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Life
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The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives
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The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Pharmaceutical Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 15420

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Selvaraj Arokiyaraj

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science & Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
Interests: microbiome; plant-derived antimicrobials; antioxidant; nanoparticle; food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hakdong Shin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
Interests: genomics; salmonella; comparative genomics; food safety; bioinformatics; molecular biology; next generation sequencing; NGS data analysis; metagenomics; genome sequencing
Dr. Paul Agastian

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Loyola College (University of Madras), Chennai, India
Interests: ethnopharmacology; microbial biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant-based drug discovery is an advancing field in addressing the major problems in health care systems which enable pharmaceutical companies to update patient safety and cost-effectiveness by increasing efficacy. This Special Issue, “Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio actives”, aims to publish contributions that report on novel research findings regarding plant chemical structure, biological activity, and their influence on human health and microbiome. Contributions to this Special Issue should be original research or review articles and short communications on diseases related to biological targets.

Dr. Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
Dr. Hakdong Shin
Dr. Paul Agastian
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • medicinal chemistry
  • natural bioactive compounds
  • toxicity of green nano-biotechnology
  • food chemistry with pharmaceutical implication
  • essential oils and their application in food safety
  • phyto-based antibacterial formulations
  • nanoparticles and food pathogen inhibition
  • pharmaceutical chemistry
  • omics (genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and systems biology)
  • gut microbiome
  • ethno pharmacology
  • molecular pharmacology and molecular pharmacology
  • pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
  • bioinformatics (computational biopharmaceutics and modeling)

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3224 KiB  
Article
Antiobesity and Antioxidative Effect of Fermented Brown Rice Using In Vitro with In Vivo Caenorhabditis elegans Model
by Kaliyan Barathikannan, Akanksha Tyagi, Lingyue Shan, Nam-Hyeon Kim, Deuk-Sik Lee, Jong-Soon Park, Ramachandran Chelliah and Deog-Hwan Oh
Life 2023, 13(2), 374; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020374 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2925
Abstract
Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities [...] Read more.
Naturally occurring phytochemicals from plants or grains are crucial in reducing various metabolic disorders. Bioactive phytonutrients are abundant in the Asian dietary staple, brown rice. This research evaluated the impact of lactic acid bacteria (LABs) bioconversion and fermentation on antioxidant and antiobesity activities and ferulic acid content in brown rice. The combination of bioconversion with Pediococcus acidilactici MNL5 among all LABs used showed a synergistic impact with 24 h of solid-state brown rice fermentation. The 24-h MNL5 fermented brown rice (FBR) demonstrated the most potent pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity (85.5 ± 1.25%) compared to raw brown rice (RBR) (54.4 ± 0.86%). The antioxidant potential of MNL5-FBR was also found to be highest in the DPPH assay (124.40 ± 2.40 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), ABTS assay (130.52 ± 2.32 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW), and FRAP assay (116.16 ± 2.42 mg Trolox Equiv./100 g, DW). Based on higher antioxidant and antiobesity activities, samples were quantified for ferulic acid content using the HPLC-MS/MS approach. Furthermore, C. elegans supplementation with FBR showed enhanced life span and lipid reduction in fluorescence microscope analysis compared to the control. Our results indicate that the expression study using the C. elegans model (N2 and Daf-2 models) fat gene was conducted, showing a lowering of obesity ability in FBR-fed worms. Our study indicates that FBR has improved antioxidant and antiobesity actions, especially in MNL5-FBR, and can be employed to develop functional foods that combat obesity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives)
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16 pages, 1603 KiB  
Article
A New Lavender (Lavandula multifida L.) Ecotype from Arid Tunisia, with Differential Essential Oil Composition and Higher Antimicrobial Potential
by Mohanad Lateef Tofah, Khalil Mseddi, Omar K. Al-Abbasi, Ahmed Ben Yazid, Ahmed Khechine, Radhouane Gdoura and Lamia Khannous
Life 2023, 13(1), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010103 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2715
Abstract
The lavender Lavandula multifida L., a medicinal plant grown in arid regions of Tunisia, was recently considered an endangered species; thus, its habitats regressed to some difficult zones in terms of access, such as the watershed of Oued Agareb in central-eastern Tunisia. This [...] Read more.
The lavender Lavandula multifida L., a medicinal plant grown in arid regions of Tunisia, was recently considered an endangered species; thus, its habitats regressed to some difficult zones in terms of access, such as the watershed of Oued Agareb in central-eastern Tunisia. This species was recorded only in deep and narrow shady Wadi of the watershed and benefited from protection against overgrazing, erosion and sunlight. L. multifida was rarely observed in an open area, such as a plateau or large-bed valley. The plant’s metabolism is linked to its response to environmental conditions, which is of particular interest to understanding the components of the considered population of L. multifida. Consequently, biochemical and antimicrobial analyses have been evaluated. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis reveals that among the 58 compounds identified in L. multifida essential oil extracted from aboveground plant tissues, camphor was the major component (15.68%), followed by 1,8-cineole (14.14%) and alpha-pinene (13.82%). Moreover, it has been observed that Escherichia coli was more susceptible than Staphylococcus aureus to the antimicrobial properties of L. multifida essential oil, while in the case of camphor, S. aureus was more susceptible than E. coli. The protected population of L. multifida exhibits a distinctive vegetative development and growth cycle, resulting in specific secondary metabolites and distinguished antimicrobial activity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives)
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19 pages, 7776 KiB  
Article
Integracides: Tetracyclic Triterpenoids from Fusarium sp.—Their 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Potential and Structure–Activity Relation Using In Vitro and Molecular Docking Studies
by Maan T. Khayat, Khadijah A. Mohammad, Gamal A. Mohamed, Martin K. Safo and Sabrin R. M. Ibrahim
Life 2022, 12(12), 2095; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122095 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1708
Abstract
Inflammation is a complicated disorder that is produced as a result of consecutive processes. 5-LOX (5-lipoxygenase) is accountable for various inflammation mediators and leukotrienes synthesis, and its inhibition is the target of anti-inflammation therapeutics. Fungi have acquired enormous attentiveness because of their capability [...] Read more.
Inflammation is a complicated disorder that is produced as a result of consecutive processes. 5-LOX (5-lipoxygenase) is accountable for various inflammation mediators and leukotrienes synthesis, and its inhibition is the target of anti-inflammation therapeutics. Fungi have acquired enormous attentiveness because of their capability to biosynthesize novel bio-metabolites that reveal diversified bio-activities. A new tetracyclic triterpenoid, integracide L (1), along with integracides B (2) and F (3), were separated from Mentha longifolia-associated Fusarium sp. (FS No. MAR2014). Their structures were verified utilizing varied spectral analyses. The isolated metabolites (1–3), alongside the earlier reported integracides G (4), H (5), and J (6), were inspected for 5-LOX inhibition capacity. Interestingly, 1–6 possessed marked 5-LOX inhibition potentials with IC50s ranging from 1.18 to 3.97 μM compared to zileuton (IC50 1.17 µM). Additionally, molecular docking was executed to examine the interaction among these metabolites and 5-LOX, as well as to validate the in vitro findings. The docking study revealed their inhibitory activity interactions in the binding pocket. These findings highlighted the potential of integracides as lead metabolites for anti-inflammation drug discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives)
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Review

