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Life
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Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition
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Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Medical Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 29 November 2024 | Viewed by 3399

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Raúl Martín

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Instituto Universitario de Oftalmobiología Aplicada (IOBA), Universidad de Valladolid, Paseo de Belén, 17—Campus Miguel Delibes, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: cornea; anterior eye; ocular surface; contact lens; myopia control with contact lenses; tomography; keratoconus
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sara Ortiz-Toquero

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Optometry Research Group, IOBA-Eye Institute, Department of Theoretical Physics, Atomic and Optics, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain
Interests: cornea; anterior eye; ocular surface; contact lens; dry eye; tomography; keratoconus
Dr. Giancarlo Montani

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lecturer in Contact Lenses and Scientific Director of CeRCA Lab, University of Salento, Via per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: cornea; contact lenses; tear film; corneal topography; anterior segment OCT; aberrometry; quality of vision
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With the first volume of this Special Issue being a great success (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/life/special_issues/8V9AANU7U0), we invite you to publish your research in the second volume.

Anterior eye health is necessary to guarantee good vision and quality of life; a significant number of anterior eye conditions are leading causes of ocular morbidity with different impacts on subject vision, such as dry eye disease, conjunctival issues (including infections, immune diseases, systemic diseases complications, etc.), different types of trauma, microbial keratitis, corneal dystrophies, degenerations and ectasias (such as keratoconus, etc.), cataracts, eye inflammation (uveitis), or complications of contact lens wear or other related eye treatments (for example, the impact of eyedrops on the ocular surface in glaucoma management or other chronic eye diseases, corneal iatrogenic issues after corneal refractive surgery, etc.). In addition, myopia control is usually conducted with different contact lens designs or fitting techniques (orthokeratology).

This Special Issue invites original articles and reviews focusing on the broad topic of corneal diseases, anterior eye diseases, and eye diseases from in vitro/in vivo models, the evaluation of technology for corneal and anterior eye clinical assessment (topography, tomography, specular microscopy, biometry, etc.), and improvements in eye condition diagnosis and patient management with experimental and/or clinical evidence across a wide range of patients (pediatric, adults, and elderly) and conditions (myopia control, anterior eye diseases, etc.), with particular attention paid to primary eye care practice (early diagnosis), interdisciplinary collaboration, and the management of patients’ quality of life.

Dr. Raúl Martín
Dr. Sara Ortiz-Toquero
Dr. Giancarlo Montani
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • cornea
  • anterior eye
  • corneal dystrophy
  • dry eye
  • ocular surface
  • ocular imaging
  • contact lenses
  • myopia control with contact lenses
  • contact lens complications
  • primary eye care

