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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Porous Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2023) | Viewed by 22326

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Prof. Dr. Anatoliy Pavlenko

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Faculty of Environmental, Geomatic and Energy Engineering Kielce University of Technology, Al. Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7, 25-314 Kielce, Poland
Interests: heat and mass transfer in disperse systems; thermodynamics of nonequilibrium processes; quasi-stationary thermodynamic equilibrium; heat transfer in boiling liquid mixtures
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Dear Colleagues,

In this Special Issue entitled “Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials”, achievements in experimental and computational studies of combined heat and mass transfer in porous media through the use of modern physical methods and models will be presented.

This problem is considered as one of the complex and significant fundamental courses of modern science, and has important applied relevance.

Original documents are requested for all scientific advances in the study of physicochemical processes in porous media.

For instance, this includes studies of heat and mass transfer processes in:

heat pipes (micro-heat, sorption and pulsating heat pipes with longitudinal grooves, micro- and nanoscale porous coatings, long heat pipes, vapourdynamic thermosyphons, etc.); in sorption cooling or heating systems; in mini-channels with porous nanocoating; in catalytic systems based on metals and metal-oxide porous materials, etc.

We also welcome studies on heat transfer enhancement in heat exchanger mini- and micro-channels, and on the practical use of heat pipes and thermosyphons.

Recent developments in the optimization of the platelet structure of materials used in various branches of technology for heat and mass transfer processes in porous spaces saturated with liquid or gas (evaporation, condensation, capillary transport, etc.) are of special interest.

Articles and reviews on the study of internal mechanisms of mass and energy transfer in porous media, including predictions and efficiency assessment of porous materials used in various branches of engineering and technology, would be an asset.

Prof. Dr. Anatoliy Pavlenko
Guest Editor

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Keywords

thermal conductivity
mass transfer
porous materials
phase transitions
platelet structure

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Related Special Issue

Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials (Volume II) in Materials (3 articles)

Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 10101 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Constitutive Correlations for Mass Transport in Fibrous Media Based on Asymptotic Homogenization

by Lukas Maier, Lars Kufferath-Sieberin, Leon Pauly, Manuel Hopp-Hirschler, Götz T. Gresser and Ulrich Nieken

Materials 2023, 16(5), 2014; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16052014 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1633

Abstract

Mass transport in textiles is crucial. Knowledge of effective mass transport properties of textiles can be used to improve processes and applications where textiles are used. Mass transfer in knitted and woven fabrics strongly depends on the yarn used. In particular, the permeability and effective diffusion coefficient of yarns are of interest. Correlations are often used to estimate the mass transfer properties of yarns. These correlations commonly assume an ordered distribution, but here we demonstrate that an ordered distribution leads to an overestimation of mass transfer properties. We therefore address the impact of random ordering on the effective diffusivity and permeability of yarns and show that it is important to account for the random arrangement of fibers in order to predict mass transfer. To do this, Representative Volume Elements are randomly generated to represent the structure of yarns made from continuous filaments of synthetic materials. Furthermore, parallel, randomly arranged fibers with a circular cross-section are assumed. By solving the so-called cell problems on the Representative Volume Elements, transport coefficients can be calculated for given porosities. These transport coefficients, which are based on a digital reconstruction of the yarn and asymptotic homogenization, are then used to derive an improved correlation for the effective diffusivity and permeability as a function of porosity and fiber diameter. At porosities below 0.7, the predicted transport is significantly lower under the assumption of random ordering. The approach is not limited to circular fibers and may be extended to arbitrary fiber geometries. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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18 pages, 5724 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Design Concepts and Performance Characterization of Heat Pipe Wick Structures by LPBF Additive Manufacturing

by Konstantin Kappe, Michael Bihler, Katharina Morawietz, Philipp P. C. Hügenell, Aron Pfaff and Klaus Hoschke

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8930; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248930 - 14 Dec 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2624

Abstract

Additive manufacturing offers a wide range of possibilities for the design and optimization of lightweight and application-tailored structures. The great design freedom of the Laser Powder Bed Fusion (LPBF) manufacturing process enables new design and production concepts for heat pipes and their internal wick structures, using various metallic materials. This allows an increase in heat pipe performance and a direct integration into complex load-bearing structures. An important influencing factor on the heat pipe performance is the internal wick structures. The complex and filigree geometry of such structures is challenging in regards to providing high manufacturing quality at a small scale and varying orientations during the printing process. In this work, new wick concepts have been developed, where the design was either determined by the geometrical parameters, the process parameters, or their combination. The wick samples were additively manufactured with LPBF technology using the lightweight aluminum alloy Scalmalloy^®. The influence of the process parameters, geometrical design, and printing direction was investigated by optical microscopy, and the characteristic wick performance parameters were determined by porosimetry and rate-of-rise measurements. They showed promising results for various novel wick concepts and indicated that additive manufacturing could be a powerful manufacturing method to further increase the performance and flexibility of heat pipes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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14 pages, 1326 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Free Convection and Heat Transfer in Porous Ground Massif during Ground Heat Exchanger Operation

by Borys Basok, Borys Davydenko, Hanna Koshlak and Volodymyr Novikov

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4843; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144843 - 12 Jul 2022

