased prevalence in women. [...] Read more.

Primary hyperhidrosis (PH) is a relatively common chronic disorder, characterized by significant and uncontrollable sweating. The predominant areas of occurrence are hands, feet, head and armpits, and it affects both men and women equally, with a false impression of increased prevalence in women. This study aims to determine the incidence of cases of hyperhidrosis, the gender of the patients and the environment of origin and to identify the most affected age groups and the distribution of hyperhidrosis, as well as creating a curve of cases within the time interval studied and their comparison with those in the specialized literature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 979 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Non-Cicatricial Alopecia and Its Association with Anthropometric Measurements and Nutritional Laboratory Markers

by Katarzyna Wróblewska-Kończalik, Mariola Pawlaczyk, Jerzy Kolasiński, Małgorzata Kolenda, Izabela Miechowicz, Agnieszka Seraszek-Jaros, Anna Kroma-Szal and Justyna Gornowicz-Porowska

Life 2024, 14(5), 609; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14050609 - 9 May 2024

Viewed by 1326

Abstract

Alopecia constitutes one of the most common dermatological disorders, and its steadily increasing prevalence is a cause for concern. Alopecia can be divided into two main categories, cicatricial/scarring and non-cicatricial/non-scarring, depending on the causes of hair loss and its patterns. The aim of [...] Read more.

Alopecia constitutes one of the most common dermatological disorders, and its steadily increasing prevalence is a cause for concern. Alopecia can be divided into two main categories, cicatricial/scarring and non-cicatricial/non-scarring, depending on the causes of hair loss and its patterns. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between anthropometric and nutritional laboratory parameters in Caucasian adult women and men with non-cicatricial alopecia. A total of 50 patients (37 with non-cicatricial alopecia and 13 healthy controls) were included in the study. Clinical examination and scalp trichoscopy were performed. The anthropometric and nutritional laboratory parameters were collected and analyzed. No statistically significant differences in the laboratory findings were found. The patients with non-cicatricial alopecia were statistically significantly younger as compared to the controls. An elevated risk of hair loss, which was detected among the younger participants, might be associated with a modern lifestyle and the so-called ‘Western diet’. It seems safe to assume that suboptimal nutrition and poor eating habits during childhood might constitute risk factors for early hair loss. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

10 pages, 1525 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

Supplementation of Nicotinic Acid and Its Derivatives Up-Regulates Cellular NAD⁺ Level Rather than Nicotinamide Derivatives in Cultured Normal Human Epidermal Keratinocytes

by Takahiro Oyama, Takumi Yamamoto, Takeshi Kameda, Takanori Kamiya, Hideaki Abe, Takehiko Abe and Sei-ichi Tanuma

Life 2024, 14(3), 413; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030413 - 20 Mar 2024

Viewed by 3283

Abstract

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes within mammalian cells, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and genetic regulation. In the majority of mammalian cellular contexts, NAD⁺ biosynthesis primarily relies on vitamin B3, including nicotinamide (NAM) [...] Read more.

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD⁺) plays a pivotal role in various physiological processes within mammalian cells, including energy metabolism, redox homeostasis, and genetic regulation. In the majority of mammalian cellular contexts, NAD⁺ biosynthesis primarily relies on vitamin B3, including nicotinamide (NAM) and nicotinic acid (NA). The concept of NAD⁺ augmentation therapy has recently emerged as a promising strategy to mitigate aging-associated phenomena, termed rejuvenation. Despite the involvement of diverse enzymatic cascades in NAD⁺ biosynthesis, certain cellular environments exhibit deficiencies in specific enzymes, suggesting cell type-dependent variability in optimal NAD⁺ precursor selection. However, the optimization of NAD⁺ precursors for topical formulations has received scant attention thus far. In the present investigation, we sought to delineate the most efficacious precursor for augmenting NAD⁺ levels in human skin keratinocytes. Remarkably, NA supplementation led to a significant 1.3-fold elevation in intracellular NAD⁺ levels, even in the presence of nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase inhibition by FK866. Additionally, NA mononucleotide demonstrated a 1.5-fold increase (but not significant) in NAD⁺ levels following 100 μM application. Conversely, NAM and its derivatives failed to elicit a NAD⁺ response in keratinocytes. Notably, NA supplementation elicited up-regulation of mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) and sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), indicative of its beneficial impact on mitochondrial function. Furthermore, NA mitigated rotenone-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation. Collectively, these findings advocate for the potential utility of NA in topical applications aimed at skin rejuvenation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects on Lipid Profile after One Year of Apremilast Therapy in Patients with Psoriasis: A Monocentric Experience

by Prisca Guerra, Antonella Di Cesare, Elia Rosi, Ilaria Scandagli, Gianmarco Silvi, Giulia Nunziati and Francesca Prignano

