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Life
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Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering
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Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 16940

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Renate Kunert

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, A-1190 Vienna, Austria
2. Institute of Animal Cell Technology and Systems Biology, 1190 Wien, Austria
Interests: biotechnology; HIV research; chemical biology; biochemistry; cell biology; bioprocess technology; medical biotechnology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Tissue engineering is an important area in regenerative medicine to provide patients with functional cells, cell assemblies, or even organoids to address age- or disease-related dysfunctions.

Whether reprogramming stem cells or maintaining tissue cells in a differentiated state, the challenges lie in the technological implementation of the biological requirements.

Either new biomaterials, media, and cultivation conditions are developed for a specific application or success emerges only after the biological background has been explored. Very often, high-caliber young researchers are the driving force of such crystallization points of translational science— inspired by curiosity and challenges; they will be highlighted in this issue.

Prof. Dr. Renate Kunert
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biological functions
  • autologous, allogenic and xenogeneic cells
  • stem cell plasticity
  • skin epidermal tissue
  • bone and cartilage
  • cardiovascular diseases
  • three-dimensional ECM
  • artificial scaffolds
  • growth factors
  • oxygen supply

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 4492 KiB  
Communication
Changes in the AGE/Macrophage/TNF-α Pathway Affect Skin Dryness during KK-Ay/Tajcl Mice Aging
by Keiichi Hiramoto, Masashi Imai, Shota Tanaka and Kazuya Ooi
Life 2023, 13(6), 1339; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061339 - 7 Jun 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1443
Abstract
Skin dryness associated with type 2 diabetes worsens with age; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of aging on skin dryness using a type 2 diabetes mice model. Specific pathogen-free KK-Ay/TaJcl mice of different ages (10, 27, 40, [...] Read more.
Skin dryness associated with type 2 diabetes worsens with age; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Herein, we investigated the effects of aging on skin dryness using a type 2 diabetes mice model. Specific pathogen-free KK-Ay/TaJcl mice of different ages (10, 27, 40, and 50 weeks) were used in this study. The results confirmed that skin dryness worsens with age. Furthermore, increased levels of advanced glycation end products (AGE), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, along with an increased expression of the major AGE receptor (RAGE), an increased macrophage number, and decreased collagen expression were observed in the skin of aged KK-Ay/TaJcl mice. In conclusion, dry skin conditions worsen with age in diabetic mice, and the AGE/RAGE/PGE2 and TNF-α pathways play an important role in exacerbating skin dryness during aging in these mice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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15 pages, 2867 KiB  
Article
Flogomicina: A Natural Antioxidant Mixture as an Alternative Strategy to Reduce Biofilm Formation
by Chiara Amante, Chiara De Soricellis, Gianni Luccheo, Luigi Luccheo, Paola Russo, Rita Patrizia Aquino and Pasquale Del Gaudio
Life 2023, 13(4), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041005 - 13 Apr 2023
Viewed by 2424
Abstract
The National Institute of Health has reported that approximately 80% of chronic infections are associated with biofilms, which are indicated as one of the main reasons for bacteria’s resistance to antimicrobial agents. Several studies have revealed the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in reducing [...] Read more.
The National Institute of Health has reported that approximately 80% of chronic infections are associated with biofilms, which are indicated as one of the main reasons for bacteria’s resistance to antimicrobial agents. Several studies have revealed the role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), in reducing biofilm formation induced by different microorganisms. A novel mixture made up of NAC and different natural ingredients (bromelain, ascorbic acid, Ribes nigrum, resveratrol, and pelargonium) has been developed in order to obtain a pool of antioxidants as an alternative strategy for biofilm reduction. The study has demonstrated that the mixture is able to significantly enhance NAC activity against different Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. It has shown an increase in NAC permeation in vitro through an artificial fluid, moving from 2.5 to 8 μg/cm2 after 30 min and from 4.4 to 21.6 μg/cm2 after 180 min, and exhibiting a strongly fibrinolytic activity compared to the single components of the mixture. Moreover, this novel mixture has exhibited an antibiofilm activity against S aureus and the ability to reduce S. aureus growth by more than 20% in a time-killing assay, while on E. coli, and P. mirabilis, the growth was reduced by more than 80% compared to NAC. The flogomicina mixture has also been proven capable of reducing bacterial adhesion to abiotic surfaces of E.coli, by more than 11% concerning only the NAC. In combination with amoxicillin, it has been shown to significantly increase the drug’s effectiveness after 14 days, offering a safe and natural way to reduce the daily dosage of antibiotics in prolonged therapies and consequently, reduce antibiotic resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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20 pages, 3830 KiB  
Article
Establishment of In Vitro Models by Stress-Induced Premature Senescence for Characterizing the Stromal Vascular Niche in Human Adipose Tissue
by Marlene Wahlmueller, Marie-Sophie Narzt, Karin Missfeldt, Verena Arminger, Anna Krasensky, Ingo Lämmermann, Barbara Schaedl, Mario Mairhofer, Susanne Suessner, Susanne Wolbank and Eleni Priglinger
Life 2022, 12(10), 1459; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12101459 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2852
Abstract
Acting as the largest energy reservoir in the body, adipose tissue is involved in longevity and progression of age-related metabolic dysfunction. Here, cellular senescence plays a central role in the generation of a pro-inflammatory environment and in the evolution of chronic diseases. Within [...] Read more.
