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Laser Processing of Metals and Alloys: Structures, Properties, and Applications

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 January 2025) | Viewed by 3965

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
LaserOn Research Group, CINTECX, School of Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: laser materials processing; additive manufacturing; metallic biomaterials; metallic glasses; microstructure; mechanical properties; biocompatibility; corrosion
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LaserOn Research Group, CINTECX, School of Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: laser materials processing; additive manufacturing; laser additive manufacturing; metallic biomaterials; laser cladding; directed energy deposition; microstructure; mechanical properties; biocompatibility
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LaserOn Research Group, CINTECX, School of Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: laser materials processing; metals and alloys; welding of metallic materials; laser welding; welding of dissimilar materials; microstructure; intermetallics; mechanical properties

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
LaserOn Research Group, CINTECX, School of Engineering, Universidade de Vigo (UVIGO), Lagoas Marcosende, 36310 Vigo, Spain
Interests: laser materials processing; laser texturing; surface engineering; biomedical engineering; surface topography; surface wettability; corrosion

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In the realm of materials science and engineering, the profound influence of laser processing on metals and alloys marks a frontier where precision meets innovation. Laser processing stands out as a transformative technology, directing the course of material properties and applications through meticulous control of interactions at the micro- and nanoscales.

This Special Issue is a call to the scientific community to contribute with novel insights into the "Laser Processing of Metals and Alloys: Structures, Properties, and Applications." Metals and alloys, owing to their fundamental roles in various industries, undergo a paradigm shift when subjected to laser-induced modifications. The mechanical strength, thermal conductivity, and corrosion resistance of these materials are intricately shaped by laser processing techniques, paving the way for unprecedented possibilities.

We welcome contributions that delve into the intricate relationships between laser processing methods and the resulting macro- and microstructure, as well as the consequential properties crucial for diverse applications. From the classic metals such as steel and aluminum to the avant-garde high-entropy alloys and other emerging metallic materials, we seek to explore the broad spectrum of laser-processed metals and alloys.

Of particular interest are works that shed light on advanced manufacturing processes, additive manufacturing techniques, and surface modification methods, each playing a pivotal role in shaping the landscape of laser-processed materials. We encourage submissions that bridge the gap between theory and application, unraveling the mechanisms that govern the structural evolution and property enhancements resulting from laser processing.

Dr. Felipe Arias-González
Dr. Óscar Barro
Dr. Daniel Wallerstein
Dr. Pablo Pou Álvarez
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • laser additive manufacturing
  • laser surface engineering
  • laser welding
  • laser microprocessing
  • laser ablation
  • metals and alloys
  • microstructure
  • mechanical properties
  • corrosion resistance
  • industrial applications