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1802

Abstract

Heat pumps are the ideal solution for powering new passive and low-energy buildings, as geothermal resources provide buildings with heat and electricity almost continuously throughout the year. Among geothermal technologies, heat pump systems with vertical well heat exchangers have been recognized as one of the most energy-efficient solutions for space heating and cooling in residential and commercial buildings. A large number of scientific studies have been devoted to the study of heat transfer in and around the ground heat exchanger. The vast majority of them were performed by numerical simulation of heat transfer processes in the soil massif–heat pump system. To analyze the efficiency of a ground heat exchanger, it is fundamentally important to take into account the main factors that can affect heat transfer processes in the soil and the external environment of vertical ground heat exchangers. In this work, numerical simulation methods were used to describe a mathematical model of heat transfer processes in a porous soil massif and a U-shaped vertical heat exchanger. The purpose of these studies is to determine the influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the performance characteristics of soil heat exchangers. To study these problems, numerical modeling of hydrodynamic processes and heat transfer in a soil massif was performed under the condition that the pores were filled only with liquid. The influence of the filtration properties of the soil as a porous medium on the characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger was studied. The dependence of the energy characteristics of the operation of a soil heat exchanger and a heat pump on a medium with which the pores are filled, as well as on the porosity of the soil and the size of its particles, was determined. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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12 pages, 21467 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Magnetic Induction Assisted Heating Technique in Hydrothermal Zeolite Synthesis

by Supak Tontisirin, Chantaraporn Phalakornkule, Worawat Sa-ngawong and Supachai Sirisawat

Materials 2022, 15(2), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020689 - 17 Jan 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2433

Abstract

The magnetic induction assisted technique is an alternative heating method for hydrothermal zeolite synthesis with a higher heat-transfer rate than that of the conventional convection oil bath technique. The research demonstrates, for the first time, the application of the magnetic induction heating technique with direct surface contact for zeolite synthesis. The magnetic induction enables direct contact between the heat source and the reactor, thereby bypassing the resistance of the heating medium layer. A comparative heat-transfer analysis between the two methods shows the higher heat-transfer rate by the magnetic induction heating technique is due to (1) eight-time higher overall heat-transfer coefficient, attributed to the absence of the resistance of the heating medium layer and (2) the higher temperature difference between the heating source and the zeolite gel. Thereby, this heating technique shows promise for application in the large-scale synthesis of zeolites due to its associated efficient heat transfer. Thus, it can provide more flexibility to the synthesis method under the non-stirred condition, which can create possibilities for the successful large-scale synthesis of a broad range of zeolites. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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17 pages, 39829 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Influence of Loop Heat Pipe Evaporator Porous Structure Parameters and Charge on Its Effectiveness for Ethanol and Water as Working Fluids

by Krzysztof Blauciak, Pawel Szymanski and Dariusz Mikielewicz

Materials 2021, 14(22), 7029; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14227029 - 19 Nov 2021

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2022

Abstract

This paper presents the results of experiments carried out on a specially designed experimental rig designed for the study of capillary pressure generated in the Loop Heat Pipe (LHP) evaporator. The commercially available porous structure made of sintered stainless steel constitutes the wick. Three different geometries of the porous wicks were tested, featuring the pore radius of 1, 3 and 7 µm. Ethanol and water as two different working fluids were tested at three different evaporator temperatures and three different installation charges. The paper firstly presents distributions of generated pressure in the LHP, indicating that the capillary pressure difference is generated in the porous structure. When installing with a wick that has a pore size of 1 μm and water as a working fluid, the pressure difference can reach up to 2.5 kPa at the installation charge of 65 mL. When installing with a wick that has a pore size of 1 μm and ethanol as a working fluid, the pressure difference can reach up to 2.1 kPa at the installation charge of 65 mL. The integral characteristics of the LHP were developed, namely, the mass flow rate vs. applied heat flux for both fluids. The results show that water offers larger pressure differences for developing the capillary pressure effect in the installation in comparison to ethanol. Additionally, this research presents the feasibility of manufacturing inexpensive LHPs with filter medium as a wick material and its influence on the LHP’s thermal performance. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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11 pages, 4961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Holes Manufacture Technology on Perforated Plate Aerodynamics

by Joanna Grzelak and Ryszard Szwaba

Materials 2021, 14(21), 6624; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216624 - 3 Nov 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1826

