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Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites
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Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 June 2025 | Viewed by 3427

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Moreno

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Ceramics and Glass (ICV), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: ceramic processing; suspensions; shaping of ceramics; chemical synthesis; gelcasting; tape casting; electrophoretic deposition
Prof. Dr. Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Grupo de Biomateriais e Materiais Nanoestruturados, Laboratório de Cerâmica Técnica (CerTec), Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense (UNESC), Criciúma 88806-000, Brazil
Interests: ceramic materials; glassceramics; ceramic processing; waste valorization

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramic–matrix composites are ceramic-based materials reinforced with a secondary reinforcing phase that can be other ceramics, fibers, a carbonaceous material, polymer or metal, which create interphases providing non-brittle fracture. CMCs can combine properties of the components providing much better capabilities and performance than the corresponding single constituents. Consequently, they have applications in multiple domains, such as aerospace propulsion, aircraft and automobile components, high-temperature heat exchange, nuclear technology, and many others.

In this context, new solutions for sustainable growth of ceramic–matrix components which are more environmentally friendly are increasingly required. This Special Issue is devoted to all aspects involved in the processing, characterization and applications of ceramic–matrix composites, and therefore, papers encouraging novel aspects of the different steps of their manufacture, characterization, including microstructure, properties and applications are welcome. Contributors are required to submit original, high-quality papers on their current progress in fundamental and applied science aspects related to CMCs and, in particular, contributions focusing on the relationships between processing, microstructure and properties facing the final application and in-service behavior.

Prof. Dr. Rodrigo Moreno
Prof. Dr. Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ceramic–matrix composites
  • fibers
  • processing
  • ceramics
  • coatings
  • laminates
  • structural applications
  • thermal barrier coatings

