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Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II)
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Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2025 | Viewed by 9245

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fernando Ventura Antunes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE), Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-788 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: fatigue crack growth; crack tip parameters; crack tip mechanisms; numerical simulation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Francisco A. Díaz

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical and Mining Engineering, Campus Las Lagunillas, University of Jaen, 23071 Jaén, Spain
Interests: fatigue crack growth; experimental stress analysis; crack tip mechanisms

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Design against fatigue is fundamental in components submitted to cyclic loads. The damage tolerance approach assumes the presence of small cracks and the propagation life is used to define inspection intervals. The ability to accurately predict fatigue crack growth rates is therefore fundamental. Despite the significant research developed in the last several decades, further work is needed to understand the fundamental mechanisms and to accurately model fatigue crack growth. The coexistence of ductile and brittle mechanisms, and crack tip shielding are not totally understood. The appearance of new metallic alloys, the development of new technologies such as additive manufacturing introduces challenging complexities. On the other hand, the development of numerical and experimental tools (e.g., digital image correlation or thermoelastic stress analysis) gives opportunity for a better understanding of the phenomenon.

We invite researchers to submit papers focused on the study of fatigue crack growth in metallic materials. The study of fundamental mechanisms (cyclic plastic deformation, coalescence of microvoids, environmental damage, other brittle mechanisms, etc.) and crack driving parameters, the development of new models and equipment, and the application to real components and structures are welcome. Both original and review papers are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Fernando Ventura Antunes
Prof. Dr. Francisco A. Díaz
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • fatigue crack growth
  • fatigue mechanisms
  • crack tip parameters
  • digital image correlation
  • metallic materials
  • aluminum alloys
  • additive manufacturing