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17 pages, 4229 KiB  
Review
The Female Reproductive Tract Microbiota: Friends and Foe
by Lokesh Kumar, Monika Dwivedi, Natasha Jain, Pranali Shete, Subhash Solanki, Rahul Gupta and Ashish Jain
Life 2023, 13(6), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061313 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4237
Abstract
We do not seem to be the only owner of our body; it houses a large population of microorganisms. Through countless years of coevolution, microbes and hosts have developed complex relationships. In the past few years, the impact of microbial communities on their [...] Read more.
We do not seem to be the only owner of our body; it houses a large population of microorganisms. Through countless years of coevolution, microbes and hosts have developed complex relationships. In the past few years, the impact of microbial communities on their host has received significant attention. Advanced molecular sequencing techniques have revealed a remarkable diversity of the organ-specific microbiota populations, including in the reproductive tract. Currently, the goal of researchers has shifted to generate and perceive the molecular data of those hidden travelers of our body and harness them for the betterment of human health. Recently, microbial communities of the lower and upper reproductive tract and their correlation with the implication in reproductive health and disease have been extensively studied. Many intrinsic and extrinsic factors influences the female reproductive tract microbiota (FRTM) that directly affects the reproductive health. It is now believed that FRTM dominated by Lactobacilli may play an essential role in obstetric health beyond the woman’s intimate comfort and well-being. Women with altered microbiota may face numerous health-related issues. Altered microbiota can be manipulated and restored to their original shape to re-establish normal reproductive health. The aim of the present review is to summarize the FRTM functional aspects that influence reproductive health. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives)
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22 pages, 1632 KiB  
Review
Understanding the Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Promoting Autoimmune Disorders
by Soma Biswas, Suma Sarojini, Saranya Jayaram, Indhu Philip, Mridul Umesh, Roseanne Mascarenhas, Manikantan Pappuswamy, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian and Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
Life 2023, 13(6), 1307; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061307 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2700
Abstract
AMPs are small oligopeptides acting as integral elements of the innate immune system and are of tremendous potential in the medical field owing to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They offer a multitude of immunomodulatory properties such as immune cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, [...] Read more.
AMPs are small oligopeptides acting as integral elements of the innate immune system and are of tremendous potential in the medical field owing to their antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. They offer a multitude of immunomodulatory properties such as immune cell differentiation, inflammatory responses, cytokine production, and chemoattraction. Aberrancy in neutrophil or epithelial cell-producing AMPs leads to inflammation culminating in various autoimmune responses. In this review, we have tried to explore the role of prominent mammalian AMPs—defensins and cathelicidins, as immune regulators with special emphasis on their role in neutrophil extracellular traps which promotes autoimmune disorders. When complexed with self-DNA or self-RNA, AMPs act as autoantigens which activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells and myeloid dendritic cells leading to the production of interferons and cytokines. These trigger a series of self-directed inflammatory reactions, leading to the emergence of diverse autoimmune disorders. Since AMPs show both anti- and pro-inflammatory abilities in different ADs, there is a dire need for a complete understanding of their role before developing AMP-based therapy for autoimmune disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Discovery and Application of Phytochemicals and Bio Actives)
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