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Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II
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Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomaterials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 April 2023) | Viewed by 14548

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Eugenio Velasco-Ortega

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Comprehensive Dentistry. Master in Implant Dentistry. School of Dentistry, University of Seville, 41009 Seville, Spain
Interests: oral implantology; dental implantology; dental implants; dentistry
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The introduction of new materials in implant dentistry and regenerative medicine has contributed to the development of this field of health sciences. Today, the use of dental implants is a common treatment of totally and partially edentulous patients. The characterization of the macroscopic design and microscopic surface of dental implants has improved the biologic mechanisms of osseointegration. Assessing biomechanical behavior and the functional responses of components of prosthetic dental implants is very important for the long-term clinical success. Moreover, the experimental research and the clinical applications of materials in regenerative dentistry, such as bone grafts and substitutes (i.e., xenografts, alografts, aloplastic), have increased the healing of hard and soft tissues after surgery of bone defects and have reduced the treatment times of patients.

I invite you to submit research papers and systemic reviews within the scope of this Special Issue. Original contributions can range from having a scientific basis to experimental studies and clinical applications of materials in implant dentistry and regenerative medicine.

Prof. Dr. Eugenio Velasco-Ortega
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • titanium
  • macroscopic design of dental implants
  • implant titanium surface
  • resistance of implant materials
  • biomechanical behaviour of dental implants
  • cellular adhesion in implant surface
  • animal research of implant materials
  • bone substitutes
  • bone regeneration
  • bone grafts
  • stem cells in regenerative medicine
  • clinical applications of dental implants
  • clinical applications of bone regeneration

