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Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel
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Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 August 2023) | Viewed by 11373

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yizhu He

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Technology, Maanshan 243099, China
Interests: structural metallic material; mechanical property; microstructural tailoring; surface modification; additive manufacture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Energy saving and environmental protection are the themes of the automobile manufacturing industry and advanced manufacture industry. The body of cars or machines made of high-strength steel or light metal can effectively reduce not only the weight, but also fuel consumption.

In this Special Issue, we welcome articles that focus on the latest achievements of mechanical property and microstructural tailoring of advanced light alloy and high strength alloy/steel. Light alloy is related to aluminum alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy. High-strength alloy or steel is related to multi-phase steel, quenched and partitioned steel, hot-stamped steel, and low-density steel. The research results provide a beneficial reference for the design, development, and application of advanced light alloy and high strength alloy/steel in the automobile manufacturing industry and advanced manufacturing industry.

Prof. Dr. Yizhu He
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mechanical property
  • microstructural tailoring
  • advanced high-strength alloy/steel
  • low-density alloy/steel
  • light alloy
  • aluminum alloy
  • magnesium alloy
  • titanium Alloy
  • multi-phase steel (MP steel)
  • quenched and partitioned steel (Q&P)
  • hot-stamped steel

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

13 pages, 12198 KiB  
Article
Effect of Mn Content on the Toughness and Plasticity of Hot-Rolled High-Carbon Medium Manganese Steel
by Menghu Wang, Xiaokai Liang, Wubin Ren, Shuai Tong and Xinjun Sun
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2299; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062299 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2223
Abstract
The tensile and impact deformation behavior of three different Mn content test steels, xMn-1.0C-0.25V-1.5Cr-0.3Mo (5, 8 and 13 wt%), were investigated using mechanical properties testing, SEM-EBSD and TEM. The elongation and −20 °C impact energy of the three types of Mn content test [...] Read more.
The tensile and impact deformation behavior of three different Mn content test steels, xMn-1.0C-0.25V-1.5Cr-0.3Mo (5, 8 and 13 wt%), were investigated using mechanical properties testing, SEM-EBSD and TEM. The elongation and −20 °C impact energy of the three types of Mn content test steels increased as the Mn content increased. The room temperature tensile elongation was 9%, 23% and 81%, and the −20 °C impact energy was 9 J, 99 J and 241 J, respectively. The fracture morphologies of 5 Mn and 8 Mn were found to be cleavage fractures with secondary cracks and micro-voids. The 13 Mn fracture morphology was a plastic fracture with many coarse dimples. Transverse cracks perpendicular to the tensile direction occurred on the surface of the gauge area of 5 Mn and 8 Mn tensile specimens, reducing plasticity dramatically. This was mainly related to the martensitic transformation produced by stress. We characterized the martensite near the tensile fracture and speculated the main mode of crack propagation. Furthermore, a little amount of sharp-shaped BCC phase was found in the 5 Mn, which was determined to be a hard phase relative to the austenite matrix by nanoindentation test. These steels have stacking fault energies ranging from ~15 to ~29 mJ/m2 with increasing Mn content 13 Mn has high stacking fault energy (SFE) and austenite stability. Twin-induced plasticity (TWIP) was the deformation mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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15 pages, 21737 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Tensile Deformation Behaviors and Microstructure Characterization under Various Temperatures of MarBN Steel by EBSD
by Tongfei Zou, Meng Liu, Yifan Cai, Quanyi Wang, Yunqing Jiang, Yunru Wang, Yubing Pei, Hong Zhang, Yongjie Liu and Qingyuan Wang
Materials 2023, 16(6), 2243; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16062243 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1442
Abstract
The uniaxial tensile behavior of MarBN steel with a constant strain rate of 5 × 10−5 s−1 under various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 630 °C was analyzed. This study aimed to identify the effect of the temperature on the [...] Read more.
The uniaxial tensile behavior of MarBN steel with a constant strain rate of 5 × 10−5 s−1 under various temperatures ranging from room temperature to 630 °C was analyzed. This study aimed to identify the effect of the temperature on the tensile behavior and to understand the microstructure deformation by electron backscatter diffraction. The tensile results showed that the yield and ultimate tensile strength decreased with increasing temperature. Serrated flow was observed from 430 °C to 630 °C. The electron backscatter diffraction analysis showed that the low-angle grain boundaries decreased at the medium deformation and increased at the maximum deformation. In contrast, they decreased with increasing temperatures. In addition, the number of voids increased with the increasing plastic strain. As the strain increased, the voids joined together, and the tiny cracks became larger and failed. Three mechanisms were responsible for the tensile deformation failure at various temperatures: grain rotation, the formation and rearrangement of low angle grain boundaries, and void nucleation and propagation. Finally, the formation of the low-angle grain boundaries and voids under different degrees of deformation is discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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19 pages, 6034 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Adding V and Nb Microalloy Elements on the Bake Hardening Properties of ULC Steel before and after Annealing
by Afshin Ghanaei, Hossein Edris, Hossein Monajati and Bejan Hamawandi
Materials 2023, 16(4), 1716; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16041716 - 18 Feb 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
