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Life
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Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells
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Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 19977

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Fabrice F. Darche

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Interests: human stem cells; human stem cell-derived cardiac pacemaker cells; electrophysiology; sinus node dysfunction; hiPSC-based disease modelling; biological pacemaker; basic research; clinical research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Patrick A. Schweizer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Cardiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
Interests: sinus node disease; arrhythmia syndromes; electrophysiology; channelopathies; biological pacemaker; basic research; translational research
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cell applications are already part of established therapeutic strategies in medicine. One prominent example is the allogeneic transplantation of hematopoietic stem cells in hematological diseases, where it is often the last therapeutic option to save life. However, this is only a small proportion of the use of stem cells. Stem cell applications actually range from basic research to clinical medicine, and are of great importance for almost all fields in medicine and natural sciences. In the future, their role will increase further, as they will be one of the key components of modern diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, including, in particular, regenerative medicine. In particular, human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) are of notable interest, as they bear the potential to revolutionize medicine. Since their generation by Shinja Yamanaka et al. in 2007, their usage continuously grows, and they are already integral part of research in cardiology, neurology, hematology, and many other areas in medicine. Owing to their pluripotent character, they can be nearly differentiated in all forms of somatic cells, which allows broad applications, ranging from disease modeling and drug development to regenerative medicine. Next to hiPSC, human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) are also a very attractive stem cell source. Despite being only multipotent, which limits their differentiation capacity compared to hiPSC, they nevertheless have a lot of important strengths. These include ubiquitous availability, uncomplicated isolation from bone marrow or adipose tissue, cell homing, and, most importantly, immune tolerance. Due to their immune tolerance, they are particularly well suited for allogeneic or even xenogeneic transplantation.

Considering the fast-growing importance of stem cell-based strategies in medicine and natural sciences, we therefore invite researchers from basic to clinical science working with hiPSC or hMSC to contribute to this Special Issue. We encourage the submission of all types of manuscripts including original articles, reviews, and short communications. We are looking forward to your valuable contribution!

Dr. Fabrice F. Darche
Prof. Dr. Patrick A. Schweizer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Life is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • hiPSC
  • hMSC
  • stem cell differentiation
  • disease modelling
  • regenerative medicine
  • basic research
  • clinical research

