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The Search for Real Biologically Active Dental Materials of the Future

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 October 2023) | Viewed by 6722

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Victor Pinheiro Feitosa

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Guest Editor

Department of Restorative Dentistry, Paulo Picanço Faculty, Fortaleza, Brazil
Interests: dentin; pulp regeneration; remineralization; dental composite; polymer

Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Silikas

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Guest Editor

Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
Interests: dental composite; polymer; surface science; dentin; bioactive
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Dear Colleagues,

Most dental materials employed nowadays in dentistry are based on synthetic compounds, which are usually not cytotoxic or are inert to cells from the teeth and surrounding tissues. In this regard, bioactive products have been proposed and tailored to replace or contribute to traditional restorative materials and treatments. This represents a threshold for a new trend in dental biomaterials ground on the development of new monomers, bioactive fillers and nanocarriers for drugs and antimicrobial reagents. The objective of this Special Issue is to highlight such new biomaterials and clinical strategies recently developed to truly interact with live oral tissues with high potential to improve dental care. In conclusion, this new trend in dental biomaterials research may represent a seed for the future of a sustainable and more biologically active standard of care in dentistry.

Dr. Victor Pinheiro Feitosa
Prof. Dr. Nikolaos Silikas
Guest Editors

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Keywords

bioactivity
dentin
enamel
biomaterial
composite
nanoparticle

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 5028 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Synthesis and Characterization of Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles with Enamel Remineralization and Antimicrobial Capabilities

by Ryota Nagasaki, Keiji Nagano, Takashi Nezu and Masahiro Iijima

Materials 2023, 16(21), 6878; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16216878 - 26 Oct 2023

Viewed by 1401

Abstract

Background: We investigated the effect of bioactive glass and zinc oxide nanoparticles on enamel remineralization, as well as their antimicrobial effect on cariogenic microbes. This is the first study that investigated the properties of bioactive glass and zinc oxide nanoparticles with mixed materials. Methods: Fluoride gel (F), bioactive glass microparticles (µB), bioactive glass nanoparticles (nB), zinc oxide nanoparticles (Z), and a mixed suspension of nB and Z (nBZ) were prepared and characterized by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, zeta potential measurement, X-ray diffraction, and acid buffering capacity testing. Further, we performed a remineralization cycle test of 28 days, and nanoindentation testing was carried out during the immersion period, and then the enamel surfaces were examined using scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, the antimicrobial effects of the sample suspensions were evaluated by measuring their minimum microbicidal concentrations against various cariogenic microbes. Results: Our results revealed that nB had a near-circular shape with an amorphous structure and a considerably large specific surface area due to nanoparticulation. Additionally, nB possessed a rapid acid buffering capacity that was comparable to that of μB. In the remineralization test, faster recovery of mechanical properties was observed on the enamel surface immersed in samples containing bioactive glass nanoparticles (nB and nBZ). After remineralization, demineralized enamel immersed in any of the samples showed a rough and porous surface structure covered with mineralized structures. Furthermore, nBZ exhibited a broad antimicrobial spectrum. Conclusions: These results demonstrated that bioactive glass and zinc oxide nanoparticles have superior demineralization-suppressing and remineralization-promoting effects. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Search for Real Biologically Active Dental Materials of the Future)

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13 pages, 1464 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Depth of Cure, Sorption and Solubility of Dual-Cured Bulk-Fill Restorative Materials

by Bashayer Alzahrani, Abdulrahman Alshabib and Wedad Awliya

Materials 2023, 16(20), 6673; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16206673 - 13 Oct 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1252

Abstract

This study aimed to examine depth of cure (DoC), mass change, water sorption and solubility of dual-cured bulk-fill restorative materials (Surfil One and Activa) in comparison with a light-cured bulk-fill composite (Filtek One Bulk-Fill) and a resin-modified glass ionomer (Fuji II LC). Twenty specimens were prepared of each material using stainless steel molds designed with a slot (8 × 4 × 2 mm) and irradiated for either 20 or 40 s. The Vickers hardness (VHN) was measured at every 0.5 mm to assess the DoC after 24 h of storage at 37 °C. The depth of cure was reported as the depth corresponding to 80% of the maximum Vickers hardness. Disc-shaped specimens were prepared of each material (n = 5) to investigate mass change, sorption and solubility after 4 months of water storage. The data were analyzed using a two-way and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05). Fuji II LC had the greatest DoC while Activa had the lowest. The two different irradiation times did not demonstrate a significant difference in DoC for all dual-cured materials (p > 0.05). Fuji II LC had the highest sorption while Filtek One showed the lowest. Surefil One and Fuji II LC had a negative solubility. This study concluded that dual-cured materials showed different depth of cure values despite having the same setting reaction. Both materials exhibited a high water sorption, which might jeopardize their dimensional stability and effect their clinical performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Search for Real Biologically Active Dental Materials of the Future)