Life 2024, 14(3), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14030395 - 16 Mar 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1657

Abstract

Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, has shown promise to have a potential beneficial metabolic effect. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study on adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who underwent apremilast treatment over at least 12 and 52 weeks, respectively. Baseline characteristics, weight, lipid profile, [...] Read more.

Apremilast, a phosphodiesterase-4 inhibitor, has shown promise to have a potential beneficial metabolic effect. We conducted a single-centre retrospective study on adult patients with moderate-to-severe psoriasis who underwent apremilast treatment over at least 12 and 52 weeks, respectively. Baseline characteristics, weight, lipid profile, and fasting glucose levels were collected at baseline and at 12, 24, and 52 weeks. Furthermore, we conducted a narrative review of the current scientific knowledge on the metabolic effects of apremilast in patients with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis. We observed a significant reduction in average weight and body mass index (BMI) in patients treated with apremilast in both the initial and the subgroup analysis, a significant reduction in triglycerides levels at 24 and 52 weeks, and a significant increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels at 52 weeks, whereas there were no significant changes in total cholesterol or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) concentrations over the 52-week treatment period. These findings suggest a potential positive impact of apremilast on both weight management and lipid profile in individuals with moderate-to-severe psoriasis in the medium–long term. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 4964 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Sympathetic Reinnervation of Intact and Upper Follicle Xenografts into BALB/c-nu/nu Mice

by Xiu-Wen Chen, Na Ni, Xiao-Jun Xie, Ying-Lin Zhao, Wen-Zi Liang, Yu-Xin Huang and Chang-Min Lin

Life 2023, 13(11), 2163; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13112163 - 4 Nov 2023

Viewed by 1329

Abstract

Increasing concerns about hair loss affect people’s quality of life. Recent studies have found that sympathetic nerves play a positive role in regulating hair follicle stem cell activity to promote hair growth. However, no study has investigated sympathetic innervation of transplanted follicles. Rat [...] Read more.

Increasing concerns about hair loss affect people’s quality of life. Recent studies have found that sympathetic nerves play a positive role in regulating hair follicle stem cell activity to promote hair growth. However, no study has investigated sympathetic innervation of transplanted follicles. Rat vibrissa follicles were extracted and implanted under the dorsal skin of BALB/c-nu/nu mice using one of two types of follicles: (1) intact follicles, where transplants included bulbs, and (2) upper follicles, where transplants excluded bulbs. Follicular samples were collected for hematoxylin and eosin staining, immunofluorescence staining for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH, a sympathetic marker) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. At 37 days after implantation in both groups, follicles had entered anagen, with the growth of long hair shafts; tyrosine-hydroxylase-positive nerves were innervating follicles (1.45-fold); and norepinephrine concentrations (2.03-fold) were significantly increased compared to 5 days, but did not return to normal. We demonstrate the survival of intact and upper follicle xenografts and the partial restoration of sympathetic reinnervations of both transplanted follicles. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 523 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Infantile Hemangioma: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study

by Florica Sandru, Alina Turenschi, Andreea Teodora Constantin, Alexandru Dinulescu, Andreea-Maria Radu and Ioana Rosca

Life 2023, 13(9), 1868; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091868 - 4 Sep 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1965

Abstract

(1) Background: With an incidence of 4–10%, infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most encountered benign tumors in infancy. Low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, female sex, multiple gestations, and family history of IH are some of the statistically proven risk factors for developing IH. [...] Read more.