Acting as the largest energy reservoir in the body, adipose tissue is involved in longevity and progression of age-related metabolic dysfunction. Here, cellular senescence plays a central role in the generation of a pro-inflammatory environment and in the evolution of chronic diseases. Within the complexity of a tissue, identification and targeting of senescent cells is hampered by their heterogeneity. In this study, we generated stress-induced premature senescence 2D and 3D in vitro models for the stromal vascular niche of human adipose tissue. We established treatment conditions for senescence induction using Doxorubicin (Dox), starting from adipose-derived stromal/stem cells (ASCs), which we adapted to freshly isolated microtissue-stromal vascular fraction (MT-SVF), where cells are embedded within their native extracellular matrix. Senescence hallmarks for the established in vitro models were verified on different cellular levels, including morphology, cell cycle arrest, senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity (SA-βgal) and gene expression. Two subsequent exposures with 200 nM Dox for six days were suitable to induce senescence in our in vitro models. We demonstrated induction of senescence in the 2D in vitro models through SA-βgal activity, at the mRNA level (LMNB1, CDK1, p21) and additionally by G2/M phase cell cycle arrest in ASCs. Significant differences in Lamin B1 and p21 protein expression confirmed senescence in our MT-SVF 3D model. MT-SVF 3D cultures were composed of multiple cell types, including CD31, CD34 and CD68 positive cells, while cell death remained unaltered upon senescence induction. As heterogeneity and complexity of adipose tissue senescence is given by multiple cell types, our established senescence models that represent the perivascular niche embedded within its native extracellular matrix are highly relevant for future clinical studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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16 pages, 4136 KiB  
Article
Novel 3D-Printed Cell Culture Inserts for Air–Liquid Interface Cell Culture
by Magdalena Bauer, Magdalena Metzger, Marvin Corea, Barbara Schädl, Johannes Grillari and Peter Dungel
Life 2022, 12(8), 1216; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081216 - 10 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3301
Abstract
In skin research, widely used in vitro 2D monolayer models do not sufficiently mimic physiological properties. To replace, reduce, and refine animal experimentation in the spirit of ‘3Rs’, new approaches such as 3D skin equivalents (SE) are needed to close the in vitro/in [...] Read more.
In skin research, widely used in vitro 2D monolayer models do not sufficiently mimic physiological properties. To replace, reduce, and refine animal experimentation in the spirit of ‘3Rs’, new approaches such as 3D skin equivalents (SE) are needed to close the in vitro/in vivo gap. Cell culture inserts to culture SE are commercially available, however, these inserts are expensive and of limited versatility regarding experimental settings. This study aimed to design novel cell culture inserts fabricated on commercially available 3D printers for the generation of full-thickness SE. A computer-aided design model was realized by extrusion-based 3D printing of polylactic acid filaments (PLA). Improvements in the design of the inserts for easier and more efficient handling were confirmed in cell culture experiments. Cytotoxic effects of the final product were excluded by testing the inserts in accordance with ISO-norm procedures. The final versions of the inserts were tested to generate skin-like 3D scaffolds cultured at an air–liquid interface. Stratification of the epidermal component was demonstrated by histological analyses. In conclusion, here we demonstrate a fast and cost-effective method for 3D-printed inserts suitable for the generation of 3D cell cultures. The system can be set-up with common 3D printers and allows high flexibility for generating customer-tailored cell culture plastics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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13 pages, 3456 KiB  
Article
Organ-Specific Differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells in Various Organs of Xenotransplanted Rats: A Pilot Study
by Jung Ho Park, Yeon Ju Choi, So Young Kang, Hyunjeong Ju, Kyueng-Whan Min, Nan Young Kim, Ha Young Park, Eun Soo Kim, Mi Jung Kwon and Yong Joon Suh
Life 2022, 12(8), 1116; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12081116 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2299
Abstract
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are potential therapeutics considering their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types in vitro. The ideal ADSC-based therapy is a direct injection into the relevant organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the [...] Read more.
Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) are potential therapeutics considering their self-renewal capacity and ability to differentiate into all somatic cell types in vitro. The ideal ADSC-based therapy is a direct injection into the relevant organs. The objective of this study was to investigate the viability and safety of intra-organ human ADSC (h-ADSC) xenotransplants in vivo. Subcutaneous adipose tissue from the abdominal area of 10 patients was sampled. h-ADSCs were isolated from adipose tissue samples and identified using immunofluorescence antibodies. Multi-differentiation potential assays for adipocytes, osteocytes, and chondrocytes were performed. Cultured h-ADSCs at passage 4 were transplanted into multiple organs of 17 rats, including the skin, subcutaneous layer, liver, kidney, pancreas, and spleen. The h-ADSC-injected organs excised after 100 days were examined, and the survival of h-ADSCs was measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) using specific human and rat target genes. h-ADSCs confirmed by stem cell phenotyping were induced to differentiate into adipogenic, osteogenic, and chondrogenic lineages in vitro. All rats were healthy and exhibited no side effects during the study; the transplanted h-ADSCs did not cause inflammation and were indiscernible from the native organ cells. The presence of transplanted h-ADSCs was confirmed using qRT-PCR. However, the engrafted survival rates varied as follows: subcutaneous fat (70.6%), followed by the liver (52.9%), pancreas (50.0%), kidney (29.4%), skin (29.4%), and spleen (12.5%). h-ADSCs were successfully transplanted into a rat model, with different survival rates depending on the organ. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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Other

