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Marine Drugs
Special Issues
Polysaccharides from Marine Environment
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Polysaccharides from Marine Environment

A special issue of Marine Drugs (ISSN 1660-3397). This special issue belongs to the section "Marine Pharmacology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 January 2025 | Viewed by 11580

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. You-Jin Jeon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Marine Life Sciences, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of Korea
2. Marine Science Institute, Jeju National University, Jeju 63333, Republic of Korea
Interests: polysaccharides, fucoidans, carrageenans, ulvans, agars, alginic acids, chitins and chitosans, chondroitin sulfates, glucosaminoglycans, marine organism; prevention or improvement of disorders; functionalities, bioactivities, bioavailabilities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Marine biodiversity and marine organisms are vital components of nature. Their potential is highly appreciated in functional foods and pharmaceutical industries. The structures of various polysaccharides obtained from marine resources greatly impact their valuable applications. Marine plants, animals, and microorganisms have rich sources of polysaccharides. Based on the origin, we can find marine animal polysaccharides (chitin, chitosan, chondroitin sulfate, marine glycosaminoglycans), marine plant polysaccharides (brown algae: fucoidan, alginate, laminarin; red algae: carrageenan, agar; green algae: ulvan), and marine microbial polysaccharides (exopolysaccharides, structural polysaccharides, intracellular polysaccharides). This Special Issue, “Polysaccharides from Marine Environment”, will be published in the journal of Marine Drugs. The focus will be on defining the extraction of polysaccharides, identifying their structures, and recognizing their effectiveness in different bioactivities to make functional foods, and pharmaceuticals in the future.

Prof. Dr. You-Jin Jeon
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Marine Drugs is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • polysaccharides
  • marine environments
  • extraction and isolation techniques
  • modification techniques
  • structures
  • bioactivities
  • functional foods
  • prevention
  • improvement
  • disorders