(1) Background: With an incidence of 4–10%, infantile hemangiomas (IH) are the most encountered benign tumors in infancy. Low birth weight (LBW), prematurity, female sex, multiple gestations, and family history of IH are some of the statistically proven risk factors for developing IH. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of IH in our clinic and its connection to maternal and perinatal factors. (2) Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, over three years (2020–2022), at the Clinical Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Prof. Dr. P. Sârbu”, in Bucharest, Romania. (3) Results: During this period, 12,206 newborns were born and we identified 14 infants with infantile hemangioma. In our study, the prevalence of infantile hemangioma was 0.11%. The prevalence of IH in pregnancies obtained through in vitro fertilization was 1%, in twin pregnancies it was 2.27%, and in those with placenta previa, it was 4.16%. (4) Conclusions: Our findings provide a solid image of the prevalence of IH in our country and underline that the development of IH is strongly connected to maternal and perinatal variables, such as: preterm newborns, in vitro fertilization, high blood pressure, anemia, hypothyroidism, placenta previa, and twin pregnancy. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 5284 KiB

Open AccessArticle

From In Silico Simulation between TGF-β Receptors and Quercetin to Clinical Insight of a Medical Device Containing Allium cepa: Its Efficacy and Tolerability on Post-Surgical Scars

by Terenzio Cosio, Gaetana Costanza, Filadelfo Coniglione, Alice Romeo, Federico Iacovelli, Laura Diluvio, Emi Dika, Ruslana Gaeta Shumak, Piero Rossi, Luca Bianchi, Mattia Falconi and Elena Campione

Life 2023, 13(8), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081781 - 21 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1832

Abstract

(1) Objective: Keloid and hypertrophic scars are a challenge in clinical management, causing functional and psychological discomfort. These pathological scars are caused by a proliferation of dermal tissue following skin injury. The TGF-β/Smad signal pathway in the fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is involved in [...] Read more.

(1) Objective: Keloid and hypertrophic scars are a challenge in clinical management, causing functional and psychological discomfort. These pathological scars are caused by a proliferation of dermal tissue following skin injury. The TGF-β/Smad signal pathway in the fibroblasts and myofibroblasts is involved in the scarring process of skin fibrosis. Today, multiple therapeutic strategies that target the TGF-β/Smad signal pathway are evaluated to attenuate aberrant skin scars that are sometimes difficult to manage. We performed a head-to-head, randomized controlled trial evaluating the appearance of the post-surgical scars of 64 subjects after two times daily topical application to compare the effect of a class I pullulan-based medical device containing Allium cepa extract 5% and hyaluronic acid 5% gel versus a class I medical device silicone gel on new post-surgical wounds. (2) Methods: Objective scar assessment using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS), POSAS, and other scales were performed after 4, 8, and 12 weeks of treatment and statistical analyses were performed. The trial was registered in clinicalTrials.gov ( NCT05412745). In parallel, molecular docking simulations have been performed to investigate the role of Allium cepa in TGF-β/Smad signal pathway. (3) Results: We showed that VSS, POSAS scale, itching, and redness reduced significantly at week 4 and 8 in the subjects using devices containing Allium cepa and HA. No statistically significant differences in evaluated scores were noted at 12 weeks of treatment. Safety was also evaluated by gathering adverse events related to the application of the gel. Subject compliance and safety with the assigned gel were similar between the two study groups. Molecular docking simulations have shown how Allium cepa could inhibit fibroblasts proliferation and contraction via TGF-β/Smad signal pathway. (4) Conclusions: The topical application of a pullulan-based medical device containing Allium cepa and HA showed a clear reduction in the local inflammation, which might lead to a reduced probability of developing hypertrophic scars or keloids. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

5 pages, 220 KiB

Open AccessCommunication

A Screening Proposal for Zoom Dysmorphia in Virtual Settings

by Cemre Büşra Türk, Fatima N. Mirza and George Kroumpouzos

Life 2023, 13(8), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081678 - 2 Aug 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1459

Abstract

Zoom dysmorphia (ZD) is a facial dysmorphia that is triggered or aggravated by frequent virtual meetings. The frequent use of videoconferencing platforms has been linked to a distorted perception of facial images as individuals have an increased awareness of their appearance, given constant [...] Read more.

Zoom dysmorphia (ZD) is a facial dysmorphia that is triggered or aggravated by frequent virtual meetings. The frequent use of videoconferencing platforms has been linked to a distorted perception of facial images as individuals have an increased awareness of their appearance, given constant video feedback. As a result, dysmorphic concerns can develop. It is crucial to identify ZD as this condition interferes with an individual’s life and can trigger or aggravate body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). A standardized approach for screening ZD in non-psychiatric settings has yet to be defined. We discuss the features of ZD and the challenges of screening for ZD in a virtual setting. To facilitate the recognition of ZD in telehealth consultations, we propose a comprehensive ZD screening questionnaire that includes questions related to typical ZD features and a BDD-focused question. The questionnaire is concise and allows the identification of individuals with a potential ZD. A BDD assessment in such individuals should follow. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

12 pages, 2027 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Clinical and Ultrasonographic Characterization of Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Female Patients: Impact of Early Recognition of the Disease

by Antonella Di Cesare, Elia Rosi, Paolo Amerio and Francesca Prignano

Life 2023, 13(8), 1630; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081630 - 27 Jul 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1994

Abstract

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is considered a post-pubertal disease; however, earlier onset is not infrequent. The burden of HS on the female population is very relevant, and early identification might reduce the quality of life impairment and improve the therapeutic approach. In this study, [...] Read more.

Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is considered a post-pubertal disease; however, earlier onset is not infrequent. The burden of HS on the female population is very relevant, and early identification might reduce the quality of life impairment and improve the therapeutic approach. In this study, we investigated clinical biomarkers of HS that could impact the management of patients affected by HS. Female patients affected by stable HS were prospectively included in this study. Anamnestic data, clinical and ultrasonographic features were collected and analyzed. Overall, 53 patients were included in this study. The median age of onset was 19 (IQR: 14–25). Early onset was reported by 22/53 patients (median age of onset: 14; IQR: 11–16). Four patients had pre-menstruation occurrence. Early-onset patients had an earlier first-menstrual-cycle age and more frequent genital localization of HS, and were more often treated with biologics. Patients with early-onset-HS and genital localization had more severe disease with a higher number of areas affected, Hurley, and IHS4 scores. Genital involvement might be prevalent in patients with early-onset HS, leading to a worse impact on the global severity of the disease and tailored treatment protocols, including multidisciplinary approaches, in order to improve the early recognition of hidden lesions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 4182 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Principles of Treatment and Clinical-Evolutionary Peculiarities of Deep Cervical Spaces Suppurations—Clinical Study

by Daniela Jicman (Stan), Nicolae Sârbu, Laura-Florentina Rebegea, Mihaela Crăescu, Elena Niculeț, Maria-Daniela Țuța, Aurel Nechita, Alin Codruț Nicolescu and Alin Laurențiu Tatu

Life 2023, 13(2), 535; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020535 - 15 Feb 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3808

Abstract

As medical-surgical emergencies, regardless of the causal agent, deep cervical space suppurations are not only a diagnostic challenge, but also a therapeutic one. In some cases, in spite of proper therapeutic measures, extremely severe complications can develop. A 5-year retrospective study (2016–2020) was [...] Read more.

As medical-surgical emergencies, regardless of the causal agent, deep cervical space suppurations are not only a diagnostic challenge, but also a therapeutic one. In some cases, in spite of proper therapeutic measures, extremely severe complications can develop. A 5-year retrospective study (2016–2020) was conducted on a group of 107 patients suffering from cervical suppurations, being hospitalized and treated in the ENT Clinic of the “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Emergency County Hospital of Galați. This research is a clinical-statistical study based on the experience of this ENT clinic and was carried out based on the analysis of the patients’ medical records. Descriptive analysis’ statistical methods of the data series collected from the clinical observation sheets were used, with the patients’ informed consent for the processing of the aforementioned data, with the agreement of the Ethics Commission of the Emergency Clinical Hospital “Sf. Apostol Andrei” Galați and the College of Physicians Galați, România. The patients’ clinical and multidisciplinary treatment features included in the study group are presented. The results highlight the clinical particularities of deep cervical space suppurations treatment, including under COVID-19 impact, or with other comorbidities, having consequences on the case mix index increase or directly on the costs, admittance duration and the clinical status of the patient at discharge. The conclusions of the clinical study are based on the fulfillment of the research objectives in terms of treatment and symptomatology of deep cervical space suppurations and under the impact of comorbidities (global health crisis and pandemic, triggering of comorbidities due to health care access difficulty in the context of anti-COVID-19 government-implemented measures and the infection-rate that overburdened the medical system in the early period of the pandemic). Individualized treatment of deep cervical space suppurations is recommended to be approached multidisciplinary. Of particular importance is early diagnosis combined with prompt and correctly instituted multidisciplinary treatment. In this context, an appropriate medical measure that we recommend is patient health education, as it was observed in the clinical study: most times, patients address medical services with advanced disease, hence the generally unfavorable prognosis and outcome (about 25% of patients develop unfavorable prognosis and 4% die). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

14 pages, 2051 KiB

Open AccessReview

Gestational Pemphigoid—From Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Outcomes: A Case Report and Review of Literature

by Miruna Ioana Cristescu, Cristina Violeta Tutunaru, Anca Panaitescu and Vlad Mihai Voiculescu

Life 2024, 14(11), 1427; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111427 - 6 Nov 2024

Viewed by 465

Abstract

Gestational pemphigoid is a rare, autoimmune, subepidermal bullous disease with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 pregnancies, displaying itself through pruritic erythema and urticarial papules and plaques that evolve into tense bullae. Histopathological findings consist of subepidermal vesicles with perivascular eosinophils and lymphocytes, [...] Read more.

