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Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition)
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Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2025 | Viewed by 4519

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Jason Shian-Ching Jang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Institute of Materials Engineering and Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
Interests: lightweight high-entropy alloys; bulk metallic glass (BMG) and composite materials; thermoplastic forming of BMG foam
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Che-Wei Tsai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
2. High Entropy Materials Center, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
Interests: shape memory alloys; high-entropy alloys; wear and tribology; mechanical properties at room temperature and high temperatures; corrosion science of metals and composites; fatigue behavior of metals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

High-entropy alloys (HEAs) is an exciting and vibrant research field in materials science, and recently, the research on HEAs has been widespread across the globe. Numerous studies have shown that the high-entropy strategy has great potential for developing new materials with properties beyond those of conventional materials based on one principal element or component by exploring central regions of complex composition space. The topics of interest in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the preparation, properties, and applications of materials, encompassing experimental, theoretical, and computational research on phase diagrams, processing, microstructure characterization, and mechanical, physical, chemical, and functional properties of HEMs.

Prof. Dr. Jason Shian-Ching Jang
Prof. Dr. Che-Wei Tsai
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • high-entropy alloys (HEAs)
  • medium-entropy alloys (MEAs)
  • high-entropy alloy thin films and coatings
  • computational alloy design
  • phase diagram
  • microstructure characterization
  • mechanical properties
  • thermomechanical treatment
  • hetero-structural microstructure
  • functional application

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 5641 KiB  
Article
Thermal Softening Measurements of Refractory High-Entropy Alloys
by Ottó K. Temesi, Albert Karacs, Nguyen Q. Chinh and Lajos K. Varga
Materials 2024, 17(23), 5718; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17235718 - 22 Nov 2024
Abstract
Home-built equipment will be presented able to measure the thermal expansion (with a flat indenter) and indentation depth (with a pointed indenter) up to 1100 °C. In dilatometer mode, the allotropic phase transformations can be studied. For hardness, a Rockwell-type measurement is adopted. [...] Read more.
Home-built equipment will be presented able to measure the thermal expansion (with a flat indenter) and indentation depth (with a pointed indenter) up to 1100 °C. In dilatometer mode, the allotropic phase transformations can be studied. For hardness, a Rockwell-type measurement is adopted. First, we apply a small load and measure the displacement consisting of a dominant positive thermal expansion and a small negative indentation depth contribution. Then, we repeat the thermal cycle with such a high load that the compensation appears at around 250–300 °C. With increasing temperature, the indentation depth starts to dominate and we can notice a contraction. The indentation depth as a function of temperature, ID(T), will be obtained by subtracting the high load curve from the low load curve. A new rational fraction expression will be tested to describe the thermal softening of pure metals and refractory HEAs. Still, we are working on improving the equipment to extend the working temperature up to 1200 °C. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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14 pages, 3720 KiB  
Article
Study on the Properties of TiC Coating Deposited by Spark Discharge on the Surface of AlFeCoCrNiCu High-Entropy Alloy
by Ying Wang, Cheng Nie, Shengding Wang, Pan Gong, Mao Zhang, Zhigang Hu and Bin Li
Materials 2024, 17(16), 4110; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17164110 - 20 Aug 2024
Viewed by 896
Abstract
Titanium carbide (TiC) coatings were prepared on the surface of AlFeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy blocks using electro-spark deposition (ESD). The microhardness and corrosion resistance of the TiC coatings prepared under different voltage and capacitance process parameters were studied. The research shows that the maximum [...] Read more.