Bake hardening (BH) is a vital part of special steel production. Studies in this field have focused on steels under homogeneous yielding, but until now, none have been conducted on the phenomena that occur for steels under heterogeneous yielding. In the current study, [...] Read more.
Bake hardening (BH) is a vital part of special steel production. Studies in this field have focused on steels under homogeneous yielding, but until now, none have been conducted on the phenomena that occur for steels under heterogeneous yielding. In the current study, the effect of adding Nb and V alloying elements on the strength of ultra-low carbon (ULC) steel after bake hardening was investigated. The effects of pre-strain, grain size, and recrystallization annealing temperature were analyzed, as well as the effect of Nb and V on the yield stress caused by the bake hardening process. For this purpose, five types of alloys with different V and Nb contents were melted, cast in an induction furnace, and subjected to hot hammering and hot rolling. Then, cold rolling was applied to the samples by ~80%. To eliminate the effects of cold working, tensile samples were subjected to recrystallization annealing at 750 and 800 °C for 30 min, and the samples were quickly quenched in a mixture of a NaCl solution and ice. The annealed samples were subjected to a pre-tensile strain in the range of 2–12% and then aged in a silicone oil bath at 180 °C for 30 min. Then they were subjected to a tensile test. The obtained results showed that with the increase of the pre-strain and the annealing temperature, the values of baking hardness increased. The presence of V in the composition of steel reduced the annealing temperature. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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15 pages, 7371 KiB  
Article
Evolution of Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Nb-V Alloyed Ultra-High Strength Hot Stamping Steel in Austenitizing Process
by Shuang Liu, Songyuan Ai, Mujun Long, Yi Feng, Jingjun Zhao, Yan Zhao, Xiang Gao, Dengfu Chen and Mingtu Ma
Materials 2022, 15(22), 8197; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15228197 - 18 Nov 2022
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
Clarifying the influence of Nb and V microalloying on the ultra-high strength hot stamping steel (UHSHSS) and exploring appropriate process parameters are the basis for effectively regulating properties of the final product. In this study, the effects of different austenitizing temperatures and holding [...] Read more.
Clarifying the influence of Nb and V microalloying on the ultra-high strength hot stamping steel (UHSHSS) and exploring appropriate process parameters are the basis for effectively regulating properties of the final product. In this study, the effects of different austenitizing temperatures and holding times on the phase transitions, grain sizes and mechanical properties of 22MnB5NbV with Nb and V alloyed are studied by using JMatPro thermodynamic calculations and experiments. By comparing with 22MnB5 without Nb and V alloyed, the effects of Nb and V elements on quenching microstructures, grain sizes and mechanical properties of UHSHSS are analyzed. The suitable austenitizing process parameters of 22MnB5NbV have been obtained. The results show that the grain size of Nb-V-alloyed UHSHSS grows with the increase in the austenitizing temperature and holding time. The 22MnB5NbV steel can be completely austenitized while the austenitizing temperatures ≥870 °C and holding time ≥3 min. Combined with the actual production process, the best austenitizing temperature and holding time are 930 °C and 3 min. Under these conditions, the average grain size is 7.7 μm, the tensile strength, elongation and strength-ductility product are 1570.8 MPa, 6.6% and 10.4 GPa·%, respectively. With the addition of Nb and V elements, the nanoscale precipitates lead to the refinement of the quenched structure and grain size, and the comprehensive properties of UHSHSS have been effectively promoted, in which the elongation and strong-plastic products are increased by ~0.6% and ~1.2 GPa·%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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11 pages, 6434 KiB  
Article
Effect of Geometrical Parameters of Microscale Particles on Particle-Stimulated Nucleation and Recrystallization Texture of Al-Si-Mg-Cu-Based Alloy Sheets
by Jonggyu Jeon, Sangjun Lee, Joonseok Kyeong, Seeun Shin and Heon Kang
Materials 2022, 15(22), 7924; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15227924 - 9 Nov 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1311
Abstract
The effects of the shapes (needle and round) and volume fractions (low and high) of microscale particles in Al-Si-Mg-Cu-based alloys on recrystallization behavior, texture evolution, mechanical properties, and formability are investigated. The recrystallized grain size decreases as the size and volume fraction of [...] Read more.
The effects of the shapes (needle and round) and volume fractions (low and high) of microscale particles in Al-Si-Mg-Cu-based alloys on recrystallization behavior, texture evolution, mechanical properties, and formability are investigated. The recrystallized grain size decreases as the size and volume fraction of the particles decrease and increase, respectively, regardless of the particle shape. The investigated alloys with a relatively low volume fraction of 0.7 to 2.4 vol.% exhibit higher efficiency particle-stimulated nucleation (PSN) than alloys with a high volume fraction of 6.0 to 21.0 vol.%. This is because the interaction between the particles and dislocations cannot be greatly promoted when the volume fraction of the particles is large enough to form agglomerates. The sheets with round-shaped particles exhibit higher yield strength (YS) and elongation (EL) than sheets with needle-shaped particles. The improvement in YS is due to the combined effects of grain refinement and particle strengthening, and the EL is improved by reducing the probability of cracking at the tips of round-shaped particles. The sheets with round-shaped particles exhibit relatively higher average plastic strain ratio (r¯) and planar anisotropy (∆r) than the sheets with needle-shaped particles, owing to the development of Goss {110}<001> or rotated-Goss {110}<110> orientations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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Graphical abstract