Gestational pemphigoid is a rare, autoimmune, subepidermal bullous disease with an incidence of 1 in 50,000 pregnancies, displaying itself through pruritic erythema and urticarial papules and plaques that evolve into tense bullae. Histopathological findings consist of subepidermal vesicles with perivascular eosinophils and lymphocytes, and direct immunofluorescence reveals C3 complement and, more rarely, IgG in a linear band along the basement membrane. The course is usually self-limiting within 6 months after delivery but, later, can be triggered by subsequent pregnancies, menstruation, or treatment with oral contraceptives. The newborn can be affected due to the transplacental passage of the maternal immunoglobulins, but, usually, less than 10% of newborns will develop lesions similar to pemphigoid gestationis. The diagnosis and management pose a difficult challenge and should be guided by the severity of the disease. We, therefore, provide a short literature review and discussion plus a case from our clinic, with a typical presentation but a delayed diagnosis and an undulating evolution, with severe manifestations and particularly difficult management due to unexpected complications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1117 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mechanisms of Resistance to Rituximab Used for the Treatment of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases

by Liliana Gabriela Popa, Ioana Dumitras, Calin Giurcaneanu, Ovidiu Berghi, Diana Sabina Radaschin, Cristina Iolanda Vivisenco, Marius Nicolae Popescu and Cristina Beiu

Life 2024, 14(10), 1223; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14101223 - 25 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1275

Abstract

Autoimmune blistering diseases represent a group of chronic severe, disabling, and potentially fatal disorders of the skin and/or mucous membranes, primarily mediated by pathogenic auto-antibodies. Despite their rarity, these diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and profound negative impact on the [...] Read more.

Autoimmune blistering diseases represent a group of chronic severe, disabling, and potentially fatal disorders of the skin and/or mucous membranes, primarily mediated by pathogenic auto-antibodies. Despite their rarity, these diseases are associated with significant morbidity and mortality and profound negative impact on the patient’s quality of life and impose a considerable economic burden. Rituximab, an anti-CD-20 monoclonal antibody, represents the first line of therapy for pemphigus, regardless of severity and a valuable off-label therapeutic alternative for subepidermal autoimmune blistering diseases as it ensures high rates of rapid, long-lasting complete remission. Nevertheless, disease recurrence is the rule, all patients requiring maintenance therapy with rituximab eventually. While innate resistance to rituximab in pemphigus patients is exceptional, acquired resistance is frequent and may develop even in patients with initial complete response to rituximab, representing a real challenge for physicians. We discuss the various resistance mechanisms and their complex interplay, as well as the numerous therapeutic alternatives that may be used to circumvent rituximab resistance. As no therapeutic measure is universally efficient, individualization of rituximab treatment regimen and tailored adjuvant therapies in refractory autoimmune blistering diseases are mandatory. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

26 pages, 2886 KiB

Open AccessReview

Natural Sources of Therapeutic Agents Used in Skin Conditions

by Monica Dinu, Alin Laurențiu Tatu, Dorin Ioan Cocoș, Lawrence Chukwudi Nwabudike, Ana Maria Chirilov, Claudia Simona Stefan, Kamel Earar and Olimpia Dumitriu Buzia

Life 2024, 14(4), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14040492 - 10 Apr 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2618

Abstract

Skin conditions are numerous and often have a major impact on patients’ quality of life, and effective and safe treatment is very important. The conventional drugs used for skin diseases are usually corticosteroids and antimicrobial products that can induce various side effects, especially [...] Read more.