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 3153 KiB  
Article
Influence of Lifestyle Factors on Ocular Surface Parameters in Relation to Age
by Jacobo Garcia-Queiruga, Hugo Pena-Verdeal, Belen Sabucedo-Villamarin, Veronica Noya-Padin, Maria J. Giraldez and Eva Yebra-Pimentel
Life 2024, 14(11), 1460; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111460 - 11 Nov 2024
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate how Video Display Terminal (VDT) use, Contact Lens (CL) wear, and eyedrop use affect ocular surface parameters in participants with ocular discomfort and how these factors may vary across different age groups. Methods: The current cross-sectional study initially involved a [...] Read more.
Purpose: To evaluate how Video Display Terminal (VDT) use, Contact Lens (CL) wear, and eyedrop use affect ocular surface parameters in participants with ocular discomfort and how these factors may vary across different age groups. Methods: The current cross-sectional study initially involved a total of 252 participants who completed a self-administered survey to collect information about ocular discomfort and lifestyle factors. This online survey was composed of an Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) questionnaire and three extra questions regarding lifestyle factors (VDT use, CL wear, and eyedrop use). Only 185 symptomatic participants, those with OSDI values > 12, were scheduled to undergo a comprehensive ocular examination that included tear film osmolarity, Fluorescein Break-Up Time (FBUT), Maximum Blink Interval (MBI), and corneal staining. Results: Differences in ocular parameters and lifestyle factors across age groups (<40 years, 40–60 years, >60 years) were analyzed, along with their correlations and regression. Significant age group differences were found in OSDI, osmolarity, FBUT, and MBI (One-way ANOVA, all p ≤ 0.029). Correlations were observed between CL wear and osmolarity and MBI (Pearson’s correlation, both p ≤ 0.049). Multiple regression confirmed age associations with OSDI, osmolarity, FBUT, and MBI (Multiple linear regression, all p ≤ 0.040) and found links between VDT use and osmolarity and MBI (Multiple linear regression, both p ≤ 0.038) and between eyedrop use and OSDI (Multiple linear regression, p = 0.040). Conclusion: Aging is a primary factor affecting ocular homeostasis, with older adults showing lower FBUT and MBI values and higher osmolarity. Prolonged use of VDTs exacerbates this effect, further contributing to ocular discomfort and destabilized tear film. No associations between CL wear and any of the ocular parameters were found. Eyedrop use shows varied effects on ocular comfort across age groups, emphasizing the need for age-specific ocular care. Overall, these findings confirm that aging and extended VDT use play a significant role in ocular surface discomfort. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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13 pages, 2163 KiB  
Article
Corneal Epithelial Wavefront Error as a Novel Diagnostic Marker for Epithelial Basement Membrane Dystrophy
by Vitus Grauvogl, Wolfgang J. Mayer, Jakob Siedlecki, Niklas Mohr, Martin Dirisamer, Siegfried G. Priglinger, Stefan Kassumeh and Nikolaus Luft
Life 2024, 14(9), 1188; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14091188 - 20 Sep 2024
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Abstract
Synopsis: Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of epithelial basement [...] Read more.
Synopsis: Corneal epithelial wavefront error and epithelial thickness variance qualify as highly sensitive and specific biomarkers for epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD). The biomarkers show a normalization after treatment of EBMD with phototherapeutic keratectomy. Purpose: To gauge the diagnostic value of epithelial basement membrane dystrophy (EBMD), a novel spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based imaging modality for simultaneous morphological (thickness profile) and refractive (optical wavefront) assessment of the corneal epithelial layer in one of the most common but often underdiagnosed corneal dystrophies. Methods: In this prospective observational study, a total of 32 eyes of 32 patients diagnosed with EBMD and 32 eyes of 32 healthy control subjects were examined with high-resolution anterior segment SD-OCT (MS-39; CSO, Florence, Italy). Various epithelial thickness and epithelial wavefront-derived terms were compared between groups and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were computed to analyze the diagnostic capacity of the respective parameters. A total of 17 of 32 EBMD patients underwent treatment with phototherapeutic keratectomy (PTK) and were followed up for 3 months. Results: Epithelial thickness variance (60.4 ± 56.7 µm versus 7.6 ± 6.1 µm) and interquartile range (11.0 ± 6.9 versus 3.3 ± 1.9 µm) were markedly elevated in EBMD patients as compared with healthy controls (both with p < 0.001). Epithelial wavefront analysis showed a highly statistically significant excess in all examined aberration terms in EBMD patients (all with p < 0.001). Significantly greater areas under the curve (AUCs) were yielded by the epithelial wavefront-derived parameters (e.g., total epithelial wavefront error: AUC = 0.966; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.932–1) than by the epithelial thickness-derived parameters (e.g., variance: AUC = 0.919; 95% CI 0.848–0.990). Conclusions: Corneal epithelial wavefront aberrometry proved valuable as an objective biomarker for EBMD, with high sensitivity and specificity. PTK resulted in a reduction of morphological and refractive epithelial irregularities in EBMD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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10 pages, 527 KiB  
Article
The Efficiency, Predictability, and Safety of First-Generation (Visumax 500) and Second-Generation (Visumax 800) Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Surgeries: Real-World Experiences
by Chia-Yi Lee, Ie-Bin Lian, Hung-Chi Chen, Chin-Te Huang, Jing-Yang Huang, Shun-Fa Yang and Chao-Kai Chang
Life 2024, 14(7), 804; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14070804 - 26 Jun 2024
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Abstract
We aimed to evaluate the postoperative visual and refractive outcomes between the first- and second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgeries. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and patients who had received first- and second-generation KLEx surgeries were enrolled. A total of 80 and [...] Read more.
We aimed to evaluate the postoperative visual and refractive outcomes between the first- and second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgeries. A retrospective cohort study was conducted and patients who had received first- and second-generation KLEx surgeries were enrolled. A total of 80 and 80 eyes were categorized into the first and second KLEx groups after exclusion, respectively. The primary outcomes were the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and safety indexes. An independent t-test and generalized estimate equation were implemented to compare the primary outcomes between the two groups. After the KLEx surgery, the UDVA showed no significant difference between the two groups throughout the study period (all p > 0.05), and the postoperative SE and safety index were also statistically identical between the two groups during the follow-up interval (all p > 0.05). There was a similar trend of visual recovery between the two groups (aOR: 0.967; 95% CI: 0.892–1.143; p = 0.844), while the amplitude of the SE change was significantly lower in the second KLEx group (aOR: 0.760; 95% CI: 0.615–0.837; p = 0.005). Nine and two unintended initial dissection of the posterior plane (UIDPP) occurred intraoperatively in the first and second KLEx groups, respectively, and the second group showed a lower risk of UIDPP (p = 0.032). In conclusion, the efficiency, predictability, and safety are similar between first- and second-generation KLEx surgeries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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Review