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 8875 KiB  
Article
The Customized Heat Treatment for Enhancing the High-Temperature Durability of Laser-Directed Energy Deposition-Repaired Single-Crystal Superalloys
by Yimo Guo, Nannan Lu, Pengfei Yang, Jingjing Liang, Guangrui Zhang, Chuanyong Cui, Ting-An Zhang, Yizhou Zhou, Xiaofeng Sun and Jinguo Li
Materials 2024, 17(22), 5665; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17225665 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 620
Abstract
The high-temperature durability performance plays a crucial role in the applications of single-crystal (SX) superalloys repaired by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). A specialized heat treatment process for L-DED-repaired SX superalloys was developed in this study. The effect of the newly customized heat treatment [...] Read more.
The high-temperature durability performance plays a crucial role in the applications of single-crystal (SX) superalloys repaired by laser-directed energy deposition (L-DED). A specialized heat treatment process for L-DED-repaired SX superalloys was developed in this study. The effect of the newly customized heat treatment on the microstructure and high-temperature mechanical properties of DD32 SX superalloy repaired by L-DED was investigated. Results indicate that the repaired area of the newly customized heat treatment specimen still maintained a SX structure, the average size of the γ′ phase was 236 nm, and the volume fraction was 69%. Obviously recrystallized grains were formed in the repair area of the standard heat treatment specimens, and carbide precipitated along the grain boundary. The size of the γ′ phase was about 535 nm. The high-temperature durable life of the newly custom heat treatment specimen was about 19.09 h at 1000 °C/280 MPa, the fracture mode was microporous aggregation fracture, and the fracture location was in the repair area. The durable life of the standard heat treatment specimen was about 8.70 h, the fracture mode was cleavage fracture, and the fracture location was in the matrix area. The crack source of both specimens was interdendrite carbide. Full article
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14 pages, 16273 KiB  
Article
Study on Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Ni60/WC Coating by Laser Cladding on Reciprocating Pump Plunger: Comparison with Flame-Sprayed Plungers
by Xiaogang Wang, Jingjing Qi, Hao Zhang, Ning Zhao, Zhangbin Shao and Shuyao Wang
Materials 2024, 17(21), 5183; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215183 - 24 Oct 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 758
Abstract
Reciprocating pumps are widely used in the current oil extraction process, and the plunger is a vulnerable part of these pumps that directly determines the service life of the reciprocating pump. To improve the service life of plungers, Ni60/WC coatings were applied to [...] Read more.
Reciprocating pumps are widely used in the current oil extraction process, and the plunger is a vulnerable part of these pumps that directly determines the service life of the reciprocating pump. To improve the service life of plungers, Ni60/WC coatings were applied to the surface of 45-steel plungers via laser cladding technology to improve wear and corrosion resistance. Defect-free and dense Ni60/WC coatings were successfully applied to the plunger surface with strong metallurgical bonding between the coating and the substrate. The coating consists mainly of a γ-(Ni, Fe) phase, which contains isotropic and isotropic-like crystals, dendritic crystals, and columnar crystals in the top, middle, and bottom regions of the coating, respectively. The service performance of the laser cladding coating was compared to the flame-sprayed plunger, which is widely used, and the laser cladding coating has a microhardness of up to 821.8 HV0.5, which is higher than that of the flame-sprayed coating (545.5 HV0.5) and the 45-steel substrate (200 HV0.5). The laser cladding coating has a lower friction coefficient and a smaller volumetric wear rate, and the corrosion current density and corrosion rate in the NaCl solution are 2.52 × 10−7 A/cm2 and 2.96 × 10−3 mmPY, respectively, which indicates superior corrosion resistance to the flame-sprayed coating and the substrate. The laser cladding of reciprocating pump plunger surfaces has a significantly improved comprehensive performance and is a promising way to increase the service life of reciprocating pumps. Full article
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20 pages, 12921 KiB  
Article
Parameter Optimization for Laser Peen Forming on 6005A-T6 Aluminum Alloy Plates to Enhance the Constrained Deformation of Integral Stiffened Plates
by Gaoqiang Jiang, Jianzhong Zhou, Jian Wu, Shu Huang, Xiankai Meng and Yongxiang Hu
Materials 2024, 17(20), 5090; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17205090 - 18 Oct 2024
Viewed by 635
Abstract
Multiscale parameter optimization for laser peen forming (LPF) on 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy plates was conducted through a combination of simulation and experimentation. By obtaining the optimal parameter, this study aims to explore the constrained deformation and forming laws of the integral stiffened plates. [...] Read more.
Multiscale parameter optimization for laser peen forming (LPF) on 6005A-T6 aluminum alloy plates was conducted through a combination of simulation and experimentation. By obtaining the optimal parameter, this study aims to explore the constrained deformation and forming laws of the integral stiffened plates. Detailed descriptions were provided regarding the dynamic response process and transient behavior of aluminum alloy plates under ultrahigh strain rates, along with an in-depth analysis of the stress evolution. The results reveal that laser beam diameter and laser beam energy can achieve large range forming, while the number of tracks facilitates the precise deformation adjustment. During the 12-track LPF process, there is an overall upward trend in deformation values accompanied by a dynamic increase in the bend curvature. After static relaxation, the deformation value recovers to 55.2% of the final bending curvature. The chord direction scanning of stiffened plates exhibits a larger bending curvature, indicating its greater forming capacity for large-sized single unfolding direction formation; whereas, the unfolding direction scanning of stiffened plates excels in achieving efficient integrated two-way forming. Full article
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Review

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31 pages, 90185 KiB  
Review
Anisotropy of Additively Manufactured Metallic Materials
by Binghan Huangfu, Yujing Liu, Xiaochun Liu, Xiang Wu and Haowei Bai
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3653; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153653 - 24 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1343
Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that builds parts layer by layer. Over the past decade, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has developed rapidly to form a complete industry chain. AM metal parts are employed in a multitude of industries, including biomedical, aerospace, [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing (AM) is a technology that builds parts layer by layer. Over the past decade, metal additive manufacturing (AM) technology has developed rapidly to form a complete industry chain. AM metal parts are employed in a multitude of industries, including biomedical, aerospace, automotive, marine, and offshore. The design of components can be improved to a greater extent than is possible with existing manufacturing processes, which can result in a significant enhancement of performance. Studies on the anisotropy of additively manufactured metallic materials have been reported, and they describe the advantages and disadvantages of preparing different metallic materials using additive manufacturing processes; however, there are few in-depth and comprehensive studies that summarize the microstructural and mechanical properties of different types of additively manufactured metallic materials in the same article. This paper begins by outlining the intricate relationship between the additive manufacturing process, microstructure, and metal properties. It then explains the fundamental principles of powder bed fusion (PBF) and directed energy deposition (DED). It goes on to describe the molten pool and heat-affected zone in the additive manufacturing process and analyzes their effects on the microstructure of the formed parts. Subsequently, the mechanical properties and typical microstructures of additively manufactured titanium alloys, stainless steel, magnesium–aluminum alloys, and high-temperature alloys, along with their anisotropy, are summarized and presented. The summary indicates that the factors leading to the anisotropy of the mechanical properties of metallic AM parts are either their unique microstructural features or manufacturing defects. This anisotropy can be improved by post-heat treatment. Finally, the most recent research on the subject of metal AM anisotropy is presented. Full article
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