Skin conditions are numerous and often have a major impact on patients’ quality of life, and effective and safe treatment is very important. The conventional drugs used for skin diseases are usually corticosteroids and antimicrobial products that can induce various side effects, especially with long-term use, which is why researchers are studying alternatives, especially biologically active natural products. Three products caught our attention: bee venom (BV), due to reported experimental results showing anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, antioxidant, antimycotic, and anticancer effects, Ficus carica (FC) due to its demonstrated antioxidant, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory action, and finally Geranium essential oil (GEO), with proven antifungal, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant effects. Following a review of the literature, we produced this paper, which presents a review of the potential therapeutic applications of the three products in combating various skin conditions and for skin care, because BV, FC, and GEO have common pharmacological actions (anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, and antioxidant). We also focused on studying the safety of the topical use of BV, FC, and GEO, and new approaches to this. This paper presents the use of these natural therapeutic agents to treat patients with conditions such as vitiligo, melasma, and melanoma, as well as their use in treating dermatological conditions in patients with diabetes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 540 KiB

Open AccessReview

Update on Obesity in Psoriasis Patients

by Dan Vata, Bogdan Marian Tarcau, Ioana Adriana Popescu, Ioana Alina Halip, Adriana Ionela Patrascu, Dragos-Florin Gheuca Solovastru, Madalina Mocanu, Petronela Cristina Chiriac and Laura Gheuca Solovastru

Life 2023, 13(10), 1947; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13101947 - 22 Sep 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3001

Abstract

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its onset and recurrence. Severe psoriasis has a great impact on quality of life, which is similar to that of insulin-dependent diabetes, depression, and ischemic heart disease, [...] Read more.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition, with genetic, epigenetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contributing to its onset and recurrence. Severe psoriasis has a great impact on quality of life, which is similar to that of insulin-dependent diabetes, depression, and ischemic heart disease, but with a lower mortality. There is an overlap between the rising incidences of autoimmune diseases and obesity. In recent years, research has shown that there is an association between psoriasis and obesity. Psoriasis is linked to obesity in a two-way manner, as each can precipitate the development of the other. Several adipose tissue-secreted adipokines were shown to be elevated in obese psoriasis patients, exhibiting similar mechanisms of action to those underlying the pathogenesis of psoriasis. Excess body weight can influence not only the treatment response in psoriasis, but also the adverse events, leading to decreased patient compliance. Specific human microbiome patterns have been identified for obesity and psoriasis and could represent a future therapeutic target in selected individuals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

17 pages, 803 KiB

Open AccessReview

New Treatment Horizons in Uveal and Cutaneous Melanoma

by Daciana Elena Brănişteanu, Elena Porumb-Andrese, Vlad Porumb, Alexandra Stărică, Andreea Dana Moraru, Alin Codruț Nicolescu, Mihail Zemba, Cătălina Ioana Brănişteanu, George Brănişteanu and Daniel Constantin Brănişteanu

Life 2023, 13(8), 1666; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13081666 - 31 Jul 2023

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2348

Abstract

Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing [...] Read more.

Melanoma is a complex and heterogeneous malignant tumor with distinct genetic characteristics and therapeutic challenges in both cutaneous melanoma (CM) and uveal melanoma (UM). This review explores the underlying molecular features and genetic alterations in these melanoma subtypes, highlighting the importance of employing specific model systems tailored to their unique profiles for the development of targeted therapies. Over the past decade, significant progress has been made in unraveling the molecular and genetic characteristics of CM and UM, leading to notable advancements in treatment options. Genetic mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway drive CM, while UM is characterized by mutations in genes like GNAQ, GNA11, BAP1, EIF1AX, and SF3B1. Chromosomal aberrations, including monosomy 3 in UM and monosomy 10 in CM, play significant roles in tumorigenesis. Immune cell infiltration differs between CM and UM, impacting prognosis. Therapeutic advancements targeting these genetic alterations, including oncolytic viruses and immunotherapies, have shown promise in preclinical and clinical studies. Oncolytic viruses selectively infect malignant cells, inducing oncolysis and activating antitumor immune responses. Talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) is an FDA-approved oncolytic virus for CM treatment, and other oncolytic viruses, such as coxsackieviruses and HF-10, are being investigated. Furthermore, combining oncolytic viruses with immunotherapies, such as CAR-T cell therapy, holds great potential. Understanding the intrinsic molecular features of melanoma and their role in shaping novel therapeutic approaches provides insights into targeted interventions and paves the way for more effective treatments for CM and UM. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1281 KiB

Open AccessReview

SARS-CoV-2 Infection—A Trigger Factor for Telogen Effluvium: Review of the Literature with a Case-Based Guidance for Clinical Evaluation

by Gabriela Mariana Iancu, Estera Molnar, Loredana Ungureanu, Simona Corina Șenilă, Adrian Hașegan and Maria Rotaru

Life 2023, 13(7), 1576; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13071576 - 18 Jul 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2656

Abstract

Telogen effluvium post-COVID-19 is a condition characterized by the diffuse and reversible loss of scalp hair in the period following infection with SARS-CoV-2, and it is currently the second cause of alopecia in women. In the context of the COVID-19 infection, intense psychological [...] Read more.

