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Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume)
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Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume)

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2023) | Viewed by 6950

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Giovanna Orsini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology (DISCO), Polytechnic University of Marche, 60126 Ancona, Italy
Interests: morphology of dental tissues; restorative and esthetic dentistry; biomaterials; electron microscopy; immunohistochemistry; regenerative dentistry; nanotechnology; stem cells; randomized clinical trial
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent advances in biomaterials, tissue engineering and nanotechnology for dental clinical applications represent an important challenge for daily practice. Dental diseases often can lead to partial or complete damage to dental structures. Thus, the use of modern technologies with innovative and sophisticated biomaterials are fundamental for all kinds of dental care.

In restorative dentistry, nanotechnologies can develop aesthetic materials with ameliorated properties to increase the longevity of restorations. In endodontics, nanomaterials can deliver growth factors and stem cells, stimulating the regenerative capacity of the dentin-pulp complex. Current treatments using dental implants in association with scaffolds, stem cells, and growth factors may enhance osseointegration and host tissue response. Moreover, prevention strategies for reducing caries incidence, periodontal disease, and oral cancer are strongly needed, as well as controlling the side effects produced by different materials (such as bleaching agents, resin methacrylates, and other nano-featured compounds). Modern developments of tissue engineering platforms, including spheroids, organoids, microfluidics, and organ-on-chip technologies, have paved the way for creating excellent tools simulating the oral environment, for a better understanding of the regenerative processes. Promising stem cell-based approaches for re-creating fully functional dental tissues are ongoing, offering exciting perspectives, that, hopefully, will soon be ready for clinical applications.

Thus, the present topic would like to focus on the progress of contemporary materials coupled with biological and/or technological platforms for successful daily practice in all fields of dentistry, including craniofacial bone regeneration procedures.

Dr. Giovanna Orsini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • nanotechnology
  • biomaterials
  • stem cells
  • tissue engineering
  • prevention
  • clinical trials