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14 pages, 253 KiB  
Review
Novel Approaches for the Early Detection of Glaucoma Using Artificial Intelligence
by Marco Zeppieri, Lorenzo Gardini, Carola Culiersi, Luigi Fontana, Mutali Musa, Fabiana D’Esposito, Pier Luigi Surico, Caterina Gagliano and Francesco Saverio Sorrentino
Life 2024, 14(11), 1386; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14111386 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 709
Abstract
Background: If left untreated, glaucoma—the second most common cause of blindness worldwide—causes irreversible visual loss due to a gradual neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cells. Conventional techniques for identifying glaucoma, like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field exams, are frequently laborious and [...] Read more.
Background: If left untreated, glaucoma—the second most common cause of blindness worldwide—causes irreversible visual loss due to a gradual neurodegeneration of the retinal ganglion cells. Conventional techniques for identifying glaucoma, like optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field exams, are frequently laborious and dependent on subjective interpretation. Through the fast and accurate analysis of massive amounts of imaging data, artificial intelligence (AI), in particular machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL), has emerged as a promising method to improve the early detection and management of glaucoma. Aims: The purpose of this study is to examine the current uses of AI in the early diagnosis, treatment, and detection of glaucoma while highlighting the advantages and drawbacks of different AI models and algorithms. In addition, it aims to determine how AI technologies might transform glaucoma treatment and suggest future lines of inquiry for this area of study. Methods: A thorough search of databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, was carried out to find pertinent papers released until August 2024. The inclusion criteria were limited to research published in English in peer-reviewed publications that used AI, ML, or DL to diagnose or treat glaucoma in human subjects. Articles were chosen and vetted according to their quality, contribution to the field, and relevancy. Results: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and other deep learning algorithms are among the AI models included in this paper that have been shown to have excellent sensitivity and specificity in identifying glaucomatous alterations in fundus photos, OCT scans, and visual field tests. By automating standard screening procedures, these models have demonstrated promise in distinguishing between glaucomatous and healthy eyes, forecasting the course of the disease, and possibly lessening the workload of physicians. Nonetheless, several significant obstacles remain, such as the requirement for various training datasets, outside validation, decision-making transparency, and handling moral and legal issues. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence (AI) holds great promise for improving the diagnosis and treatment of glaucoma by facilitating prompt and precise interpretation of imaging data and assisting in clinical decision making. To guarantee wider accessibility and better patient results, future research should create strong generalizable AI models validated in various populations, address ethical and legal matters, and incorporate AI into clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cornea and Anterior Eye Diseases: 2nd Edition)
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