Telogen effluvium post-COVID-19 is a condition characterized by the diffuse and reversible loss of scalp hair in the period following infection with SARS-CoV-2, and it is currently the second cause of alopecia in women. In the context of the COVID-19 infection, intense psychological stress contributes to alopecia appearance, along with systemic inflammation, autoimmune reactions, oxidative stress, and virally induced hypoxia. Cytokines with proinflammatory action and vasoactive substances negatively modulate the metabolism of some molecules, such as proteoglycans, involved in the hair follicle’s growth cycle. Studies show that a large percentage of hairs will suddenly enter the catagen phase during a moderate to severe COVID-19 infection. In the present paper, we update the data from the literature with a clinical example. Our case highlighted that the telogen effluvium after infections with SARS-CoV-2 is reversible with appropriate dermatological treatment. For therapeutic success, informing the patient about this pathology’s self-limited and reversible character is essential to reduce the emotional stress that may aggravate the disease. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Other

Jump to: Research, Review

10 pages, 3908 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Disseminate Cutaneous Vasculitis Associated with Durvalumab Treatment—Case Report, Mini-Review on Cutaneous Side Effects of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Therapies with Machine Learning Perspectives

by Gyula Laszlo Fekete, Laszlo Barna Iantovics, Júlia Edit Fekete and Laszlo Fekete

Life 2024, 14(9), 1062; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091062 - 25 Aug 2024

Viewed by 1130

Abstract

Durvalumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that has efficacy in many advanced-stage cancers, especially in small-cell lung cancer. The efficacy of durvalumab can be enhanced by chemotherapy. Cutaneous side effects due to treatment with durvalumab are usually self-limiting and easily manageable. We present [...] Read more.

Durvalumab is an IgG1 monoclonal antibody that has efficacy in many advanced-stage cancers, especially in small-cell lung cancer. The efficacy of durvalumab can be enhanced by chemotherapy. Cutaneous side effects due to treatment with durvalumab are usually self-limiting and easily manageable. We present a clinical case of a female patient aged 61, with small-cell lung carcinoma in stage III B, cT3N2M, who developed a disseminated cutaneous vasculitis after seven months of durvalumab monotherapy, having previously been treated with polychemotherapy according to oncological protocols. To the best of our knowledge, based on a comprehensive search in leading databases, like Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed and some others, ours is the first published case of disseminated cutaneous vasculitis as a result of Durvalumab treatment. Anticancer immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has transformed the treatment and evolution of patients with multiple varieties of hematologic cancers. In this context, the cutaneous side effects due to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies are very few in the scientific literature. Based on this need, we have performed a mini-review of cutaneous side effects due to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapies that treat actual aspects in this sense. We also present some artificial intelligence challenges and future perspectives in the combination of human reasoning and reasoning based on Artificial Intelligence for study of the very rare Disseminate cutaneous vasculitis associated with Durvalumab treatment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 2623 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Cutaneous Sarcoidosis Induced by Laser Therapy: Case Report and Review of the Literature

by Hanna Cisoń, Magdalena Simon-Błażewicz, Joanna Suseł, Marianna Suseł, Zdzisław Woźniak, Rafał Białynicki-Birula and Jacek C. Szepietowski

Life 2024, 14(6), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060773 - 17 Jun 2024

Viewed by 1352

Abstract

Background: Sarcoidosis, characterized by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Method: Here we present a 38-year-old woman who exhibited erythematous and infiltrated skin lesions on her facial region following fractional laser treatment. Results: Histological analysis confirmed cutaneous sarcoidosis. Initial interventions with [...] Read more.

