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Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo...
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Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 August 2023) | Viewed by 18526

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Mariusz Korczynski

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Environment Hygiene and Animal Welfare, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Chełmońskiego 38c, 51-630 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: environmental chemistry, agricultural science, nutrition, trace elements, elements release
Dr. Maciej Dobrzyński

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Preclinical Dentistry, Wroclaw Medical University, Krakowska 26, 50-425 Wroclaw, Poland
Interests: nanomaterials; titanium alloys; composites; nanohydroxyapatite applications; scaffolds; dental CAD/CAM materials; bone regeneration; dental bioengineering; biomaterial’s surface modification; lasers in medicine; environmental dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Knowledge about the release of elements from tissues and biomaterials is very significant in dentistry. The process of release offers many clinically valuable effects e.g antimicrobial or remineralizing. The aim of this special issue is to measure the uptake and release of elements from chosen biomaterials as well as tissues and their effect on human health. The successful use of releasing-elements biomaterials causes better clinical outcomes. Some materials, e.g. fissure sealants or glass-ionomer cements long-term fluoride release. It contributes to extend the clinical usability of adhesive restorations by remineralizing the carious dentin and preventing from formation of secondary caries under the restoration. Materials containing nanohydroxyapatite (nHAp) doped with silver have antimicrobial properties and are able to eliminate hypersensitivity in teeth by closing the dentinal tubules. Scientific research confirms successful use of nano-silver and nano-calcium in canal sealers. Their release increases material antibacterial properties and root dentin hardness.

Moreover, during removal of amalgam restorations and metal posts, the high amounts of toxic elements are released. Within oral cavity, there may be a release of metal ions from orthodontic appliances, stainless steel crowns and dental implants. Such phenomena are possible due to the influence of food, drinks as well as iatrogenic dental procedures (e.g. laser application).

Environmental exposure to toxic elements can be measured in various tissues, e.g bone, enamel or dentine. Some scientific works focused on confirming if impacted teeth and surrounding bone tissue may reflect environmental exposure to toxic metals, making them possible to use as biomonitoring materials. Mineralization of tooth tissue is dependent with regard to amount of macro-elements in the air, soil or tap water.

In the special issue, attention will be paid to the release of elements from dental biomaterials as well as their content in the structures and tissues of stomatognathic system.

Topics to be covered in this Special Issue include:

  • Elements released from dental materials
  • Influence of released elements on patients oral health
  • Antimicrobial effect of released elements
  • Long-time fluoride release from dental materials
  • Uptake of elements by oral tissues and dental restorative materials
  • Assessment of the content of trace elements in different structures and tissues of stomatognathic system
  • Elements releasing from dental materials after laser application
  • The impact of food, drink and mouth rinses on dental restorations, implants and orthodontic appliances
  • The use of biological non-invasive matrices as a measure of the release of elements from dental materials.

Prof. Mariusz Korczynski
Dr. Maciej Dobrzyński
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • Cooper/silver/gold-dopped dental materials
  • Trace elements content
  • Elements release
  • Toxic metals
  • Fluoride
  • Biological non-invasive matrices
  • Food-alloys interaction
  • Rinses-alloys interaction
  • Dental alloys corrosion

