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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Advanced and Functional Ceramics and Glasses".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 20198

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Dr. Frédéric Velard

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Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, EA 4691 BIOS, 51 Rue Cognacq Jay, 51100 Reims, France
Interests: bone; ceramics; inflammation; in vitro; in vivo
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The field of bioceramics is constantly growing. The main applications of bioceramics address the topics of drug delivery and tissue regeneration, especially for hard tissues such as teeth and bones. Thanks to new engineering approaches, the reconstruction of human tissues is becoming a reality. Yet, many fundamental problems remain to be solved for hard tissues such as bone. One of them is the requirement of adequate scaffold able to support, promote, and stimulate tissue ingrowth. New synthesis routes and functionalization, as well as original manufacturing processes, may help to overcome these limitations. Many avenues have to be explored to develop new bioceramics with properties intended to favor biological tissue regeneration. More new materials may lead to original applications for bioceramics. Therefore, this Special Issue of Materials will collect original, high-quality research papers covering the most recent advances and comprehensive reviews addressing state-of-the-art topics in the field of bioceramics materials, their properties, and their application systems for current and futuristic biomedical applications.

Dr. Frédéric Velard
Guest Editor

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Keywords

Bioceramics
Synthesis
Doping elements
Manufacturing
Characterization
Biological activity
3D scaffolds
Biocompatibility
Inflammation
Infection
Regenerative properties

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1835 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Tranexamic Acid on Elution Characteristics and Compressive Strength of Antibiotic-Loaded PMMA-Bone Cement with Gentamicin

by Martin Lüdemann, Axel Jakuscheit, Andrea Ewald, Leena Frühmann, Stefanie Hölscher-Doht, Maximilian Rudert and Sebastian Philipp von Hertzberg-Boelch

Materials 2021, 14(19), 5639; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14195639 - 28 Sep 2021

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1671

Abstract

Purpose: The topical application of tranexamic acid (TXA) into the joint space during total joint arthroplasty (TJA) with no increase of complications, has been widely reported. We investigated the influence of TXA on antibiotic release, activity of the released antibiotic against a clinical isolate of S. aureus, and compressive strength of a widely used commercially prepared gentamicin-loaded cement brand (PALACOS R + G). Method: 12 bone cement cylinders (diameter and height = 6 and 12 mm, respectively) were molded. After curing in air for at least 1 h, six of the cylinders were completely immersed in 5 mL of fetal calf serum (FCS) and the other six were completely immersed in a solution consisting of 4.9 mL of FCS and 0.1 mL (10 mg) of TXA. Gentamicin elution tests were performed over 7 d. Four hundred µL of the gentamicin eluate were taken every 24 h for the first 7 d without renewing the immersion fluid. The gentamicin concentration was determined in a clinical analyzer using a homogeny enzyme immuno-assay. The antimicrobial activity of the eluate, obtained after day 7, was tested. An agar diffusion test regime was used with Staphylococcus aureus. Bacteria were grown in a LB medium and plated on LB agar plates to get a bacterial lawn. Fifty µL of each eluate were pipetted on 12-mm diameter filter discs, which were placed in the middle of the agar gel. After 24 h of cultivation at 37 °C, the zone of inhibition (ZOI) for each specimen was measured. The compressive strength of the cements was determined per ISO 5833. Results: At each time point in the gentamicin release test, the difference in gentamicin concentration, obtained from specimens immersed in the FCS solution only and those immersed in the FCS + TXA solution was not significant (p = 0.055–0.522). The same trend was seen in each of the following parameters, after 7 d of immersion: (1) Cumulative gentamicin concentration (p < 0.297); (2) gentamicin activity against S. aureus (strongly visible); (3) ZOI size (mostly > 20 mm) (p = 0.631); and (4) compressive strength (p = 0.262). Conclusions: For the PALACOS R + G specimens, the addition of TXA to FCS does not produce significant decreases in gentamicin concentration, in the activity of the gentamicin eluate against a clinical isolate of S. aureus, the zone of inhibition of S. aureus, and in the compressive strength of the cement, after 7 d of immersion in the test solution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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21 pages, 4153 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Amorphous–Crystalline Calcium Phosphate Coating Promotes In Vitro Growth of Tumor-Derived Jurkat T Cells Activated by Anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 Antibodies

by Yurii P. Sharkeev, Ekaterina G. Komarova, Valentina V. Chebodaeva, Mariya B. Sedelnikova, Aleksandr M. Zakharenko, Kirill S. Golokhvast, Larisa S. Litvinova, Olga G. Khaziakhmatova, Vladimir V. Malashchenko, Kristina A. Yurova, Natalia D. Gazatova, Ivan G. Kozlov, Marina Y. Khlusova, Konstantin V. Zaitsev and Igor A. Khlusov

