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Machines
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Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process
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Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process

A special issue of Machines (ISSN 2075-1702). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced Manufacturing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2022) | Viewed by 10162

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Cheng-Chi Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Ph.D. Program, Graduate Institute of Precision Manufacturing, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No.57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung 41170, Taiwan
Interests: nonlinear dynamic analysis; smart machine; chaos; optimization
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Chih-Chang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Computer-aided Engineering, Feng Chia University, Taichung 407802, Taiwan
Interests: thermal system design; machine tool thermal design; fast heating and thermal displacement compensation; sensor design and smart decision making
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Green smart manufacturing technologies can be applied for carbon reduction, energy saving, and decarbonization processes using smart composite materials, sensing control, optimization, and automation analysis. Many researchers in smart system control design and studies have made great efforts to develop green innovative methodologies for engineering, physical, biological, etc., and these research results have had great influence regarding the goal of carbon neutrality by 2050. Driven by such motivation, innovative green smart manufacturing processes, including smart producing systems, intelligent sensing control, smart materials application, and decarbonization analysis, are proposed not only in the area of engineering but also in new paradigms in smart science. This Special Issue includes the mathematical and physical theories of smart system analysis and optimization in physical, engineering, and biological studies and their various applications. Prospective authors are invited to submit original papers to this Special issue.

The topics of interest include but are not limited to

  • Green, carbon reduction, energy-saving smart manufacture;
  • Inventions/innovation of green processing;
  • Innovation in smart metrology and intelligent automation systems;
  • Optimization schemes and control systems on manufacturing;
  • Other green systems and applications.

Prof. Dr. Cheng-Chi Wang
Prof. Dr. Chih-Chang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Machines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • green smart manufacturing
  • carbon reduction
  • energy saving
  • decarbonization