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 3025 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Studies concerning Selected Properties of a Composite Material Blended with Nanofluoroapatite Crystals
by Marta Zietek, Maciej Dobrzynski, Katarzyna Fita, Dorota Diakowska, Adam Watras and Rafal Jakub Wiglusz
Materials 2021, 14(23), 7295; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14237295 - 29 Nov 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1732
Abstract
The aim of the paper was to determine the potential for fluorine release from an original composite material blended with nanofluoroapatite (FAp). The level of fluoride ion emission into deionized water and saline was studied over a period of 12 weeks. Values were [...] Read more.
The aim of the paper was to determine the potential for fluorine release from an original composite material blended with nanofluoroapatite (FAp). The level of fluoride ion emission into deionized water and saline was studied over a period of 12 weeks. Values were recorded after 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h and then weekly for a period of 12 weeks. There were statistically significant differences in the periods of fluoride ion release from 5%FAp and 2%FAp materials into saline solution as well as into deionized water. The highest fluorine release from 5%FAp + polymer was observed in the 10th and 11th week of incubation (for saline solution) and in the 9th, 10th, and 11th week (for deionized water). The highest fluorine release from 2%FAp + polymer was observed in the 9th, 11th, and 12th week of incubation for both environments. Total fluoride ion release from 5%FAp + polymer and mean fluoride release levels were similar in 5%FAp and 2%FAp in both environments. Both tested materials (5%FAp and 2%FAp) show the ability to release fluoride ions over a long time in the experimental environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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11 pages, 2150 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Microstructure and Release of Fluoride Ions from Selected Fissure Sealants: An In Vitro Study
by Katarzyna Fita, Maciej Dobrzyński, Marta Ziętek, Dorota Diakowska, Adam Watras and Rafal Jakub Wiglusz
Materials 2021, 14(17), 4936; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14174936 - 30 Aug 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1836
Abstract
The aim of this study was to compare fluoride release from four selected fissure sealants: fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona, Helioseal F, Helioseal F Plus, and Conseal. Tested parameters included emission of fluoride ions into saline (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water over a [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to compare fluoride release from four selected fissure sealants: fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona, Helioseal F, Helioseal F Plus, and Conseal. Tested parameters included emission of fluoride ions into saline (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water over a period of 2 weeks. Values were recorded after 1, 3, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h, and then after 1 and 2 weeks. All sealants were characterized by a constant fluoride release level. The highest fluoride release level was noted for Conseal (0.0169 ppm/mg), while the lowest was noted for fissure sealant manufactured by Arkona (0.063 ppm/mg). Fissure sealants, which contain fluoride, release it not only during polymerization, but also for several days after application. The use of fissure sealants whose composition includes fluoride is an effective method of preventing tooth decay. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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10 pages, 1170 KiB  
Article
Preliminary In Vitro Study of Fluoride Release from Selected Ormocer Materials
by Piotr Kosior, Maciej Dobrzynski, Aneta Zakrzewska, Lukasz Grosman, Mariusz Korczynski, Tomasz Blicharski, Martina Gutbier, Adam Watras and Rafal J. Wiglusz
Materials 2021, 14(9), 2244; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092244 - 27 Apr 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1695
Abstract
The purpose of the in vitro study presented in this paper was to determine the long-term release of fluoride ions from selected ormocer materials (Admira (A), Admira Flow (AF), Admira Seal (AS)). The release of fluoride ions from these materials into a saline [...] Read more.
The purpose of the in vitro study presented in this paper was to determine the long-term release of fluoride ions from selected ormocer materials (Admira (A), Admira Flow (AF), Admira Seal (AS)). The release of fluoride ions from these materials into a saline solution (0.9% NaCl) and deionized water was tested for 14 weeks. In a long-term study the measurements were taken after 1 and 3 h, then 1, 2, and 3 days and then at weekly intervals for 14 weeks. In a short-term study the measurements were made after 3, 24, 48, 72, 69, 168 h, i.e., within 7 days. All materials used in the test showed a constant level of fluoride release. The highest level of cumulative release of fluoride ions into deionized water was found in the AS material (23.95 ± 4.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in the A material (23.26 ± 4.16 μg/mm2) and the lowest in the AF material (16.79 ± 2.26 μg/mm2). The highest level of cumulative release into saline solution was found in AF (8.08 ± 1.30 μg/mm2), slightly lower in AS (7.36 ± 0.30 μg/mm2) and the lowest in A (6.73 ± 1.10 μg /mm2). After 1 h of immersion of the samples in the saline solution, the highest level of fluoride was released by AF (0.57 ± 0.06 μg/mm2) followed by A (0.20 ± 0.03 μg/mm2) and AS (0.19 ± 0.02 µg/mm2). Moreover, in the 14-week study, the total amount of fluoride release into the saline, which imitates the environment of the oral cavity, was observed as the highest in the AF sample. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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10 pages, 1014 KiB  
Article
Metallic Orthodontic Materials Induce Gene Expression and Protein Synthesis of Metallothioneins
by Iwona Ewa Kochanowska, Katarzyna Chojnacka, Edyta Pawlak-Adamska and Marcin Mikulewicz
Materials 2021, 14(8), 1922; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081922 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1607
Abstract
Background: Due to the long-term contact with metallic elements of orthodontic appliances, the potential influence of released metal ions on living organisms and the type of induced changes was investigated. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four young domestic pigs classified in two groups (experimental and [...] Read more.
Background: Due to the long-term contact with metallic elements of orthodontic appliances, the potential influence of released metal ions on living organisms and the type of induced changes was investigated. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four young domestic pigs classified in two groups (experimental and control) were chosen as the object of this study. In the experimental group of animals, two metal plates consisting of orthodontic bands representing the mass of orthodontic appliance were mounted on the internal side of the cheek for six months. The liver, lung, and brain samples were taken post mortem from animals of both groups. The gene expression of two isoforms of metallothionein (MT-1 and MT-2) were investigated using the qPCR technique. Protein expression was confirmed by the Western blot and ELISA techniques. Results: The differences in metallothionein concentrations were observed in the lung and brain in the group of experimental animals, but not in the liver. The expression of MT-1 and MT-2 genes in the experimental vs. control group (respectively) was as follows: lung MT-1 1.04 vs. 1.11, MT-2 0.96 vs. 1.05, liver MT-1 0.89 vs. 0.91 vs. 1.12, MT-2 0.91 vs. 1.05, brain MT-1 1.24 vs. 1.20, and MT-2 0.955 vs. 0.945. These results were confirmed by gene activity, which was tested by qPCR. This increased the activity of metallothionein genes in the lungs and brain as a consequence of the release of metal ions into these tissues. The possible effects of detected change in metallothionein-2 gene expression could be the alteration of physiological functions of lung tissue. Conclusions: The effect of long-term exposure to metal orthodontic appliances on metallothioneins gene expression, as well as the induction of protein synthesis was proved. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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16 pages, 274 KiB  
Article
Toxic Metals Content in Impacted Third Molars and Adjacent Bone Tissue in Different Groups of Patients
by Ewelina Bryła, Maciej Dobrzyński, Damian Konkol, Piotr Kuropka, Marzena Styczyńska and Mariusz Korczyński
Materials 2021, 14(4), 793; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14040793 - 7 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2146
Abstract
The aim of the study was to determine the content of: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn in the impacted third molars and a fragment of covering bone. Patients were divided according to following criteria: place of residence, age, gender, anatomical [...] Read more.
The aim of the study was to determine the content of: Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn in the impacted third molars and a fragment of covering bone. Patients were divided according to following criteria: place of residence, age, gender, anatomical location of the removed tooth. Content of Cd, Pb, and Mn in the samples increases with age of the patient. The content of Cd and Pb in the tooth and bone was higher in patients living in Wroclaw. Residents of the Wroclaw had higher Cu content in the teeth, while they had a lower content in the jawbone. In contrast to Cd and Pb, an average of 68% higher concentration of Zn in the jawbone than in the tooth was noted. The content of Cr in tooth was lower by 33% than in the mandible bone and, similarly to the content of Ni, it decreased with age. In women, the Fe content in bone of the jaw was higher than in the removed tooth. The presence of Pb and Cd aggregates is confirmed in all hard tissues of the tooth and bone, in contrast to bioelements which show a stronger tendency to aggregate, essentially within the dentine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)