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 7588 KiB  
Article
Optimizing Antioxidant Potential: Factorial Design-Based Formulation of Fucoidan and Gallic Acid-Conjugated Dextran Blends
by Cynthia Haynara Ferreira Silva, Maylla Maria Correia Leite Silva, Weslley Souza Paiva, Mayara Jane Campos de Medeiros, Moacir Fernandes Queiroz, Luciana Duarte Martins Matta, Everaldo Silvino dos Santos and Hugo Alexandre Oliveira Rocha
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(9), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22090417 - 13 Sep 2024
Viewed by 838
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress in health and homeostasis has generated interest in the scientific community due to its association with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases. Therefore, extensive research seeks to identify new exogenous antioxidant compounds for supplementation. Polysaccharides are [...] Read more.
The role of oxidative stress in health and homeostasis has generated interest in the scientific community due to its association with cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and other diseases. Therefore, extensive research seeks to identify new exogenous antioxidant compounds for supplementation. Polysaccharides are recognized for their antioxidant properties. However, polysaccharide chemical modifications are often necessary to enhance these properties. Therefore, dextran was conjugated with gallic acid (Dex-Gal) and later combined with fucoidan A (FucA) to formulate blends aimed at achieving superior antioxidant activity compared to individual polysaccharides. A factorial design was employed to combine FucA and Dex-Gal in different proportions, resulting in five blends (BLD1, BLD2, BLD3, BLD4, and BLD5). An analysis of surface graphs from in vitro antioxidant tests, including total antioxidant capacity (TAC), reducing power, and hydroxyl radical scavenging, guided the selection of BLD4 as the optimal formulation. Tests on 3T3 fibroblasts under various conditions of oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide revealed that BLD4 provided enhanced protection compared to its isolated components. The BLD4 formulation, resulting from the combination of Dex-Gal and FucA, showed promise as an antioxidant strategy, outperforming its individual components and suggesting its potential as a supplement to mitigate oxidative stress in adverse health conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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13 pages, 3073 KiB  
Article
Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Fucoidan from Costaria costata Inhibited Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in Mice
by Wei Zhang, Peter C. W. Lee and Jun-O Jin
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(9), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22090401 - 2 Sep 2024
Viewed by 1002
Abstract
Seaweed extracts, especially fucoidan, are well known for their immune-modulating abilities. In this current study, we extracted fucoidan from Costaria costata, a seaweed commonly found in coastal Asia, and examined its anti-inflammatory effect. Fucoidan was extracted from dried C. costata (FCC) using [...] Read more.
Seaweed extracts, especially fucoidan, are well known for their immune-modulating abilities. In this current study, we extracted fucoidan from Costaria costata, a seaweed commonly found in coastal Asia, and examined its anti-inflammatory effect. Fucoidan was extracted from dried C. costata (FCC) using an alcohol extraction method at an extraction rate of 4.5 ± 0.21%. The extracted FCC comprised the highest proportion of carbohydrates, along with sulfate and uronic acid. The immune regulatory effect of FCC was examined using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Pretreatment with FCC dose-dependently decreased the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced upregulation of co-stimulatory molecules and major histocompatibility complex. In addition, FCC prevented morphological changes in LPS-induced BMDCs. Moreover, treatment of LPS-induced BMDCs with FCC suppressed the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. In C57BL/6 mice, oral administration of FCC suppressed LPS-induced lung inflammation, reducing the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Finally, the administration of FCC suppressed LPS-induced sepsis. Therefore, FCC could be developed as a health supplement based on the observed anti-inflammatory effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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15 pages, 3785 KiB  
Article
Purification and Structural Analyses of Sulfated Polysaccharides from Low-Value Sea Cucumber Stichopus naso and Anticoagulant Activities of Its Oligosaccharides
by Lige Cui, Huifang Sun, Xiaolei Shang, Jing Wen, Pengfei Li, Shengtao Yang, Linxia Chen, Xiangyang Huang, Haoyang Li, Ronghua Yin and Jinhua Zhao
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(6), 265; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22060265 - 8 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1376
Abstract
Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea [...] Read more.
Three polysaccharides (SnNG, SnFS and SnFG) were purified from the body wall of Stichopus naso. The physicochemical properties, including monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, sulfate content, and optical rotation, were analyzed, confirming that SnFS and SnFG are sulfated polysaccharides commonly found in sea cucumbers. The highly regular structure {3)-L-Fuc2S-(α1,}n of SnFS was determined via a detailed NMR analysis of its oxidative degradation product. By employing β-elimination depolymerization of SnFG, tri-, penta-, octa-, hendeca-, tetradeca-, and heptadeca-saccharides were obtained from the low-molecular-weight product. Their well-defined structures confirmed that SnFG possessed the backbone of {D-GalNAc4S6S-β(1,4)-D-GlcA}, and each GlcA residue was branched with Fuc2S4S. SnFS and SnFG are both structurally the simplest version of natural fucan sulfate and fucosylated glycosaminoglycan, facilitating the application of low-value sea cucumbers S. naso. Bioactivity assays showed that SnFG and its derived oligosaccharides exhibited potent anticoagulation and intrinsic factor Xase (iXase) inhibition. Moreover, a comparative analysis with the series of oligosaccharides solely branched with Fuc3S4S showed that in oligosaccharides with lower degrees of polymerization, such as octasaccharides, Fuc2S4S led to a greater increase in APTT prolongation and iXase inhibition. As the degree of polymerization increases, the influence from the sulfation pattern diminishes, until it is overshadowed by the effects of molecular weight. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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24 pages, 7591 KiB  
Article
Effects of Polymannuronic Acid on the Intestinal Microbiota in Mice after Long-Term Intragastric Administration
by E Zhang, Qiang Wei, Xia Li and Shuliang Song
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(3), 125; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22030125 - 6 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1778
Abstract
Polymannuronic acid (PM) is an alginate oligosaccharide derived from brown algae with a characterized structure and excellent biological activities. Herein, mice were given different doses of PM through 30-day-long-term intragastric administration, and the contents of the jejunum, ileum, and colon were analyzed by [...] Read more.
Polymannuronic acid (PM) is an alginate oligosaccharide derived from brown algae with a characterized structure and excellent biological activities. Herein, mice were given different doses of PM through 30-day-long-term intragastric administration, and the contents of the jejunum, ileum, and colon were analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology for microbial diversity, and relevant experiments were verified according to the analysis results so as to comprehensively evaluate the effects of PM on the intestinal flora. The PM (400 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg) could regulate the microflora balance at the phylum level and increase the microflora richness in the jejunum, ileum, and colon of the mice. The PM could induce more strains that are negatively correlated with Escherichia, thereby reducing the relative abundance of Escherichia. Analysis of bacterial function showed that high and low doses of PM could promote lipid metabolism in the bacterial communities. Moreover, the PM could reduce serum total cholesterol and cholesterol ester levels in a concentration-dependent manner. High-dose PM could lead to colonic intestinal inflammation by increasing the relative abundance of multiple bacterial groups in the jejunum, ileum, and colon. Moreover, high-dose PM could increase lipopolysaccharide-binding protein and interleukin-1β levels. Therefore, the dose of PM plays an important role in its efficacy, and its biological activity is dosedifferent. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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16 pages, 8761 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Physical Characteristics and In Vitro Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Fucoidan from Padina arborescens: A Comprehensive Assessment against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation
by Hyo-Geun Lee, N. M. Liyanage, Fengqi Yang, Young-Sang Kim, Seung-Hong Lee, Seok-Chun Ko, Hye-Won Yang and You-Jin Jeon
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(3), 109; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22030109 - 27 Feb 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1932
Abstract
A biocompatible, heterogeneous, fucose-rich, sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) is biosynthesized in brown seaweed. In this study, fucoidan was isolated from Padina arborescens (PAC) using celluclast-assisted extraction, purified, and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Structural analyses were performed using [...] Read more.
A biocompatible, heterogeneous, fucose-rich, sulfated polysaccharide (fucoidan) is biosynthesized in brown seaweed. In this study, fucoidan was isolated from Padina arborescens (PAC) using celluclast-assisted extraction, purified, and evaluated for its anti-inflammatory potential in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Structural analyses were performed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy. Among the purified fucoidans, fucoidan fraction 5 (F5) exhibited strong inhibitory activity against LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) production and pro-inflammatory cytokine generation through the regulation of iNOS/COX-2, MAPK, and NF-κB signaling in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Determination of the structural characteristics indicated that purified F5 exhibited characteristics similar to those of commercial fucoidan. In addition, further analyses suggested that F5 inhibits LPS-induced toxicity, cell death, and NO generation in zebrafish models. Taken together, these findings imply that P. arborescens fucoidans have exceptional anti-inflammatory action, both in vitro and in vivo, and that they may have prospective uses in the functional food sector. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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Review