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 1895 KiB  
Article
Numerical Fatigue Crack Growth on Compact Tension Specimens under Mode I and Mixed-Mode (I+II) Loading
by Rui F. Martins, José Xavier and João Caldeira
Materials 2024, 17(18), 4570; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17184570 - 18 Sep 2024
Viewed by 754
Abstract
This study focused on standard Compact Tension (CT) specimens and two loading modes during the numerical analyses carried out, namely: pure mode I and mixed-mode loading (Modes I+II). Numerical stress intensity factors, KI, were calculated using Abaqus® 2022 and compared [...] Read more.
This study focused on standard Compact Tension (CT) specimens and two loading modes during the numerical analyses carried out, namely: pure mode I and mixed-mode loading (Modes I+II). Numerical stress intensity factors, KI, were calculated using Abaqus® 2022 and compared with those given analytically under pure mode I loading, showing very good agreement. Additionally, KI, KII, and KIII results obtained from Abaqus® were presented for mixed-mode loading, analyzing crack growth and variation through the thickness of the CT specimen. Moreover, fatigue crack growth simulations under mode I loading were conducted on standard CT specimens using the Extended Finite Element Method (XFEM) and the Paris Law parameters of an AISI 316L stainless steel. It was shown that XFEM effectively determines crack propagation direction and growth, provided that an appropriate mesh is implemented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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14 pages, 6475 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Crack Growth Rates and Crack Tip Opening Loads in CT Specimens Made of SDSS and Manufactured Using WAAM
by Andrew Sales, Aditya Khanna, James Hughes, Ling Yin and Andrei Kotousov
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1842; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081842 - 17 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1745
Abstract
Additive manufacturing offers greater flexibility in the design and fabrication of structural components with complex shapes. However, the use of additively manufactured parts for load-bearing structural applications, specifically involving cyclic loading, requires a thorough investigation of material fatigue properties. These properties can be [...] Read more.
Additive manufacturing offers greater flexibility in the design and fabrication of structural components with complex shapes. However, the use of additively manufactured parts for load-bearing structural applications, specifically involving cyclic loading, requires a thorough investigation of material fatigue properties. These properties can be affected by many factors, including residual stresses and crack tip shielding mechanisms, which can be very different from those of conventionally manufactured materials. This research focuses on super duplex stainless steels (SDSSs) fabricated with wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and investigates their fatigue crack growth rates and the net effect of crack tip shielding mechanisms. Using the compliance-based method, we measured crack tip opening loads in compact tension (CT) specimens with cracks propagating longitudinally and transversely to the WAAM deposition direction. It was found that fatigue crack growth rates were very similar in both directions when correlated by the effective stress intensity factor range. However, the differences in crack tip opening loads explain a quite significant influence of the deposition direction on the fatigue life. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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21 pages, 7418 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Crack Propagation of 51CrV4 Steels for Leaf Spring Suspensions of Railway Freight Wagons
by Vítor M. G. Gomes, Grzegorz Lesiuk, José A. F. O. Correia and Abílio M. P. de Jesus
Materials 2024, 17(8), 1831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17081831 - 16 Apr 2024
Viewed by 929
Abstract
Leaf springs are critical components for the railway vehicle safety in which they are installed. Although these components are produced in high-strength alloyed steel and designed to operate under cyclic loading conditions in the high-cyclic fatigue region, their failure is still possible, which [...] Read more.
Leaf springs are critical components for the railway vehicle safety in which they are installed. Although these components are produced in high-strength alloyed steel and designed to operate under cyclic loading conditions in the high-cyclic fatigue region, their failure is still possible, which can lead to economic and human catastrophes. The aim of this document was to precisely characterise the mechanical crack growth behaviour of the chromium–vanadium alloyed steel representative of leaf springs under cyclic conditions, that is, the crack propagation in mode I. The common fatigue crack growth prediction models (Paris and Walker) considering the effect of stress ratio and parameters such as propagation threshold, critical stress intensity factor and crack closure ratio were also determined using statistical methods, which resulted in good approximations with respect to the experimental results. Lastly, the fracture surfaces under the different test conditions were analysed using SEM, with no significant differences to declare. As a result of this research work, it is expected that the developed properties and fatigue crack growth prediction models can assist design and maintenance engineers in understanding fatigue behaviour in the initiation and propagation phase of cracks in leaf springs for railway freight wagons. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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12 pages, 5795 KiB  
Article
Unusual Fatigue Crack Growth Behavior of Long Cracks at Low Stress Intensity Factor Ranges
by Daniel Kujawski and Asuri K. Vasudevan
Materials 2024, 17(4), 792; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17040792 - 6 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1105
Abstract
In this article, we characterize and review the unusual lack of threshold in fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior for some alloys at low values of stress intensity factor ranges ΔK and its implications to damage-tolerant design approaches. This unusual behavior was first observed [...] Read more.
In this article, we characterize and review the unusual lack of threshold in fatigue crack growth (FCG) behavior for some alloys at low values of stress intensity factor ranges ΔK and its implications to damage-tolerant design approaches. This unusual behavior was first observed by Marci in 1996 in IMI 834 alloy. Conventional applications of linear elastic fracture mechanics to FCG analysis at constant R-ratio (or Kmax) assumes that (da/dN) decreases monotonically with decreasing ΔK and approaches the threshold value of ΔKth with (da/dN) ≤ 10−7 mm/cycle for a given R (or Kmax). However, instead of ΔK threshold behavior, some materials exhibit plateau or acceleration in da/dN rate with decreasing ΔK for long cracks tested in both constant R and Kmax conditions. This unusual (da/dN)-ΔK behavior is only observed experimentally but not understood and represents a challenge to scientists and engineers to model the safe fatigue life prediction of structures under low amplitude vibrating loads. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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15 pages, 11105 KiB  
Article
Influence of Porosity on Fatigue Behaviour of 18Ni300 Steel SLM CT Specimens at Various Angles
by Pablo M. Cerezo, Jose A. Aguilera, Antonio Garcia-Gonzalez and Pablo Lopez-Crespo
Materials 2024, 17(2), 432; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17020432 - 16 Jan 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1215
Abstract
In order to improve understanding of the fatigue behaviour in additive manufactured samples, this research delves into the challenging interplay between building parameters, particularly fabrication angles, and the presence of pores. The primary objective is to explore the characterisation of these pores and [...] Read more.
In order to improve understanding of the fatigue behaviour in additive manufactured samples, this research delves into the challenging interplay between building parameters, particularly fabrication angles, and the presence of pores. The primary objective is to explore the characterisation of these pores and unravel their relationship with the fatigue properties of the material under investigation. Through a systematic analysis of porosity distribution in various fabrication orientations, supplemented by a detailed examination of the elemental dispersion around specific porous structures using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, a consistent behavioural pattern emerges across the samples. In assessing fatigue behaviour, an examination of the variables reveals that only area and aspect ratio significantly influence the behaviour of the samples. Such studies can contribute substantially to academic research in the field of material science and engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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20 pages, 5710 KiB  
Article
Investigation of Plasticity Effects on Growing Fatigue Cracks Using the CJP Model of Crack Tip Fields
by José Manuel Vasco-Olmo, Alonso Camacho-Reyes, Giancarlo Luis Gómez Gonzales and Francisco Díaz
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5744; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175744 - 22 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
A growing fatigue crack gives rise to a plastic enclave that envelops the crack and can exert a shielding effect on the crack from the global elastic stress field driving fatigue propagation. This work presents the potential of the CJP model of crack [...] Read more.
A growing fatigue crack gives rise to a plastic enclave that envelops the crack and can exert a shielding effect on the crack from the global elastic stress field driving fatigue propagation. This work presents the potential of the CJP model of crack tip fields to investigate the plasticity-induced shielding effects on growing fatigue cracks as well as its ability to characterise the size and shape of the plastic zone generated at the tip of a growing fatigue crack. The model was specifically developed to consider the influence of the plastic enclave generated around a fatigue crack on the surrounding elastic material. Different aspects related to fracture mechanics and its implications for fatigue crack growth have been investigated, namely plasticity-induced crack shielding, the retardation effect induced on fatigue crack growth due to the application of an overload and the estimate of the size and shape of the crack tip plastic zone. The model has been successfully applied by analysing displacement fields experimentally measured by DIC in different CT specimens made of 2024-T3 aluminium alloy and commercially pure titanium. Results presented in this work intend to contribute to a better understanding of the shielding effects during fatigue crack growth. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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19 pages, 6086 KiB  
Article
New Plastic Crack-Tip Opening Displacement Tool Based on Digital Image Correlation for Estimating the Fatigue-Crack-Growth Law on 316L Stainless Steel
by Muhammad Ajmal, Cristina Lopez-Crespo, Alejandro S. Cruces and Pablo Lopez-Crespo
Materials 2023, 16(13), 4589; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16134589 - 25 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1427
Abstract
This work presents a new approach for studying crack growth resulting from fatigue, which utilizes the plastic contribution of crack-tip opening displacement (CTODp). CTODp is used to predict austenitic stainless-steel crack propagation. Unlike linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis, the method [...] Read more.
This work presents a new approach for studying crack growth resulting from fatigue, which utilizes the plastic contribution of crack-tip opening displacement (CTODp). CTODp is used to predict austenitic stainless-steel crack propagation. Unlike linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis, the method presented here is also helpful for tasks other than small-scale yielding. The approach was based on correlating full-field displacement information with post-processing digital images. This work describes a detailed post-processing protocol that can be used to calculate CTODp. The results for steel compact-tension specimens were especially promising. Of note, there was a linear relationship between the propagation rate of fatigue cracks and the CTODp range. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fatigue Crack Growth in Metallic Materials (Volume II))
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