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12 pages, 1122 KiB  
Perspective
Lymphatic and Blood Endothelial Extracellular Vesicles: A Story Yet to Be Written
by Johanna Trisko, Johanna Fleck, Silvio Kau, Johannes Oesterreicher and Wolfgang Holnthoner
Life 2022, 12(5), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12050654 - 28 Apr 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3796
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles mediating intercellular communication and are therefore vital for transmitting a plethora of biological signals. The vascular endothelium substantially contributes to the circulating particulate secretome, targeting important signaling pathways [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs), such as exosomes, microvesicles, and apoptotic bodies, are cell-derived, lipid bilayer-enclosed particles mediating intercellular communication and are therefore vital for transmitting a plethora of biological signals. The vascular endothelium substantially contributes to the circulating particulate secretome, targeting important signaling pathways that affect blood cells and regulate adaptation and plasticity of endothelial cells in a paracrine manner. Different molecular signatures and functional properties of endothelial cells reflect their heterogeneity among different vascular beds and drive current research to understand varying physiological and pathological effects of blood and lymphatic endothelial EVs. Endothelial EVs have been linked to the development and progression of various vascular diseases, thus having the potential to serve as biomarkers and clinical treatment targets. This review aims to provide a brief overview of the human vasculature, the biology of extracellular vesicles, and the current knowledge of endothelium-derived EVs, including their potential role as biomarkers in disease development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Early Career Stars in Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering)
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