Materials 2021, 14(13), 3693; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14133693 - 1 Jul 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2718

Abstract

A modern trend in traumatology, orthopedics, and implantology is the development of materials and coatings with an amorphous–crystalline structure that exhibits excellent biocopatibility. The structure and physico–chemical and biological properties of calcium phosphate (CaP) coatings deposited on Ti plates using the micro-arc oxidation (MAO) method under different voltages (200, 250, and 300 V) were studied. Amorphous, nanocrystalline, and microcrystalline statesof CaHPO₄ and β-Ca₂P₂O₇ were observed in the coatings using TEM and XRD. The increase in MAO voltage resulted in augmentation of the surface roughness R_a from 2.5 to 6.5 µm, mass from 10 to 25 mg, thickness from 50 to 105 µm, and Ca/P ratio from 0.3 to 0.6. The electrical potential (EP) of the CaP coatings changed from −456 to −535 mV, while the zeta potential (ZP) decreased from −53 to −40 mV following an increase in the values of the MAO voltage. Numerous correlations of physical and chemical indices of CaP coatings were estimated. A decrease in the ZP magnitudes of CaP coatings deposited at 200–250 V was strongly associated with elevated hTERT expression in tumor-derived Jurkat T cells preliminarily activated with anti-CD2/CD3/CD28 antibodies and then contacted in vitro with CaP-coated samples for 14 days. In turn, in vitro survival of CD4⁺ subsets was enhanced, with proinflammatory cytokine secretion of activated Jurkat T cells. Thus, the applied MAO voltage allowed the regulation of the physicochemical properties of amorphous–crystalline CaP-coatings on Ti substrates to a certain extent. This method may be used as a technological mechanism to trigger the behavior of cells through contact with micro-arc CaP coatings. The possible role of negative ZP and Ca²⁺ as effectors of the biological effects of amorphous–crystalline CaP coatings is discussed. Micro-arc CaP coatings should be carefully tested to determine their suitability for use in patients with chronic lymphoid malignancies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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19 pages, 1803 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Copper-Doped Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Powders: Dopant Release, Cytotoxicity and Antibacterial Properties

by Aurélie Jacobs, Guillaume Renaudin, Nicolas Charbonnel, Jean-Marie Nedelec, Christiane Forestier and Stéphane Descamps

Materials 2021, 14(9), 2393; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092393 - 4 May 2021

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3048

Abstract

Cytotoxicity and antibacterial properties associated with the dopant release of Cu-doped Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) powders, mainly composed of hydroxyapatite mixed with β-tricalcium phosphate powders, were investigated. Twelve BCP ceramics were synthesized at three different sintering temperatures (600 °C, 900 °C and 1200 °C) and four copper doping rates (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.20, corresponding to the stoichiometric amount of copper in Ca₁₀Cu_x(PO₄)₆(OH)_2-2xO_2x). Cytotoxicity assessments of Cu-doped BCP powders, using MTT assay with human-Mesenchymal Stem Cells (h-MSCs), indicated no cytotoxicity and the release of less than 12 ppm of copper into the biological medium. The antibacterial activity of the powders was determined against both Gram-positive (methicillin-sensitive (MS) and methicillin resistant (MR) Staphylococcus aureus) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria. The Cu-doped biomaterials exhibited a strong antibacterial activity against MSSA, MRSA and E. coli, releasing approximatively 2.5 ppm after 24 h, whereas 10 ppm were required to induce an antibacterial effect against P. aeruginosa. This study also demonstrated that the culture medium used during experiments can directly impact the antibacterial effect observed; only 4 ppm of Cu²⁺ were effective for killing all the bacteria in a 1:500 diluted TS medium, whereas 20 ppm were necessary to achieve the same result in a rich, non-diluted standard marrow cell culture medium. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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14 pages, 8044 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Early Short-Term Postoperative Mechanical Failures of Current Ceramic-on-Ceramic Bearing Total Hip Arthroplasties

by Mariano Fernández-Fairén, Ana Torres-Perez, Roman Perez, Miquel Punset, Meritxell Molmeneu, Monica Ortiz-Hernández, José María Manero and Javier Gil

Materials 2020, 13(23), 5318; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13235318 - 24 Nov 2020