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 2739 KiB  
Article
Processing and Characterisation of Alumina/Eucryptite Nanostructured Composites
by Jordana Mariot Inocente, Renata Bochanoski da Costa, Ana Sônia Mattos, Carmen Alcázar, Amparo Borrell, Rodrigo Moreno, Sabrina Arcaro and Oscar Rubem Klegues Montedo
Materials 2025, 18(3), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18030671 - 3 Feb 2025
Abstract
Alumina is one of the most studied and used ceramic materials, but increasing its fracture toughness is still a challenge for many specific impact applications. Adding a second phase with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to an alumina matrix can enhance [...] Read more.
Alumina is one of the most studied and used ceramic materials, but increasing its fracture toughness is still a challenge for many specific impact applications. Adding a second phase with a low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) to an alumina matrix can enhance the matrix’s mechanical properties, reduce its sintering temperature, and increase its toughness by generating compressive stresses on the alumina particle surface. In this study, nanostructured alumina/eucryptite composites were prepared to achieve enhanced toughness. First, eucryptite (Li₂O·Al₂O₃·2SiO₂) nanoparticles were successfully synthesised via colloidal heterocoagulation. These nanoparticles were then used to reinforce alumina matrices through slip casting followed by conventional sintering. Complete crystallisation of eucryptite was achieved at 850 °C with a CTE of 0.46 × 10 −⁶ °C −¹. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that the average particle size was 28.5 ± 14.5 nm. To achieve a relative density of 95.3%, the composite containing 5 vol.% eucryptite required sintering for 1 h at 1400 °C whereas pure alumina required 2 h at 1600 °C. This reduction in sintering temperature (by up to 200 °C) helped to improve the fracture toughness, with the alumina grain size decreasing from 2.3 to 0.9 µm. The advantages of the new composite are the more economically viable and environmentally friendly way of producing the lithium aluminosilicate nanoparticles, compared to the production of ceramic frits at high temperatures (~1500 °C). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
12 pages, 6943 KiB  
Article
Benefits of Microwave-Assisted Heat Treatment for Sintered Diopside Glass-Ceramics
by Alexander Karamanov, Elena Colombini, Dario Ferrante, Ivan Georgiev, Miryana Raykovska, Emilia Karamanova, Stela Atanasova, Paolo Veronesi and Cristina Leonelli
Materials 2025, 18(2), 421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020421 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 451
Abstract
Sinter-crystallization is a specific method of producing glass-ceramics that allows the manufacture of complexly shaped products, composites and solder. However, it usually is limited when the glass powders used are characterized by a high crystallization trend. This study proposes a new opportunity to [...] Read more.
Sinter-crystallization is a specific method of producing glass-ceramics that allows the manufacture of complexly shaped products, composites and solder. However, it usually is limited when the glass powders used are characterized by a high crystallization trend. This study proposes a new opportunity to improve the sinter-crystallization and demonstrates the benefits of microwave processing using diopside (CaMg(Si2O6)) glass-ceramics with an enhanced crystallinity of ~70%. The advantages of microwave processing are shown by comparing the results obtained with scanning electron microscopy, X-ray computed tomography and gas pycnometry for two glass-ceramic specimens. The first sample is obtained in the heat resistant furnace of an optical dilatometer, while the second is obtained by heating it with high-power microwave irradiation at 2.45 GHz, 1kW. Intense crystallization was observed in the sample sintered in an electric furnace, which blocked the sintering process and resulted in significant open porosity (7.1%). In addition, closed pores caused by the crystallization are observed in the centers of the sintered particles (5.2%). At the same time, the overall porosity of the microwave-sintered glass-ceramic is reduced by about two times, and the open porosity is practically eliminated (0.5%). In this sample, together with the crystallization-induced pores, some residual closed spherical pores, typical for a well-sintered sample, are also observed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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17 pages, 7619 KiB  
Article
The Impact of an MDP-Containing Primer on the Properties of Zinc Oxide Networks Infiltrated with BisGMA-TEGDMA and UDMA-TEGDMA Polymers
by Benjamin Wellhäußer, Lena Marie Saure, Fabian Schütt, Franziska Scherer, Sebastian Wille and Matthias Kern
Materials 2025, 18(1), 137; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18010137 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 507
Abstract
This study was conducted to evaluate the material properties of polymer-infiltrated zinc oxide networks (PICN) and the effect of using a phosphate monomer-containing primer applied before polymer infiltration. A total of 148 ZnO-network (zinc oxide) specimens were produced: n = 74 were treated [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to evaluate the material properties of polymer-infiltrated zinc oxide networks (PICN) and the effect of using a phosphate monomer-containing primer applied before polymer infiltration. A total of 148 ZnO-network (zinc oxide) specimens were produced: n = 74 were treated with a primer before polymer infiltration and light curing, while the remaining specimens were untreated. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n = 37) based on the infiltrating polymer: UDMA (aliphatic urethane-dimethacrylates)-TEGDMA (triethylene glycol-dimethacrylate) or BisGMA (bisphenol A-glycidyl-methacrylate)-TEGDMA. Additionally, n = 7 specimens of each polymer type were prepared for comparison. Then, biaxial flexural strength was measured before and after 150 days of water storage at 37 °C, including 37,500 thermal cycles (5 °C to 55 °C). The Vickers hardness, surface roughness, and water absorption at 37 °C were also tested. The initial biaxial flexural strength was reduced in the ZnO network specimens compared to in the pure polymers. Primer application improved the flexural strength, though the strength of BisGMA-TEGDMA significantly decreased after water storage. The ZnO network increased hardness, and the polymer-infiltrated networks showed higher roughness post-grinding and absorbed less water than the pure polymer groups. The ZnO networks did not improve the flexural strength over that of the pure polymers. However, the primer’s positive impact and the network’s long-term stability suggest potential if the network structure can be modified to contain thicker, more stable branches. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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12 pages, 4520 KiB  
Article
Magnetic CuFe2O4 Spinel–Polypyrrole Pseudocapacitive Composites for Energy Storage
by Mahmoud Awad and Igor Zhitomirsky
Materials 2024, 17(21), 5249; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17215249 - 28 Oct 2024
Viewed by 767
Abstract
This investigation focused on the fabrication of ceramic ferrimagnetic CuFe2O4–conductive polypyrrole (PPy) composites for energy storage. CuFe2O4 with a crystal size of 20–30 nm and saturation magnetization of 31.4 emu g−1 was prepared by hydrothermal [...] Read more.
This investigation focused on the fabrication of ceramic ferrimagnetic CuFe2O4–conductive polypyrrole (PPy) composites for energy storage. CuFe2O4 with a crystal size of 20–30 nm and saturation magnetization of 31.4 emu g−1 was prepared by hydrothermal synthesis, and PPy was prepared by chemical polymerization. High-active-mass composite electrodes were fabricated for energy storage in supercapacitors for operation in a sodium sulfate electrolyte. The addition of PPy to CuFe2O4 resulted in a decrease in charge transfer resistance and an increase in capacitance in the range from 1.20 F cm−2 (31 F g−1) to 4.52 F cm−2 (117.4 F g−1) at a 1 mV s−1 sweep rate and from 1.17 F cm−2 (29.9 F g−1) to 4.60 F cm−2 (120.1 F g−1) at a 3 mA cm−2 current density. The composites showed higher capacitance than other magnetic ceramic composites of the same mass containing PPy in the same potential range and exhibited improved cyclic stability. The magnetic behavior of the composites was influenced by the magnetic properties of ferrimagnetic CuFe2O4 and paramagnetic PPy. The composites showed a valuable combination of capacitive and magnetic properties and enriched materials science of magnetic supercapacitors for novel applications based on magnetoelectric and magnetocapacitive properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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14 pages, 5108 KiB  
Article
Friction and Wear Behavior of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Yttria-Stabilized ZrO2 Nanocomposites Prepared by Spark Plasma Sintering
by Anne Kasperski, Dalya Alkattan, Viviane Turq, Claude Estournès, Christophe Laurent and Alicia Weibel
Materials 2024, 17(15), 3824; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17153824 - 2 Aug 2024
Viewed by 766
Abstract
Double-walled carbon nanotube-yttria-stabilized ZrO2 nanocomposites are prepared by a mixing route followed by Spark Plasma Sintering. The double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been previously subjected to a covalent functionalization. The nanocomposites present a high densification and show a homogenous dispersion of DWCNTs [...] Read more.
Double-walled carbon nanotube-yttria-stabilized ZrO2 nanocomposites are prepared by a mixing route followed by Spark Plasma Sintering. The double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWCNTs) have been previously subjected to a covalent functionalization. The nanocomposites present a high densification and show a homogenous dispersion of DWCNTs into a matrix about 100 nm in size. The DWCNTs are well distributed at the matrix grain boundaries but form larger bundles upon the increase in carbon content. The Vickers microhardness of the nanocomposites decreases regularly upon the increase in carbon content. Incorporation of carbon at contents higher than 2 wt.% results in significantly lower friction coefficients, both against alumina and steel balls, possibly because of the elastic deformation of the DWCNTs at the surface of the sample. Their presence also favors a reduction of the steel/ceramic contacts and reduces the wear of the steel ball at high loads. DWCNTs improve wear resistance and reduce friction without incurring any severe damage, contrary to multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Processing, Characterization and Applications of Ceramic Matrix Composites)
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