Abstract

Transpiration flow is a very important and still open subject in many technical applications. Perforated walls are useful for the purpose of “flow control”, as well as for the cooling of walls and blades (effusive cooling) in gas turbines. We are still not able to include large numbers of holes in the numerical calculations and therefore we need physical models. Problems are related also to the quality of the holes in perforated plates. The present transpiration analysis concerns with experimental investigations of the air flow through perforated plates with microholes of 125 and 300 µm diameters. A good accordance of the results with other experiments, simulations and theory was obtained. The received results very clearly show that technology manufacturing of plate holes influences on their aerodynamic characteristics. It turned out that the quality of the plate microholes using laser technology and, consequently, the shape of the hole, can affect the flow losses. Therefore, this effect was investigated and the flow characteristics in both directions were measured, i.e., for two plate settings. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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10 pages, 4005 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Studies on Carbon Materials Produced from Salts with Anions Containing Carbon Atoms for Carbon Paste Electrode

by Katarzyna Skrzypczyńska, Andrzej Świątkowski, Ryszard Diduszko and Lidia Dąbek

Materials 2021, 14(10), 2480; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102480 - 11 May 2021

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1679

Abstract

In the presented work, the properties of carbon materials obtained in the reaction of sodium bicarbonate (C-SB) and ammonium oxalate (C-AO) with magnesium by combustion synthesis were investigated. For the materials obtained in this way, the influence of the type of precursor on their properties was analyzed, including: Degree of crystallinity, porous structure, surface topography, and electrochemical properties. It has been shown that the products obtained in magnesiothermic process were found to contain largely the turbostratic carbon forming a petal-like graphene material. Both materials were used as modifiers of carbon paste electrodes, which were then used to determine the concentration of chlorophenol solutions by voltammetric method. It was shown that the peak current determined from the registered differential pulse voltammograms was mainly influenced by the volume of mesopores and the adsorption capacity of 4-chlorophenol for both obtained carbons. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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9 pages, 1787 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Improving the Efficiency of Non-Stationary Climate Control in Buildings with a Non-Constant Stay of People by Using Porous Materials

by Alexander Shkarovskiy and Shirali Mamedov

Materials 2021, 14(9), 2307; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092307 - 29 Apr 2021

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1747

Abstract

This article presents the results of experimental research on the non-stationary management of the internal climate of buildings with a non-constant stay of people. During the absence of people, a significant drop in air temperature and corresponding energy conservation in heating is possible. The effectiveness of porous building materials is shown, provided that the appropriate characteristics are selected. Daily fluctuations in the outside temperature are completely extinguished by a layer of foam polystyrene insulation. The absence of channel porosity in the structural material of the wall is a guarantee of the stability of its thermal and humidity regime. This, in turn, prevents the development of mold and mildew. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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21 pages, 3858 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Numerical Network Modeling of Heat and Moisture Transfer through Capillary-Porous Building Materials

by Borys Basok, Borys Davydenko and Anatoliy M. Pavlenko

Materials 2021, 14(8), 1819; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14081819 - 7 Apr 2021

Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2207

Abstract

The article presents the modeling of the dynamics of the vapor-gas mixture and heat and mass transfer (sorption-desorption) in the capillary structure of the porous medium. This approach is underpinned by the fact that the porous structure is represented by a system of linear microchannels oriented along the axes of a three-dimensional coordinate system. The equivalent diameter of these channels corresponds to the average pore diameter, and the ratio of the total pore volume to the volume of the entire porous material corresponds to its porosity. The entire channel area is modeled by a set of cubic elements with a certain humidity, moisture content, pressure and temperature. A simulation is carried out taking into account the difference in temperatures of each of the phases: solid, liquid and gas. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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11 pages, 2734 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adsorptive and Electrochemical Properties of Carbon Nanotubes, Activated Carbon, and Graphene Oxide with Relatively Similar Specific Surface Area

by Krzysztof Kuśmierek, Andrzej Świątkowski, Katarzyna Skrzypczyńska and Lidia Dąbek

Materials 2021, 14(3), 496; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14030496 - 21 Jan 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2120

Abstract

Three carbon materials with a highly diversified structure and at the same time much less different porosity were selected for the study: single-walled carbon nanotubes, heat-treated activated carbon, and reduced graphene oxide. These materials were used for the adsorption of 2,4-D herbicide from aqueous solutions and in its electroanalytical determination. Both the detection of this type of contamination and its removal from the water are important environmental issues. It is important to identify which properties of carbon materials play a significant role. The specific surface area is the major factor. On the other hand, the presence of oxygen bound to the carbon surface in the case of contact with an organochlorine compound had a negative effect. The observed regularities concerned both adsorption and electroanalysis with the use of the carbon materials applied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Heat and Mass Transfer in Porous Materials)

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