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 3748 KiB  
Article
Sphingosine-1-phosphate Treatment Improves Cryopreservation Efficiency in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Seong-Ju Oh, Chan-Hee Jo, Tae-Seok Kim, Chae-Yeon Hong, Sung-Lim Lee, Young-Hoon Kang and Gyu-Jin Rho
Life 2023, 13(6), 1286; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13061286 - 30 May 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1459
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role not only in maintaining cell shape and viability but also in homing/engraftment properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a valuable source of cell therapy. Therefore, during the cryopreservation process of MSCs, protecting the actin cytoskeleton from [...] Read more.
The actin cytoskeleton plays a crucial role not only in maintaining cell shape and viability but also in homing/engraftment properties of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), a valuable source of cell therapy. Therefore, during the cryopreservation process of MSCs, protecting the actin cytoskeleton from the freezing/thawing stress is critical in maintaining their functionality and therapeutic potential. In this study, the safety and cryoprotective potential of sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), which has a stabilizing effect on actin cytoskeleton, on dental pulp-derived MSCs (DP-MSCs) was investigated. Our results demonstrated that S1P treatment did not adversely affect viability and stemness of DP-MSCs. Furthermore, S1P pretreatment enhanced cell viability and proliferation properties of post-freeze/thaw DP-MSCs, protecting them against damage to the actin cytoskeleton and adhesion ability as well. These findings suggest that a new cryopreservation method using S1P pretreatment can enhance the overall quality of cryopreserved MSCs by stabilizing the actin cytoskeleton and making them more suitable for various applications in regenerative medicine and cell therapy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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13 pages, 2092 KiB  
Article
Distribution of Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells after Intravenous Infusion in Hypoxic–Ischemic Encephalopathy
by Su Hyun Lee, Jin Seung Choung, Jong Moon Kim, Hyunjin Kim and MinYoung Kim
Life 2023, 13(1), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13010227 - 13 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2310
Abstract
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to improve neurological function in brain damage, including hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), though the action mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the cells were tracked live using a Pearl Trilogy Small [...] Read more.
Systemic administration of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been reported to improve neurological function in brain damage, including hypoxic–ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), though the action mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the cells were tracked live using a Pearl Trilogy Small Animal fluorescence imaging system after human embryonic stem Cell-Derived MSCs (ES-MSCs) infusion for an HIE mouse model. ES-MSC–treated HIE mice showed neurobehavioral improvement. In vivo imaging showed similar sequential migration of ES-MSCs from lungs, liver, and spleen within 7 days in both HIE and normal mice with the exception of lungs, where there was higher entrapment in the HIE 1 h after infusion. In addition, ex vivo experiments confirmed time-dependent infiltration of ES-MSCs into the organs, with similar findings in vivo, although lungs and brain revealed small differences. ES-MSCs seemed to remain in the brain only in the case of HIE on day 14 after the cell infusion. The homing effect in the host brain was confirmed with immunofluorescence staining, which showed that grafted cells remained in the brain tissue at the lesion area with neurorestorative findings. Further research should be carried out to elucidate the role of each host organ’s therapeutic effects when stem cells are systemically introduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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21 pages, 5008 KiB  
Article
Survival and Neurogenesis-Promoting Effects of the Co-Overexpression of BCLXL and BDNF Genes on Wharton’s Jelly-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells
by Paulina Borkowska, Julia Morys, Aleksandra Zielinska, Marcin Sadlocha and Jan Kowalski
Life 2022, 12(9), 1406; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12091406 - 9 Sep 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1831
Abstract
The main problem with using MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) to treat the deficient diseases of the central nervous system is the low cell survival rate after the transplant procedure and their low ability to spontaneously differentiate into functional neurons. The aim [...] Read more.
The main problem with using MSC (mesenchymal stem cells) to treat the deficient diseases of the central nervous system is the low cell survival rate after the transplant procedure and their low ability to spontaneously differentiate into functional neurons. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of genetically modifying MSC. A co-overexpression of two genes was performed: BCLXL was supposed to increase the resistance of the cells to the toxic agents and BDNF was supposed to direct cells into the neuronal differentiation pathway. As a result, it was possible to obtain the functional overexpression of the BCLXL and BDNF genes. These cells had an increased resistance to apoptosis-inducing toxicants (staurosporine, doxorubicin and H2O2). At the same time, the genes of the neuronal pathway (CHAT, TPH1) were overexpressed. The genetically modified MSC increased the survival rate under toxic conditions, which increased the chance of surviving a transplant procedure. The obtained cells can be treated as neural cell progenitors, which makes them a universal material that can be used in various disease models. The production of neurotransmitters suggests that cells transplanted into the brain and subjected to the additional influence of the brain’s microenvironment, will be able to form synapses and become functional neurons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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Review

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24 pages, 1248 KiB  
Review
Fresh Umbilical Cord Blood—A Source of Multipotent Stem Cells, Collection, Banking, Cryopreservation, and Ethical Concerns
by Seeta Devi, Anupkumar M. Bongale, Minyechil Alehegn Tefera, Prashant Dixit and Prasad Bhanap
Life 2023, 13(9), 1794; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13091794 - 23 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6400
Abstract
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells that can be used to replace bone marrow components. Many blood disorders and systemic illnesses are increasingly being treated with stem cells as regenerative medical therapy. Presently, collected blood has been stored [...] Read more.
Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a rich source of hematopoietic cells that can be used to replace bone marrow components. Many blood disorders and systemic illnesses are increasingly being treated with stem cells as regenerative medical therapy. Presently, collected blood has been stored in either public or private banks for allogenic or autologous transplantation. Using a specific keyword, we used the English language to search for relevant articles in SCOPUS and PubMed databases over time frame. According to our review, Asian countries are increasingly using UCB preservation for future use as regenerative medicine, and existing studies indicate that this trend will continue. This recent literature review explains the methodology of UCB collection, banking, and cryopreservation for future clinical use. Between 2010 and 2022, 10,054 UCB stem cell samples were effectively cryopreserved. Furthermore, we have discussed using Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) as transplant medicine, and its clinical applications. It is essential for healthcare personnel, particularly those working in labor rooms, to comprehend the protocols for collecting, transporting, and storing UCB. This review aims to provide a glimpse of the details about the UCB collection and banking processes, its benefits, and the use of UCB-derived stem cells in clinical practice, as well as the ethical concerns associated with UCB, all of which are important for healthcare professionals, particularly those working in maternity wards; namely, the obstetrician, neonatologist, and anyone involved in perinatal care. This article also highlights the practical and ethical concerns associated with private UCB banks, and the existence of public banks. UCB may continue to grow to assist healthcare teams worldwide in treating various metabolic, hematological, and immunodeficiency disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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32 pages, 1472 KiB  
Review
Epigenetic Modification Factors and microRNAs Network Associated with Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells toward Cardiomyocytes: A Review
by Afshin Zare, Aria Salehpour, Arezoo Khoradmehr, Shabnam Bakhshalizadeh, Vahid Najafzadeh, Sahar Almasi-Turk, Mahdi Mahdipour, Reza Shirazi and Amin Tamadon
Life 2023, 13(2), 569; https://doi.org/10.3390/life13020569 - 17 Feb 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2906
Abstract
More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In [...] Read more.
More research is being conducted on myocardial cell treatments utilizing stem cell lines that can develop into cardiomyocytes. All of the forms of cardiac illnesses have shown to be quite amenable to treatments using embryonic (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). In the present study, we reviewed the differentiation of these cell types into cardiomyocytes from an epigenetic standpoint. We also provided a miRNA network that is devoted to the epigenetic commitment of stem cells toward cardiomyocyte cells and related diseases, such as congenital heart defects, comprehensively. Histone acetylation, methylation, DNA alterations, N6-methyladenosine (m6a) RNA methylation, and cardiac mitochondrial mutations are explored as potential tools for precise stem cell differentiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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14 pages, 1681 KiB  
Review
The Role of Extracellular Matrix and Hydrogels in Mesenchymal Stem Cell Chondrogenesis and Cartilage Regeneration
by Magdalena Strecanska, Lubos Danisovic, Stanislav Ziaran and Michaela Cehakova
Life 2022, 12(12), 2066; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12122066 - 9 Dec 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3897
Abstract
Diseases associated with articular cartilage disintegration or loss are still therapeutically challenging. The traditional treatment approaches only alleviate the symptoms while potentially causing serious side effects. The limited self-renewal potential of articular cartilage provides opportunities for advanced therapies involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) [...] Read more.
Diseases associated with articular cartilage disintegration or loss are still therapeutically challenging. The traditional treatment approaches only alleviate the symptoms while potentially causing serious side effects. The limited self-renewal potential of articular cartilage provides opportunities for advanced therapies involving mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are characterized by a remarkable regenerative capacity. The chondrogenic potential of MSCs is known to be regulated by the local environment, including soluble factors and the less discussed extracellular matrix (ECM) components. This review summarizes the process of chondrogenesis, and also the biological properties of the ECM mediated by mechanotransduction as well as canonical and non-canonical signaling. Our focus is also on the influence of the ECM’s physical parameters, molecular composition, and chondrogenic factor affinity on the adhesion, survival, and chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. These basic biological insights are crucial for a more precise fabrication of ECM-mimicking hydrogels to improve cartilage tissue reconstruction. Lastly, we provide an overview of hydrogel classification and characterization. We also include the results from preclinical models combining MSCs with hydrogels for the treatment of cartilage defects, to support clinical application of this construct. Overall, it is believed that the proper combination of MSCs, hydrogels, and chondrogenic factors can lead to complex cartilage regeneration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Mesenchymal (hMSC) and Induced Pluripotent (hiPSC) Stem Cells)
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