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Machines
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Advances in Vehicle Brake and Clutch Systems
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Advances in Vehicle Brake and Clutch Systems

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Vehicle Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2025 | Viewed by 5024

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Matija Hoić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: clutch modeling (dual clutch, E-clutch, wear); mechanical design and modelling of mechatronic systems
Dr. Mario Hrgetić

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Interests: estimation of vehicle dynamics variables; electrical and electronics circuits design; sensors and instrumentation; control system design of mechatronic modules

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Brakes and clutches are key subsystems of vehicles which are characterized and heavily influenced by the friction properties of the pair of components in sliding contact, similar to bearings or cylinder pistons. Within the research related to the automation of various drivetrain subsystems, the improvement of fuel efficiency and minimization of production costs in all friction-influenced components and subsystems are of special interest. While low friction is desirable for most components, the design of brakes and clutches is carried out with the maximization of friction as one of the goals. Hence, the development of clutches and brakes faces noticeably different challenges compared to the development of other subsystems and components.

The contributions to this Special Issue are thus envisioned as a collection of recent advancements in the design of brakes and clutches, the latter being dry or wet. Research topics of interest may include, but are not limited to:

  • modeling of wear and friction,
  • new insights into friction material production,
  • innovative mechanical design of the brakes, clutches, and/or their respective actuation mechanisms,
  • design of measurement subsystems for advanced control and monitoring approaches,
  • testing equipment and procedures,
  • development of control strategies,
  • surveillance and data collection of operational behavior in exploitation.

Both review papers and in-depth research papers on new developments in this field will be collected in this Special Issue.

Dr. Matija Hoić
Dr. Mario Hrgetić
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • brake
  • clutch
  • friction
  • wear
  • friction material
  • mechanical design
  • modeling
  • slip control

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 8723 KiB  
Article
Experimental Investigation and Control of Driveline Torsional Vibrations during Clutch-to-Clutch Shifts of Electrified Vehicles
by Sooyoung Kim
Machines 2024, 12(4), 239; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12040239 - 5 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1065
Abstract
An electrified vehicle equipped with a stepped-ratio transmission and clutch(es) requires precise control of the clutch actuator(s) and power sources to achieve optimal gear shift performance, which is characterized by smooth and swift gear shifts. Owing to the absence of the smoothing effect [...] Read more.
An electrified vehicle equipped with a stepped-ratio transmission and clutch(es) requires precise control of the clutch actuator(s) and power sources to achieve optimal gear shift performance, which is characterized by smooth and swift gear shifts. Owing to the absence of the smoothing effect of torque converters, dual-clutch transmission (DCT) powertrains are prone to inducing abrupt shift shocks—particularly during rapid clutch-to-clutch shifts. Balancing the smoothness and speed of shifts is a significant challenge and was the key focus of this study. Multiple experiments and model-based analyses were conducted to investigate the tradeoff between smoothness and shift time during the clutch-to-clutch shifts of a parallel-type hybrid electric vehicle with a dry DCT. Additionally, the adverse effects of inaccurate power-source control on shift quality were experimentally investigated. The results revealed the primary physical factors in terms of control causing torsional driveline oscillations in clutch-to-clutch shifts. According to these observations, a detailed quantitative guide including how to generate reference trajectories for shift control is proposed, with the aim of reducing the driveline torsional vibrations without compromising the shift time. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy was demonstrated through real-time experiments on an electrified powertrain with a DCT using a dedicated test bench. This study provides valuable insights for optimizing the shift performance of electrified vehicles—particularly for managing torsional vibrations during clutch-to-clutch shifts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vehicle Brake and Clutch Systems)
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25 pages, 9757 KiB  
Article
Redesign of a Disc-on-Disc Computer Numerical Control Tribometer for a Wide-Range and Shudder-Resistant Operation
by Matija Hoić, Mario Hrgetić, Nenad Kranjčević, Joško Deur and Andreas Tissot
Machines 2024, 12(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines12010014 - 26 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1382
Abstract
The paper presents a redesign of the custom disc-on-disc-type tribometer intended for the experimental characterization of the friction and wear of automotive dry clutch friction lining. The redesign is aimed at expanding the operating range at which the machine is not sensitive to [...] Read more.
The paper presents a redesign of the custom disc-on-disc-type tribometer intended for the experimental characterization of the friction and wear of automotive dry clutch friction lining. The redesign is aimed at expanding the operating range at which the machine is not sensitive to shudder vibrations. This is achieved through a set of hardware and software upgrade measures. First, the natural frequency of the normal load-generation linear axis of the machine is increased by enlarging its bending stiffness and reducing the suspended mass. The former is realized by replacing the single, two-axial force/torque piezoelectric sensor with a set of three three-axial piezoelectric force sensors, adding a set of stiff linear guides, and reducing the lengths of the cantilevers of lateral forces acting on the linear axis guide system. The latter is accomplished by reducing the overall dimensions of the cooling disc and redesigning the thermal insulation components. The shudder sensitivity resistance is further reduced through individual normal force-readings-based adjustment of parallelism between friction contact surfaces and the increase in the stiffness of eccentrically positioned water-cooling pipes. Finally, the stability of the coefficient of friction and, consequently, the wear process are boosted by adjusting the control routines to minimize the circumferential and/or radial temperature gradients. These adjustments include the introduction of a clutch lock-up interval at the end of the clutch closing cycle, a minimum cooling delay inserted between two closing cycles, and maximum normal force demand of the clutch torque controller. The performance gain of the upgraded tribometer is demonstrated through a study of the dry clutch friction plate static wear experimental characterization for a wide range of operating conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vehicle Brake and Clutch Systems)
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21 pages, 1682 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation of Hydrodynamic Retarders with Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process and Improved Radar Chart
by Zhuo Wang, Wei Wei, Xiuqi Chen, Reza Langari and Qingdong Yan
Machines 2023, 11(9), 849; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines11090849 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1756
Abstract
The braking performance of hydrodynamic retarders is critical for the safety and economy of heavy-duty vehicles. In order to effectively improve the braking system to meet the needs of the market, an evaluation method for quantifying the performance of hydrodynamic retarders is imperative. [...] Read more.
The braking performance of hydrodynamic retarders is critical for the safety and economy of heavy-duty vehicles. In order to effectively improve the braking system to meet the needs of the market, an evaluation method for quantifying the performance of hydrodynamic retarders is imperative. In this paper, ten evaluation criteria are put forward according to relevant national standards and market requirements, then the scores corresponding to these criteria are obtained by performance bench test. A fuzzy modification of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method is applied to determine the relative weights of the chosen evaluation criteria, where uncertain and imprecise judgments of decision-makers are translated into fuzzy numbers. Furthermore, the improved radar chart method is used to comprehensively evaluate and rank the braking performance of three types of hydrodynamic retarders as an empirical example. In addition, the weight sensitivity analysis is conducted to examine the robustness of the ranking results. The results show that the proposed method is effective and feasible. It provides a reference for multi-objective optimization control strategies and structure designs of hydrodynamic retarders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Vehicle Brake and Clutch Systems)
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