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12 pages, 1438 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of the Micro-Shear Bond Strength of Resin Cements to CAD/CAM Glass Ceramics with Various Surface Treatments

by Gaye Sağlam, Seda Cengiz, Ayşegül Köroğlu, Onur Şahin and Neslin Velioğlu

Materials 2023, 16(7), 2635; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16072635 - 26 Mar 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1596

Abstract

This study aimed to compare the effect of acid etching, sandblasting, or silica coating on the micro-shear bond strength of dual-cured resin cements to computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) glass ceramic materials. Feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and zirconia-reinforced CAD/CAM ceramics were divided into four groups: control group (C), no surface treatment; hydrofluoric (HF) group, 5% HF acid-etched; sandblasting (SB) group, abraded with 50 µm aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) particles; silica-coated (CJ) group, abraded with 30 µm silica-modified Al₂O₃ particles. Roughness values were obtained by using a profilometer. The cements were condensed on the surface-treated specimens and a micro-shear bond test was conducted. The ceramic material (p < 0.001) and surface treatment type (p < 0.001) significantly affected the micro-shear bond strength values. HF acid etching can be recommended for the surface pretreatment of feldspathic, lithium disilicate, and zirconia-reinforced CAD/CAM ceramics. Better bond strengths can be obtained with HF acid etching than with sandblasting and silica coating. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Search for Real Biologically Active Dental Materials of the Future)

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12 pages, 1510 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Bonding Protocols on the Performance of Luting Agents Applied to CAD–CAM Composites

by Bruna Hilgemberg, Fabiana Suelen Figuerêdo de Siqueira, Andres Felipe Millan Cardenas, Josiane Loch Ribeiro, Andrés Dávila-Sánchez, Salvatore Sauro, Alessandro Dourado Loguercio and Cesar Augusto Galvao Arrais

Materials 2022, 15(17), 6004; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176004 - 31 Aug 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1701

Abstract

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the effect of different bonding strategies on the micro-shear bond strength (μSBS) of luting agents to CAD–CAM composites. Surface scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and spectroscopy by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) were performed to analyze the surfaces of the composite before and after bonding treatment. Three CAD–CAM composites were evaluated: Lava Ultimate restorative (LU), Brava Blocks (BR), and Vita Enamic (VE). The LU and BR surfaces were sandblasted using aluminum oxide, while the VE surfaces were etched using a 5% hydrofluoric acid gel according to the manufacturers’ recommendations. All surfaces were subjected to the following bonding strategies (n = 15): adhesive with silane and MDP (ScotchBond Universal, 3M Oral Care, St Paul, MI, USA); adhesive with MDP (Ambar Universal, FGM, Joinville, Brazil); adhesive without silane or MDP (Prime&Bond Elect, Dentsply Sirona, Charlotte, NC, USA), pure silane without MDP (Angelus, Londrina, Brazil), and pure silane with MDP (Monobond N, Ivoclar Vivadent, Schaan, Liechtenstei). Afterwards, tygons were filled with RelyX Ultimate (3M Oral Care), AllCem (FGM), or Enforce (Dentsply Sirona), which were light-cured and subjected to the μSBS test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA and Bonferroni’s post hoc test (α = 0.05). Additional blocks (n = 15) were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) before and after the surface treatment. The μSBS values on VE surfaces were higher than those observed on LU and BR surfaces (p < 0.001). Silane without MDP (Allcem) promoted the highest μSBS values, while silane with MDP (RelyX Ultimate) provided the highest values among all bonding strategies (p < 0.001). Enforce promoted no significant difference in μSBS values. SEM and EDS analyses detected noticeable changes to the surface morphology and composition after the surface treatment. The effectiveness of the bonding strategy may vary according not only to the CAD–CAM composite but also to resin cement/bonding agent/silane used. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Search for Real Biologically Active Dental Materials of the Future)

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