18 pages, 7780 KiB  
Article
Effect of Bi, Sb, and Ti on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of SAC105 Alloys
by Tixin Yang, Youyang Chen, Kangdong You, Ziqiang Dong, Yandong Jia, Gang Wang, Jubo Peng, Shanshan Cai, Xiaobin Luo, Chen Liu and Jiajun Wang
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144727 - 6 Jul 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2174
Abstract
The Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder alloys with a low Ag (Ag < 3 wt.%) content have attracted great attention owing to their low cost, increased ability in bulk compliance, and plastic energy dissipation. However, some of their mechanical properties are generally lower than the [...] Read more.
The Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) solder alloys with a low Ag (Ag < 3 wt.%) content have attracted great attention owing to their low cost, increased ability in bulk compliance, and plastic energy dissipation. However, some of their mechanical properties are generally lower than the SAC alloys with a higher Ag content. Adding alloying elements is an effective approach for improving the mechanical properties of the SAC alloys. In this study, the effect of Bi, Sb, and Ti on Sn-1 wt.%Ag-0.5 wt.%Cu (SAC105) solder alloys was investigated. The SAC solders with four compositions: SAC105-1 wt.%Bi, SAC105-1 wt.%Sb, SAC105-1 wt.%Bi-1 wt.%Sb, SAC105-1 wt.%Bi-1 wt.%Sb-0.4 wt.%Ti were prepared. The microstructure and phase compositions were characterized using electron scanning microscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The thermal properties and wettability were also examined. Uniaxial tensile tests and nano-indentation tests were conducted to evaluate the mechanical properties. The results show that adding Bi or Sb could increase the strength of SAC105 alloys mainly due to the solid solution strengthening effect. The creep resistance of SAC105 alloys was also improved with the additions of Bi and Sb. The co-additions of Bi and Sb into SAC105 alloys exhibit an enhanced creep resistance than that calculated by the theoretical calculation. The further addition of Ti into SAC105-1Bi-1Sb alloys demonstrated a much-improved creep resistance, which could be attributed to the synergistic effects of both solid solution strengthening and the precipitation hardening effects. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Microstructural Features of Alloy/Steel)
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