Titanium carbide (TiC) coatings were prepared on the surface of AlFeCoCrNiCu high-entropy alloy blocks using electro-spark deposition (ESD). The microhardness and corrosion resistance of the TiC coatings prepared under different voltage and capacitance process parameters were studied. The research shows that the maximum microhardness of the TiC coating on sample 4 (working voltage of 20 V, working capacitance of 1000 μF) is 844.98 HV, which is 81.5% higher than the microhardness of the substrate. This is because the deposition energy increases with the increase in voltage, and the adhesion and aggregation between the coating and the substrate are enhanced, increasing the hardness of the coating. It is worth noting that excessive deposition energy can increase surface defects and reduce the microhardness of the coating surface. Electrochemical testing analysis shows that the corrosion current density of the TiC coating is the lowest (9.475 × 10−7 ± 0.06 × 10−7), and the coating impedance is the highest (2.502 × 103 Ω·com2). The absolute phase angle value is the highest (about 72°). The above indicates that the TiC coating prepared with a working voltage of 20 V and a working capacitance of 1000 μF has better microhardness and corrosion resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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18 pages, 15103 KiB  
Article
Uncovering Nanoindention Behavior of Amorphous/Crystalline High-Entropy-Alloy Composites
by Yuan Chen, Siwei Ren, Xiubo Liu, Jing Peng and Peter K. Liaw
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3689; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153689 - 25 Jul 2024
Viewed by 675
Abstract
Amorphous/crystalline high-entropy-alloy (HEA) composites show great promise as structural materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the dynamic nanoindentation response of HEA composites at the atomic scale. Here, the mechanical behavior of amorphous/crystalline HEA [...] Read more.
Amorphous/crystalline high-entropy-alloy (HEA) composites show great promise as structural materials due to their exceptional mechanical properties. However, there is still a lack of understanding of the dynamic nanoindentation response of HEA composites at the atomic scale. Here, the mechanical behavior of amorphous/crystalline HEA composites under nanoindentation is investigated through a large-scale molecular dynamics simulation and a dislocation-based strength model, in terms of the indentation force, microstructural evolution, stress distribution, shear strain distribution, and surface topography. The results show that the uneven distribution of elements within the crystal leads to a strong heterogeneity of the surface tension during elastic deformation. The severe mismatch of the amorphous/crystalline interface combined with the rapid accumulation of elastic deformation energy causes a significant number of dislocation-based plastic deformation behaviors. The presence of surrounding dislocations inhibits the free slip of dislocations below the indenter, while the amorphous layer prevents the movement or disappearance of dislocations towards the substrate. A thin amorphous layer leads to great indentation force, and causes inconsistent stacking and movement patterns of surface atoms, resulting in local bulges and depressions at the macroscopic level. The increasing thickness of the amorphous layer hinders the extension of shear bands towards the lower part of the substrate. These findings shed light on the mechanical properties of amorphous/crystalline HEA composites and offer insights for the design of high-performance materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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11 pages, 5295 KiB  
Article
Enhancing the Strength and Ductility Synergy of Lightweight Ti-Rich Medium-Entropy Alloys through Ni Microalloying
by Po-Sung Chen, Jun-Rong Liu, Pei-Hua Tsai, Yu-Chin Liao, Jason Shian-Ching Jang, Hsin-Jay Wu, Shou-Yi Chang, Chih-Yen Chen and I-Yu Tsao
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2900; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122900 - 13 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 681
Abstract
Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted considerable attention in recent decades due to their exceptional material properties and design flexibility. In this study, lightweight and non-equiatomic MEAs with low density (~5 g/cm3), high strength (yield strength: 1200 MPa), and high ductility (plastic [...] Read more.
Medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) have attracted considerable attention in recent decades due to their exceptional material properties and design flexibility. In this study, lightweight and non-equiatomic MEAs with low density (~5 g/cm3), high strength (yield strength: 1200 MPa), and high ductility (plastic deformation: ≧10%) were explored. We fine-tuned a previously developed Ti-rich MEA by microalloying it with small amounts of Ni (reducing the atomic radius and increasing the elastic modulus) through solid solution strengthening to achieve a series of MEAs with enhanced mechanical properties. Among the prepared MEAs, Ti65Ni1 and Ti65Ni3 exhibited optimal properties in terms of the balance between strength and ductility. Furthermore, the Ti65Ni3 MEA was subjected to thermo-mechanical treatment (TMT) followed by cold rolling 70% (CR70) and cold rolling 85% (CR85). Subsequently, the processed samples were rapidly annealed at 743 °C, 770 °C, 817 °C, and 889 °C at a heating rate of 15 °C/s. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed that the MEA could retain its single-body-centered cubic solid solution structure after TMT. Additionally, the tensile testing results revealed that increasing the annealing temperature led to a decrease in yield strength and an increase in ductility. Notably, the Ti65Ni3 MEA sample that was subjected to CR70 and CR85 processing and annealed for 30 s exhibited high yield strength (>1250 MPa) and ductility (>13%). In particular, the Ti65Ni3 MEA subjected to CR85 exhibited a specific yield strength of 264 MPa·cm3/g, specific tensile strength of 300 MPa·cm3/g, and ductility of >13%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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16 pages, 5073 KiB  
Article
New-Generation Materials for Hydrogen Storage in Medium-Entropy Alloys
by Dagmara Varcholová, Katarína Kušnírová, Lenka Oroszová, Jens Möllmer, Marcus Lange, Katarína Gáborová, Branislav Buľko, Peter Demeter and Karel Saksl
Materials 2024, 17(12), 2897; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17122897 - 13 Jun 2024
Viewed by 847
Abstract
This study presents the design, preparation, and characterization of thirty new medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) in three systems: Al-Ti-Nb-Zr, Al-Ti-Nb-V, and Al-Ti-Nb-Hf. The hardness of the alloys ranged from 320 to 800 HV0.3. Among the alloys studied, Al15Ti40Nb [...] Read more.
This study presents the design, preparation, and characterization of thirty new medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) in three systems: Al-Ti-Nb-Zr, Al-Ti-Nb-V, and Al-Ti-Nb-Hf. The hardness of the alloys ranged from 320 to 800 HV0.3. Among the alloys studied, Al15Ti40Nb30Zr15 exhibited the highest-reversible hydrogen storage capacity (1.03 wt.%), with an H/M value of 0.68, comparable to LaNi5, but with a reduced density (5.11 g·cm−3) and without rare earth elements. This study further reveals a strong correlation between hardness and hydrogen absorption/desorption; higher hardness is responsible for reduced hydrogen uptake. This finding highlights the interplay between a material’s properties and hydrogen storage behavior in MEAs, and has implications for the development of efficient hydrogen storage materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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9 pages, 411 KiB  
Article
Solubility of Hydrogen in a WMoTaNbV High-Entropy Alloy
by Anna Liski, Tomi Vuoriheimo, Jesper Byggmästar, Kenichiro Mizohata, Kalle Heinola, Tommy Ahlgren, Ko-Kai Tseng, Ting-En Shen, Che-Wei Tsai, Jien-Wei Yeh, Kai Nordlund, Flyura Djurabekova and Filip Tuomisto
Materials 2024, 17(11), 2574; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17112574 - 27 May 2024
Viewed by 836
Abstract
The WMoTaNbV alloy has shown promise for applications as a solid state hydrogen storage material. It absorbs significant quantities of H directly from the atmosphere, trapping it with high energy. In this work, the dynamics of the absorption of hydrogen isotopes are studied [...] Read more.
The WMoTaNbV alloy has shown promise for applications as a solid state hydrogen storage material. It absorbs significant quantities of H directly from the atmosphere, trapping it with high energy. In this work, the dynamics of the absorption of hydrogen isotopes are studied by determining the activation energy for the solubility and the solution enthalpy of H in the WMoTaNbV alloy. The activation energy was studied by heating samples in a H atmosphere at temperatures ranging from 20 °C to 400 °C and comparing the amounts of absorbed H. The solution activation energy EA of H was determined to be EA=0.22±0.02 eV (21.2 ± 1.9 kJ/mol). The performed density functional theory calculations revealed that the neighbouring host atoms strongly influenced the solution enthalpy, leading to a range of theoretical values from −0.40 eV to 0.29 eV (−38.6 kJ/mol to 28.0 kJ/mol). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Future Trends in High-Entropy Alloys (2nd Edition))
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