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29 pages, 6252 KiB  
Review
Red Seaweed (Rhodophyta) Phycocolloids: A Road from the Species to the Industry Application
by Madalena Mendes, João Cotas, Diana Pacheco, Kay Ihle, Alina Hillinger, Miguel Cascais, João Carlos Marques, Leonel Pereira and Ana M. M. Gonçalves
Mar. Drugs 2024, 22(10), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/md22100432 - 25 Sep 2024
Viewed by 4071
Abstract
Seaweed polysaccharides are versatile both in their functions in seaweed physiology and in their practical applications in society. However, their content and quality vary greatly. This review discusses the main factors that influence the yield and quality of polysaccharides, specifically carrageenans and agars [...] Read more.
Seaweed polysaccharides are versatile both in their functions in seaweed physiology and in their practical applications in society. However, their content and quality vary greatly. This review discusses the main factors that influence the yield and quality of polysaccharides, specifically carrageenans and agars (sulfated galactans) found in red algae species (Rhodophyta). In addition, its historical, current, and emerging applications are also discussed. Carrageenan has been influenced mainly by photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and nitrogen, while its relationship with temperature has not yet been replicated by recent studies. Agar’s seasonal trend has also been found to be more ambiguous than stated before, with light, temperature, nutrients, and pH being influencing factors. In this review, it is also shown that, depending on the compound type, seaweed polysaccharides are influenced by very different key factors, which can be crucial in seaweed aquaculture to promote a high yield and quality of polysaccharides. Additionally, factors like the extraction method and storage of polysaccharides also influence the yield and quality of these compounds. This review also highlights the drawbacks and inadequacy inherent from the conventional (or current) extraction technology approaches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides from Marine Environment)
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