Background: Sarcoidosis, characterized by non-caseating epithelioid granulomas, presents diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Method: Here we present a 38-year-old woman who exhibited erythematous and infiltrated skin lesions on her facial region following fractional laser treatment. Results: Histological analysis confirmed cutaneous sarcoidosis. Initial interventions with topical clobetasol and oral chloroquine provided transient relief. Subsequent outpatient management comprised topical tacrolimus and clobetasol, as well as systemic methotrexate, later substituted with prednisone. Gradual tapering resulted in lesion reduction. Conclusions: This case underscores the intricate nature of cutaneous sarcoidosis and the necessity for personalized therapeutic approaches. The association with cosmetic procedures highlights the importance of understanding potential triggers. The presented case highlights and reminds the medical community that lasers are not only used for therapeutic purposes but can also induce specific responses through laser therapy. Notably, while laser therapy is frequently employed in treating cutaneous sarcoidosis, its role in inducing sarcoidosis warrants further investigation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 3200 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Surgical Management of Perianal Giant Condyloma Acuminatum of Buschke and Löwenstein: Case Presentation

by Raul Mihailov, Alin Laurențiu Tatu, Elena Niculet, Iulia Olaru, Corina Manole, Florin Olaru, Oana Mariana Mihailov, Mădălin Guliciuc, Adrian Beznea, Camelia Bușilă, Iuliana Laura Candussi, Lavinia Alexandra Moroianu and Floris Cristian Stănculea

Life 2023, 13(9), 1916; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091916 - 15 Sep 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2014

Abstract

Introduction: The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT) is an uncommon sexually transmitted ailment attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV)—usually the 6 or 11 type (90%)—with male predominance and an overall infection rate of 0.1%. BLT or giant condyloma acuminatum is recognized as a tumor with [...] Read more.

Introduction: The Buschke–Löwenstein tumor (BLT) is an uncommon sexually transmitted ailment attributed to the human papillomavirus (HPV)—usually the 6 or 11 type (90%)—with male predominance and an overall infection rate of 0.1%. BLT or giant condyloma acuminatum is recognized as a tumor with localized aggressiveness, displaying distinctive features: the potential for destructive growth, benign histology, a rate of 56% malignant transformation, and a high rate of recurrence after surgical excision. There are several treatment choices which have been tried, including laser, cryotherapy, radiotherapy, electrocoagulation, immunotherapy, imiquimode, sincatechins, intralesional injection of 5-fluoruracil (5-FU), isolated perfusion, and local or systemic chemotherapy. In the case of an extensive tumor, preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy is used for tumor shrinkage, making the debulking procedure safer. HPV vaccines significantly decrease the incidence of genital warts, also decreasing the risk of BLT; HPV-6 and HPV-11 are included in these vaccines. Materials and methods: We present a 53-year-old heterosexual man, hospitalized in our department in June 2021 with a typical cauliflower-like tumor mass involving the perianal region, which progressively increased in size for almost 7 years. The perianal mass was completely removed, ensuring negative surgical margins. The large perianal skin defect which occurred was reconstructed with fascio-cutaneous V-Y advancement flap. There was no need for protective stoma. The literature review extended from January 1980 and December 2022, utilizing Pubmed and Google Scholar as search platforms. Results: Due to the disease’s proximity to the anal verge and the limited number of reported cases, arriving at a definitive and satisfactory treatment strategy becomes challenging. The optimal approach entails thorough surgical removal of the lesion, ensuring well-defined surgical margins and performing a wide excision to minimize the likelihood of recurrence. In order to repair the large wound defects, various rotation or advancement flaps can be used, resulting in reduced recovery time and a diminished likelihood of anal stricture or other complications. Our objective is to emphasize the significance of surgical excision in addressing BLT through the presentation of a case involving a substantial perianal condyloma acuminatum, managed successfully with complete surgical removal and the utilization of a V-Y advancement flap technique. In the present case, after 5 months post operation, the patient came back with a buttock abscess, which was incised and drained. After another 5 months, the patient returned for difficult defecation, with an anal stenosis being diagnosed. An anal dilatation and sphincterotomy were carried out, with good postoperative results. Conclusions: The surgical management of Buschke–Löwenstein tumors needs a multidisciplinary team with specialized expertise. The reconstruction techniques involved can be challenging and may introduce additional complications. We consider aggressive surgery, which incorporates reconstructive procedures, as the standard treatment for Buschke–Löwenstein tumors. This approach aims to achieve optimal surgical outcomes and prevent any recurrence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Current Research on Dermatology: Pathology, Clinical Manifestation, Investigation and Therapy: 2nd Edition

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (21 papers)

Research

Review

Other

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI