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Life
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New Mechanism and Insights into Sarcopenia
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New Mechanism and Insights into Sarcopenia

A special issue of Life (ISSN 2075-1729). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Pathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2021) | Viewed by 13283

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Ke-Vin Chang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei 100, Taiwan
Interests: pain; rehabilitation; ultrasound; neuropathy; meta-analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Sarcopenia is defined as loss of muscle mass and function and is prevalent in the geriatric population. Sarcopenia is linked to many unfavorable clinical outcomes, such as dementia, depression, increased mortality, and longer hospitalization. The pathophysiology of sarcopenia is multifactorial, comprising improper nutrition support, lack of physical activities, and chronic inflammation. The benefits of exercise training and nutrition supplementation for reversing sarcopenia have been reported by the existing literature. Recently, the abnormal findings in the cellular metabolism in the sarcopenic population were also unveiled. There are studies showing that sarcopenia is associated with a shorted telomere and an increased expression of repeat-containing RNA (TERRA). In this Special Issue, we welcome all relevant original and review articles, but of particular interest are the pathogenesis, cellular abnormalities, clinical nutrition, and associated comorbidities related to sarcopenia.

Prof. Dr. Ke-Vin Chang
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • sarcopenia
  • frailty
  • ageing
  • muscle
  • nutrition

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 287 KiB  
Article
Reliability of Frail and Barthel Tests for Detecting Frailty in Palliative Oncological Patients in a Home Hospitalization Unit: A Comparative Study
by Susana León-Ramón, Emmanuel Navarro-Flores, Marta Elena Losa-Iglesias, Ricardo Becerro-de-Bengoa-Vallejo, Ana María Jiménez-Cebrián, Carlos Romero-Morales, Patricia Palomo-López and Daniel López-López
Life 2022, 12(2), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12020286 - 14 Feb 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2566
Abstract
Cancer is a condition that can increase the risk of frailty. In addition, palliative oncological patients in home hospitalization can find their activities of daily living affected. The main objective was to measure the degree of frailty in the oncological population in home [...] Read more.
Cancer is a condition that can increase the risk of frailty. In addition, palliative oncological patients in home hospitalization can find their activities of daily living affected. The main objective was to measure the degree of frailty in the oncological population in home hospitalization comparing Barthel and Frail-VIG Indexes. This is a descriptive cross-sectional study. A sample of oncological patients in home hospitalization (n = 50) that included 27 men and 23 women were recruited, and disability due to frailty was measured using the VIG frailty index and the Barthel scale for Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Spearman’s correlation coefficients were categorized as weak (rs ≤ 0.40), moderate (0.41 ≤ rs ≥ 0.69) or robust (0.70 ≤ rs ≥ 1.00), with a strong indirect correlation between the domains using the toilet, transferring and wandering on the Frail-VIG scale with an r (s) value −0.810 (p < 0.001), −0.831 (p < 0.001) and −0.805 (p < 0.001), respectively, and a moderate indirect correlation for the domains of eating −0.718 (p < 0.001), dressing −0.770 (p < 0.001) and urination −0.704 (<0.001). The Frail-VIG index above 0.35 points, that is, from moderate to severe, does not affect ADLs except in the nutritional dimension in a palliative oncological population in home hospitalization. The preliminary outcomes obtained should be considered to determine the impact of nutritional status with regard to ADLs in palliative oncological patients in a home hospitalization unit. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Mechanism and Insights into Sarcopenia)

Review

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13 pages, 9793 KiB  
Review
Ultrasound Imaging for the Diagnosis and Evaluation of Sarcopenia: An Umbrella Review
by Jia-Chi Wang, Wei-Ting Wu, Ke-Vin Chang, Lan-Rong Chen, Shao-Yu Chi, Murat Kara and Levent Özçakar
Life 2022, 12(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/life12010009 - 22 Dec 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 5259
Abstract
There is an increasing number of reviews investigating the value of ultrasound (US) in the assessment of aging-related muscle loss. The present umbrella review aimed to systematically investigate the evidence of US imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia. PubMed, Medline, Embase [...] Read more.
There is an increasing number of reviews investigating the value of ultrasound (US) in the assessment of aging-related muscle loss. The present umbrella review aimed to systematically investigate the evidence of US imaging in the diagnosis and evaluation of sarcopenia. PubMed, Medline, Embase and Web of Science were searched from their inceptions to 31 October 2021. Systematic reviews and reviews using a systematic strategy for literature search were enrolled. The extracted data were narrated at the level of systematic reviews and meta-analyses. This umbrella review included four articles pertaining to 125 original studies and yielded several important findings. First, US is a reliable and valid imaging tool for the assessment of skeletal muscle mass. Second, among all the US parameters in B-mode, muscle thickness is the most commonly used one, which has good correlation with other standard measurements. Third, although sonoelastography and contrast-enhanced US are promising imaging modalities, their clinical utility is still limited at the current stage. Finally, a future systematic review is warranted to analyze how different ultrasonographic diagnostic criteria influence the prevalence of sarcopenia as well as its adverse health outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Mechanism and Insights into Sarcopenia)
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21 pages, 758 KiB  
Review
Influencing Factors and Molecular Pathogenesis of Sarcopenia and Osteosarcopenia in Chronic Liver Disease
by Chisato Saeki and Akihito Tsubota
Life 2021, 11(9), 899; https://doi.org/10.3390/life11090899 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 4406
Abstract
The liver plays a pivotal role in nutrient/energy metabolism and storage, anabolic hormone regulation, ammonia detoxification, and cytokine production. Impaired liver function can cause malnutrition, hyperammonemia, and chronic inflammation, leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Patients with chronic liver [...] Read more.
The liver plays a pivotal role in nutrient/energy metabolism and storage, anabolic hormone regulation, ammonia detoxification, and cytokine production. Impaired liver function can cause malnutrition, hyperammonemia, and chronic inflammation, leading to an imbalance between muscle protein synthesis and proteolysis. Patients with chronic liver disease (CLD) have a high prevalence of sarcopenia, characterized by progressive loss of muscle mass and function, affecting health-related quality of life and prognosis. Recent reports have revealed that osteosarcopenia, defined as the concomitant occurrence of sarcopenia and osteoporosis, is also highly prevalent in patients with CLD. Since the differentiation and growth of muscles and bones are closely interrelated through mechanical and biochemical communication, sarcopenia and osteoporosis often progress concurrently and affect each other. Osteosarcopenia further exacerbates unfavorable health outcomes, such as vertebral fracture and frailty. Therefore, a comprehensive assessment of sarcopenia, osteoporosis, and osteosarcopenia, and an understanding of the pathogenic mechanisms involving the liver, bones, and muscles, are important for prevention and treatment. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of sarcopenia and osteosarcopenia elucidated to data in hopes of promoting advances in treating these musculoskeletal disorders in patients with CLD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Mechanism and Insights into Sarcopenia)
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