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2786

Abstract

Although ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings have been shown to produce the smallest amount of wear volume in vitro as well as in vivo studies when used for total hip arthroplasties (THA), concerns about the failure of these bearing surfaces persist due to early failures observed after short postoperative time. In this study, an exhaustive analysis of the early failure occurred on the new generation of ceramic bearings, consisting of a composite alumina matrix-based material reinforced with yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia (Y-TZP) particles, chromium dioxide, and strontium crystals, was performed. For this study, 118 CoC bearings from 117 patients were revised. This article describes a group of mechanical failure CoC-bearing BIOLOX THA hip prosthesis patients without trauma history. The retrieved samples were observed under scanning electron microscopy (SEM), composition was analyzed with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and damaged surfaces were analyzed by grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction (GI-XRD) and white light interferometry. In the short term, CoC articulations provided similar mechanical behavior and functional outcome to those in XLPE cases. However, 5% more early mechanical failures cases were observed for the ceramic components. Although the fracture rate of third generation CoC couples is low, the present study shows the need to further improve the third generation of CoC-bearing couples for THA. Despite the improved wear compared to other materials, stress concentrators are sources of initial crack propagation, such as those found in the bore-trunnion areas. Moreover, in view of the evidence observed in this study, the chipping observed was due to the presence of monoclinic phase of the Y-TZP instead of tetragonal, which presents better mechanical properties. The results showed that total safety after receiving a THA is still a goal to be pursued. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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13 pages, 5125 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fabrication, Mechanical Properties and In-Vitro Behavior of Akermanite Bioceramic

by Fariborz Tavangarian, Caleb A. Zolko, Sorour Sadeghzade, Marwan Fayed and Keivan Davami

Materials 2020, 13(21), 4887; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214887 - 30 Oct 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2407

Abstract

Pure nanocrystalline akermanite (Ca₂MgSi₂O₇) powder was synthesized by mechanical activation with subsequent annealing of talc, calcium carbonate, and silicate powders as the initial materials. Powder samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometry (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The results showed that pure nanocrystalline akermanite with a crystalline size of 35 nm was synthesized after ball milling the initial powders for 20 h with subsequent annealing at 900 °C for 1 h. Mechanical properties of bulk akermanite samples were studied as well. The results showed that the produced akermanite tablets sintered at 1200 °C for 5 h had a Young’s modulus of 3800 MPa, an ultimate compressive strength of 24.7 MPa, and a density of 2.489 g/cm³. The in-vitro behavior of the produced akermanite was evaluated by soaking the samples in an SBF solution. The results showed that the produced akermanite had the apatite formation ability on its surface and can be a good candidate for bone tissue engineering applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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Review

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26 pages, 30804 KiB

Open AccessReview

Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles and Mesoporous Bioactive Glasses for Wound Management: From Skin Regeneration to Cancer Therapy

by Sara Hooshmand, Sahar Mollazadeh, Negar Akrami, Mehrnoosh Ghanad, Ahmed El-Fiqi, Francesco Baino, Simin Nazarnezhad and Saeid Kargozar

Materials 2021, 14(12), 3337; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14123337 - 17 Jun 2021

Cited by 40 | Viewed by 5977

Abstract

Exploring new therapies for managing skin wounds is under progress and, in this regard, mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) and mesoporous bioactive glasses (MBGs) offer great opportunities in treating acute, chronic, and malignant wounds. In general, therapeutic effectiveness of both MSNs and MBGs in different formulations (fine powder, fibers, composites etc.) has been proved over all the four stages of normal wound healing including hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. The main merits of these porous substances can be summarized as their excellent biocompatibility and the ability of loading and delivering a wide range of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic bioactive molecules and chemicals. In addition, doping with inorganic elements (e.g., Cu, Ga, and Ta) into MSNs and MBGs structure is a feasible and practical approach to prepare customized materials for improved skin regeneration. Nowadays, MSNs and MBGs could be utilized in the concept of targeted therapy of skin malignancies (e.g., melanoma) by grafting of specific ligands. Since potential effects of various parameters including the chemical composition, particle size/morphology, textural properties, and surface chemistry should be comprehensively determined via cellular in vitro and in vivo assays, it seems still too early to draw a conclusion on ultimate efficacy of MSNs and MBGs in skin regeneration. In this regard, there are some concerns over the final fate of MSNs and MBGs in the wound site plus optimal dosages for achieving the best outcomes that deserve careful investigation in the future. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioceramics: Materials, Properties and Applications)

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