Review

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15 pages, 1571 KiB  
Review
Brief Narrative Review on Commercial Dental Sealants—Comparison with Respect to Their Composition and Potential Modifications
by Aleksandra Piszko, Paweł J. Piszko, Adam Lubojański, Wojciech Grzebieluch, Maria Szymonowicz and Maciej Dobrzyński
Materials 2023, 16(19), 6453; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16196453 - 28 Sep 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2097
Abstract
The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the following questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants’ activity, how [...] Read more.
The scope of this paper is to compare different dental sealants and flow materials indicated for sealing pits and fissures considering their chemical formula. The narrative review aims to address the following questions: What is the essence of different dental sealants’ activity, how does their chemical formula affect their mechanisms of caries prevention, and what makes a dental sealant efficient mean of caries prevention? Another vital issue is whether the sealants that contain fluoride, or any other additions, have potentially increased antimicrobial properties. An electronic search of the PubMed, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus databases was performed. The following keywords were used: (dental sealants) AND (chemical composition). Additionally, information about composition and indications for clinical use provided by manufacturers were utilized. All of the considered materials are indicated for use both in permanent and primary dentition for sealing fissures, pits, and foramina caeca. The selection of suitable material should be made individually and adjusted to conditions of the sealing procedure and patient’s needs. Cariostatic mechanisms increasing sealants’ effectiveness such as fluoride release are desired in modern dentistry appreciating preventive approach. The review aims are to find crucial elements of sealants’ composition which affect their cariostatic mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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20 pages, 1057 KiB  
Review
The Safety of Fluoride Compounds and Their Effect on the Human Body—A Narrative Review
by Adam Lubojanski, Dagmara Piesiak-Panczyszyn, Wojciech Zakrzewski, Wojciech Dobrzynski, Maria Szymonowicz, Zbigniew Rybak, Bartosz Mielan, Rafal J. Wiglusz, Adam Watras and Maciej Dobrzynski
Materials 2023, 16(3), 1242; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16031242 - 31 Jan 2023
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 5817
Abstract
Fluoride is one of the elements commonly present in the human environment. Due to its characteristics, it is very widely used in medicine, dentistry, industry or agriculture. On the other hand, its universality possesses a real threat to the human body in the [...] Read more.
Fluoride is one of the elements commonly present in the human environment. Due to its characteristics, it is very widely used in medicine, dentistry, industry or agriculture. On the other hand, its universality possesses a real threat to the human body in the form of acute and chronic poisoning. The aim of this paper is to characterize the properties of fluoride and its effects on the human body, as well as the sources of its occurrence. Particular emphasis is placed on the safety of its use and optimal dosage intake, which prevents accumulation and reduces its potential side effects. The positive effect of proper fluoride supply is widely described. In order to avoid overdose, it is best to consult a specialist to properly select the dosage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Elements Content and Release from Tissues and Biomaterials In Vivo and In Vitro)
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