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 5680 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Dental Zirconium Oxide Ceramics Produced Using Additive and Removal Technology for Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry—Strength and Surface Tests: An In Vitro Study
by Wojciech Frąckiewicz, Marcin Królikowski, Konrad Kwiatkowski, Ewa Sobolewska, Paweł Szymlet and Małgorzata Tomasik
Materials 2024, 17(1), 168; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma17010168 - 28 Dec 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1468
Abstract
Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the mechanical and functional properties of zirconium oxide ceramics made using 3D printing technology and ceramics produced using conventional dental milling machines. Methods: Forty zirconia samples were prepared for this study: the [...] Read more.
Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the mechanical and functional properties of zirconium oxide ceramics made using 3D printing technology and ceramics produced using conventional dental milling machines. Methods: Forty zirconia samples were prepared for this study: the control group consisted of 20 samples made using milling technology, and the test group consisted of 20 samples made using 3D printing technology. Their surface parameters were measured, and then their mechanical parameters were checked and compared. Density, hardness, flexural strength and compressive strength were tested by performing appropriate in vitro tests. After the strength tests, a comparative analysis of the geometric structure of the surfaces of both materials was performed again. Student’s t-test was used to evaluate the results (p < 0.01). Results: Both ceramics show comparable values of mechanical parameters, and the differences are not statistically significant. The geometric structure of the sample surfaces looks very similar. Only minor changes in the structure near the crack were observed in the AM group. Conclusion: Ceramics made using additive technology have similar mechanical and surface parameters to milled zirconium oxide, which is one of the arguments for the introduction of this material into clinical practice. This in vitro study has shown that this ceramic can compete with zirconium made using CAD/CAM (Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided Manufacturing) methods. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume))
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15 pages, 5447 KiB  
Article
Novel Remineralizing and Antibiofilm Low-Shrinkage-Stress Nanocomposites to Inhibit Salivary Biofilms and Protect Tooth Structures
by Abdullah Alhussein, Rashed Alsahafi, Areej Alfaifi, Mohammad Alenizy, Ibrahim Ba-Armah, Abraham Schneider, Mary-Ann Jabra-Rizk, Radi Masri, Guadalupe Garcia Fay, Thomas W. Oates, Jirun Sun, Michael D. Weir and Hockin H. K. Xu
Materials 2023, 16(20), 6770; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206770 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Recurrent caries remain a persistent concern, often linked to microleakage and a lack of bioactivity in contemporary dental composites. Our study aims to address this issue by developing a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibiofilm and remineralization capabilities, thus countering the progression of recurrent caries. [...] Read more.
Recurrent caries remain a persistent concern, often linked to microleakage and a lack of bioactivity in contemporary dental composites. Our study aims to address this issue by developing a low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposite with antibiofilm and remineralization capabilities, thus countering the progression of recurrent caries. In the present study, we formulated low-shrinkage-stress nanocomposites by combining triethylene glycol divinylbenzyl ether and urethane dimethacrylate, incorporating dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate (DMADDM), along with nanoparticles of calcium fluoride (nCaF2) and nanoparticles of amorphous calcium phosphate (NACP). The biofilm viability, biofilm metabolic activity, lactic acid production, and ion release were evaluated. The novel formulations containing 3% DMADDM exhibited a potent antibiofilm activity, exhibiting a 4-log reduction in the human salivary biofilm CFUs compared to controls (p < 0.001). Additionally, significant reductions were observed in biofilm biomass and lactic acid (p < 0.05). By integrating both 10% NACP and 10% nCaF2 into one formulation, efficient ion release was achieved, yielding concentrations of 3.02 ± 0.21 mmol/L for Ca, 0.5 ± 0.05 mmol/L for P, and 0.37 ± 0.01 mmol/L for F ions. The innovative mixture of DMADDM, NACP, and nCaF2 displayed strong antibiofilm effects on salivary biofilm while concomitantly releasing a significant amount of remineralizing ions. This nanocomposite is a promising dental material with antibiofilm and remineralization capacities, with the potential to reduce polymerization-related microleakage and recurrent caries. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume))
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12 pages, 3416 KiB  
Article
Hydrogen Peroxide Diffusion through Dental Tissues—In Vitro Study
by Susana Dias, Leonor Casqueiro, Ruben Pereira, João Silveira, António Mata and Duarte Marques
Materials 2023, 16(16), 5552; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16165552 - 10 Aug 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2205
Abstract
Whitening products commonly utilize hydrogen peroxide (HP) as an active principle, which can penetrate dental tissues with potential side effects due to its low molecular weight. This study aimed to evaluate the HP diffusion of two in-office whitening products, namely 6% VivaStyle Paint [...] Read more.
Whitening products commonly utilize hydrogen peroxide (HP) as an active principle, which can penetrate dental tissues with potential side effects due to its low molecular weight. This study aimed to evaluate the HP diffusion of two in-office whitening products, namely 6% VivaStyle Paint On Plus (VS) and Opalescence Boost 40% (OP), in different tooth types. Additionally, the influence of the area of exposure, dental tissue thickness and pulp chamber volume was assessed. Each group consisted of eighteen intact anterior (A), premolar (PM) and molar (M) human teeth, and a positive pulpal pressure model was employed. The samples were analyzed using spectrophotometry, and results were expressed as the mean and 95% confidence interval. Statistical tests and linear regression models were appropriately applied at α = 5%. The total HP (µg) retrieved was as follows: VS-A, 1.333 [1.214, 1.452]; OP-A, 1.538 [1.457, 1.620]; VS-PM, 1.208 [1.123, 1.291]; OP-PM, 3.628 [3.401, 3.855]; VS-M, 2.560 [2.297, 2.823]; and OP-M, 4.197 [3.997, 4.396], with statistically significant differences in diffusion kinetics between whitening products for PM and M. Several HP concentrations attained a minimum cytotoxicity value of 2.22 µg/mL. The regression model shows that OP exposed the pulp chamber to 1.421 µg of HP more than that of VS. Different whitening products can cause cytotoxic HP concentrations in the pulp chamber, with a higher risk observed in molars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume))
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14 pages, 5308 KiB  
Article
Socket Preservation Using Dentin Mixed with Xenograft Materials: A Pilot Study
by Elio Minetti, Andrea Palermo, Paolo Savadori, Assunta Patano, Alessio Danilo Inchingolo, Biagio Rapone, Giuseppina Malcangi, Francesco Inchingolo, Gianna Dipalma, Francesco Carlo Tartaglia and Angelo Michele Inchingolo
Materials 2023, 16(14), 4945; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16144945 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1305
Abstract
Background: The use of human dentin matrix could serve as an alternative to autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts due to its osteoinductive characteristics. The limitations of its use is tooth availability and that it is often necessary to mix it with a [...] Read more.
Background: The use of human dentin matrix could serve as an alternative to autologous, allogenic, and xenogeneic bone grafts due to its osteoinductive characteristics. The limitations of its use is tooth availability and that it is often necessary to mix it with a biomaterial. Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze a mix of two different graft materials with different reabsorption ranges when the dentin graft material was not sufficient for full socket preservation. Methods: Seven socket preservation surgeries were carried out employing a mixed graft material containing 50% dentin and 50% xenograft. After four months of recovery, the implants were positioned. At the time of the prosthesis placement and implant surgery, bone samples were collected. Results: The histologic analysis revealed no inflammatory or infective reaction against the seven biopsies. The histomorphometric graft analysis revealed an amount of New Bone of 29.03 ± 6.57% after 4 months and 34.11 ± 5.02% after 8 months. Conclusions: The two graft materials had a different volume reabsorption rate: 71% after 4 months and 90% after 8 months for dentin, and 6% after 4 months and 26% after 8 months for the xenograft. The space created by the dentin reabsorption increased the quantity of new bone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Biomaterials and Technology for Dental Clinical Applications (Second Volume))
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