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 4518 KiB  
Article
Circular Economy in Practice: Building a Simple Greenhouse from Recycled Plastic
by Cheng-Jung Yang, Mei-Jyun Lin, Po-Tuan Chen and Hsin-Lin Chiu
Machines 2022, 10(12), 1207; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121207 - 13 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2583
Abstract
Reusing materials in multiple cycles is the key to achieving a circular economy. Recycled composite rods made from the mix of discarded fishing nets and car bumpers are proposed as a promising building material to construct a greenhouse. However, the mechanical properties of [...] Read more.
Reusing materials in multiple cycles is the key to achieving a circular economy. Recycled composite rods made from the mix of discarded fishing nets and car bumpers are proposed as a promising building material to construct a greenhouse. However, the mechanical properties of the recycled composite rods are different from their original materials, thus the feasibility for use in products must be verified through design, analysis, and implementation processes. In this study, we investigate the feasibility of recycling composite material through the force generated by the simulated eleven level wind blowing to the greenhouse. Static force analysis (axial tensile force, X-axis bending moment, and Y-axis bending moment) at the joints between rods showed that the bolt hole of the fasteners would not break and bring safety issues. Dynamic force analysis results indicate that, under vibration caused by an earthquake or operation of the exhaust fan, there would not be a sufficient resonance at the joint to cause the greenhouse to collapse. We demonstrate that the construction of a greenhouse covering an area of 60 m2 is feasible. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process)
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20 pages, 3184 KiB  
Article
Effect of Coolant Temperature on the Thermal Compensation of a Machine Tool
by Swami Nath Maurya, Kun-Ying Li, Win-Jet Luo and Shih-Ying Kao
Machines 2022, 10(12), 1201; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121201 - 12 Dec 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3939
Abstract
Machine tool (MT) accuracy is an important factor in the industry and is affected by heat generation through internal and external moving parts; the electrical components used; and variable environmental temperatures. Thermal errors lead to 40–60% of all MT errors. To improve MT [...] Read more.
Machine tool (MT) accuracy is an important factor in the industry and is affected by heat generation through internal and external moving parts; the electrical components used; and variable environmental temperatures. Thermal errors lead to 40–60% of all MT errors. To improve MT accuracy, efficient techniques to minimize thermal errors must be identified. This study investigated the coolant temperature effects under different rotating speeds of a standalone built-in spindle system and computer numerical control (CNC) machine with a direct-drive spindle on the accuracy of thermal deformation prediction. The z-axis thermal deformation of the standalone built-in spindle system and CNC machine with a direct-drive spindle was conducted at different spindle rotating speeds and coolant temperatures at a constant coolant flow rate of 5 LPM. All experiments were conducted in a steady and dynamic operation according to ISO 230-3. For the standalone built-in spindle system, in comparison to the Mares model, the developed new model based on the coolant temperature effect on the Mares model (Mares CT model) can improve the thermal deformation prediction accuracy by 18.17% to 39.50% at different coolant temperatures of 12 ∘C to 26 ∘C and the accuracy can be controlled within the range of 0.03 μm to 5.24 μm, while the supply coolant temperature is above 16 ∘C. However, the thermal compensation analysis of the Mares CT model for a CNC machine with a direct-drive spindle shows a thermal deformation prediction accuracy improvement of 58.30% to 66.35% at different coolant temperatures of 22 ∘C to 28 ∘C and the accuracy can be controlled within the range of 0.14 μm to 4.05 μm. To validate the feasibility of the compensation model in real machining processes, dynamic operational analysis was performed for a standalone built-in spindle system and a CNC machine with a direct-drive spindle, and the thermal deformation prediction accuracy improved by 12.19% to 35.53% with the standalone built-in spindle system and 40.25% to 60.33% with the CNC machine with a direct-drive spindle. The compensation model analysis shows that the coolant temperature has a high impact on thermal deformation prediction and markedly affects system accuracy within certain limits. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process)
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18 pages, 6610 KiB  
Article
A Study of 2D Contour Measurement System at Tool Center Point of Machine Tools
by Ben-Fong Yu, Jenq-Shyong Chen and Hung-Yih Tsai
Machines 2022, 10(12), 1199; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10121199 - 10 Dec 2022
Viewed by 1332
Abstract
This study proposes a 2D contour measurement system at the tool center point (TCP) that consists of a Blu-ray pickup head and position sensitive detector (PSD). The TCP displacement is equivalent to the relative position between the tool and workpiece. When the machine [...] Read more.
This study proposes a 2D contour measurement system at the tool center point (TCP) that consists of a Blu-ray pickup head and position sensitive detector (PSD). The TCP displacement is equivalent to the relative position between the tool and workpiece. When the machine tools operate the machine part along the desired contour, the TCP displacement affects the machining geometric accuracy. To evaluate the TCP displacement, the contour errors are measured by the cross-grid encoder (KGM) in practice. However, it is difficult to install KGM as it is large and expensive. In this study, an optical measurement system (OMS) is constructed to measure the TCP displacement, named TCP-OMS. A Blu-ray pickup head was installed on the spindle as a tool, and a PSD was installed on the table as a workpiece. To enhance the measurement signal’s resolution and precision of TCP-OMS, the noise was reduced by an AC voltage stabilizer, a DC regulator, and a low-pass filter. The experimental results show that the resolution of displacement measurement was less than 1 μm, and the linearity regions of the X-orientation and Y-orientation were ±3 mm. The motion test on the circular paths were performed on an actual machine tool, and the repeatability tests of this measurement system were verified. The measurement data of circular paths were collected by TCP-OMS and KGM and the results were then compared. When the feed rate of the circular paths increased, the circular deviations were magnified, simultaneously. The axis reversal spikes were observed at the quadrants of a circular path. These measurement results of TCP-OMS matched with the measurement results of KGM. The TCP-OMS developed in this study is characterized by simple installation, compactness, and a low price. It is suitable for 2D contour measurement at the tool center point of machine tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process)
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17 pages, 14790 KiB  
Article
Punch Motion Curve in the Extrusion–Drawing Process to Obtain Circular Cups
by Tsung-Chia Chen, Shi-Xun Chen and Cheng-Chi Wang
Machines 2022, 10(8), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/machines10080638 - 1 Aug 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1611
Abstract
Servo press technology is gaining attention because its punch motion curve offers greater formability than that of a conventional stamping press. This study investigated the effect of punch motion curves on the circular cup extrusion–drawing process. Various punch motion curves were analyzed, and [...] Read more.
Servo press technology is gaining attention because its punch motion curve offers greater formability than that of a conventional stamping press. This study investigated the effect of punch motion curves on the circular cup extrusion–drawing process. Various punch motion curves were analyzed, and the optimal curve for application was determined. Both the extrusion–drawing process and spring back of U-shaped sheet metal were investigated. In the circular cup extrusion–drawing process, the punch motion curve of a conventional stamping press (Case A) and three punch motion curves of a servo press (Cases B–D, the strokes of which differed from that of Case A by 0.5, 1.5, and 2.5 mm, respectively) were compared, particularly regarding the effect of the coefficient of friction on the circular cup extrusion–drawing process. The simulation analysis was performed using the software program DEFORM. A set of simulated parameters were compared with experimental results. The formability, cup shape, cup height, cup thickness, extrusion force–displacement curve, stress distribution, and strain distribution were analyzed for the design of the die required. Additionally, experimental and simulation results were compared to determine the reliability and precision of the DEFORM simulations. The results indicated that the conventional punch motion curve resulted in a shorter cup, greater stress, greater strain, and the need for a greater extrusion force. By contrast, the servo punch motion curves resulted in taller cups, less stress, and less strain. The findings can serve as a reference for the development of servo presses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Manufacturing: Green and Energy-Saving Smart Manufacturing Process)
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