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 1774 KiB  
Article
Relevant Aspects of Titanium Topography for Osteoblastic Adhesion and Inhibition of Bacterial Colonization
by Raquel Rodriguez-González, Loreto Monsalve-Guil, Alvaro Jimenez-Guerra, Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, Jesus Moreno-Muñoz, Enrique Nuñez-Marquez, Roman A. Pérez, Javier Gil and Ivan Ortiz-Garcia
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3553; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093553 - 5 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1413
Abstract
The influence of the surface topography of dental implants has been studied to optimize titanium surfaces in order to improve osseointegration. Different techniques can be used to obtain rough titanium, however, their effect on wettability, surface energy, as well as bacterial and cell [...] Read more.
The influence of the surface topography of dental implants has been studied to optimize titanium surfaces in order to improve osseointegration. Different techniques can be used to obtain rough titanium, however, their effect on wettability, surface energy, as well as bacterial and cell adhesion and differentiation has not been studied deeply. Two-hundred disks made of grade 4 titanium were subjected to different treatments: machined titanium (MACH), acid-attacked titanium (AE), titanium sprayed with abrasive alumina particles under pressure (GBLAST), and titanium that has been treated with GBLAST and then subjected to AE (GBLAST + AE). The roughness of the different treatments was determined by confocal microscopy, and the wettability was determined by the sessile drop technique; then, the surface energy of each treatment was calculated. Osteoblast-like cells (SaOs-2) were cultured, and alkaline phosphatase was determined using a colorimetric test. Likewise, bacterial strains S. gordonii, S. oralis, A. viscosus, and E. faecalis were cultured, and proliferation on the different surfaces was determined. It could be observed that the roughness of the GBLAST and GBLAS + AE was higher, at 1.99 and 2.13 μm of Ra, with respect to the AE and MACH samples, which were 0.35 and 0.20 μm, respectively. The abrasive treated surfaces showed lower hydrophilicity but lower surface energy. Significant differences could be seen at 21 days between SaOS-2 osteoblastic cell adhesion for the blasted ones and higher osteocalcin levels. However, no significant differences in terms of bacterial proliferation were observed between the four surfaces studied, demonstrating the insensitivity of bacteria to topography. These results may help in the search for the best topographies for osteoblast behavior and for the inhibition of bacterial colonization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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11 pages, 2793 KiB  
Article
Impact of a Static Magnetic Field on Early Osseointegration: A Pilot Study in Canines
by Roberta Michels, Carina Kampleitner, Toni Dobsak, Kevin Doppelmayer, Patrick Heimel, Stefan Lettner, Stefan Tangl, Reinhard Gruber and César Augusto Magalhães Benfatti
Materials 2023, 16(5), 1846; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051846 - 23 Feb 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1552
Abstract
A static magnetic field generated by neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnets placed in the inner cavity of dental implants can enhance bone regeneration in rabbits. It is, however, unknown whether static magnetic fields support osseointegration in a canine model. We therefore determined the potential osteogenic [...] Read more.
A static magnetic field generated by neodymium–iron–boron (NdFeB) magnets placed in the inner cavity of dental implants can enhance bone regeneration in rabbits. It is, however, unknown whether static magnetic fields support osseointegration in a canine model. We therefore determined the potential osteogenic effect of implants carrying NdFeB magnets inserted in the tibia of six adult canines in the early stages of osseointegration. Here, we report that after 15 days of healing, magnetic and regular implants showed a high variation with a median new bone-to-implant contact (nBIC) in the cortical (41.3% and 7.3%) and the medullary (28.6% and 44.8%) region, respectively. Consistently, the median new bone volume/tissue volume (nBV/TV) in the cortical (14.9% and 5.4%) and the medullary (22.2% and 22.4%) region were not significantly different. One week of healing only resulted in negligible bone formation. These findings suggest that considering the large variation and the pilot nature of this study, magnetic implants failed to support peri-implant bone formation in a canine model. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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21 pages, 3240 KiB  
Article
Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study
by Anna Wawrzyk, Mansur Rahnama, Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel, Sławomir Wilczyński, Beata Gutarowska, Adam Konka, Dagmara Zeljas and Michał Łobacz
Materials 2022, 15(17), 5890; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15175890 - 26 Aug 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2196
Abstract
The paper presents the optimization of diode laser irradiation of corroded dental implants in order to reduce the number of microorganisms associated peri-implantitis. The research included the identification of microorganisms on the surface of removed dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis and the [...] Read more.
The paper presents the optimization of diode laser irradiation of corroded dental implants in order to reduce the number of microorganisms associated peri-implantitis. The research included the identification of microorganisms on the surface of removed dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis and the assessment of the biocidal effectiveness of the diode laser against these microorganisms. Laser desorption/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify microorganisms and metagens were examined by next generation sequencing (NGS). Irradiation was performed with a diode laser with a wavelength of λ = 810, operating mode: 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 μs, average = 3.84 W with the number of repetitions t = 2 × 15 s and t = 3 × 15 s. The structure and surface roughness of the implants were analysed before and after laser irradiation by optical profilometry and optical microscopy with confocal fixation. In total, 16 species of Gram-positive bacteria and 23 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified on the surface of the implants. A total of 25 species of anaerobic bacteria and 12 species with corrosive potential were detected. After diode laser irradiation, the reduction in bacteria on the implants ranged from 88.85% to 100%, and the reduction in fungi from 87.75% to 96.77%. The reduction in microorganisms in the abutment was greater than in the endosseous fixture. The applied laser doses did not damage, but only cleaned the surface of the titanium implants. After 8 years of embedding, the removed titanium implant showed greater roughness than the 25-year-old implant, which was not exposed to direct influence of the oral cavity environment. The use of a diode laser in an optimised irradiation dose safely reduces the number of microorganisms identified on corroded dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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9 pages, 1099 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Treatment Outcomes of Implant Prostheses in Partially and Totally Edentulous Patients
by Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, Inmaculada del Rocío Jiménez-Martin, Jesús Moreno-Muñoz, Enrique Núñez-Márquez, José Luis Rondón-Romero, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Iván Ortiz-García, José López-López and Loreto Monsalve-Guil
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4910; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144910 - 14 Jul 2022
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2208
Abstract
Implant dental therapy is a clinical procedure used for treating patients with tooth loss with known clinical success. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants in partially and totally edentulous patients. A total of 544 Microdent (Microdent [...] Read more.
Implant dental therapy is a clinical procedure used for treating patients with tooth loss with known clinical success. This clinical study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes of dental implants in partially and totally edentulous patients. A total of 544 Microdent (Microdent SU, Implant Microdent System®, Santa Eulàlia de Ronçana Barcelona, Spain) screw implants were placed in 111 patients using a two-stage surgical technique and a conventional loading protocol (lasting 3 months). Implant and prosthetic clinical findings were evaluated during a 15-year follow-up. A total of 6 implants were lost during the healing period, and 124 prostheses were placed over the 538 implants that remained: 20 single crowns, 52 partially fixed bridges, 45 full-arch fixed restorations, and 7 overdentures. A total of 20 of these were lost during the follow-up period. The cumulative survival rate for all implants was 96.4%. The data underwent statistical analysis (significance level: p < 0.05). The mean marginal bone loss was 1.82 ± 0.54 mm, ranging from 1.2 to 3.1 mm. The most frequent complications were mechanical prosthodontic complications (16.2%). In all, 11.8% of implants showed periimplantitis as the primary biological complication. Dental implants inserted in both the maxillary and mandibular areas produce long-term favorable outcomes and stable tissue conditions when a delayed loading protocol is followed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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13 pages, 7241 KiB  
Article
Effects of Osseodensification on Immediate Implant Placement: Retrospective Analysis of 211 Implants
by Márcio de Carvalho Formiga, Kinga Grzech-Leśniak, Vittorio Moraschini, Jamil Awad Shibli and Rodrigo Neiva
Materials 2022, 15(10), 3539; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103539 - 15 May 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3672
Abstract
Osseodensification is a new method of bone instrumentation for dental implant placement that preserves bulk bone and increases primary implant stability, and may accelerate the implant rehabilitation treatment period and provide higher success and survival rates than conventional methods. The aim of this [...] Read more.
Osseodensification is a new method of bone instrumentation for dental implant placement that preserves bulk bone and increases primary implant stability, and may accelerate the implant rehabilitation treatment period and provide higher success and survival rates than conventional methods. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate and discuss results obtained on immediate implant placement with immediate and delayed loading protocols under Osseodensification bone instrumentation. This study included private practice patients that required dental implant rehabilitation, between February 2017 and October 2019. All implants were placed under Osseodensification and had to be in function for at least 12 months to be included on the study. A total of 211 implants were included in the study, with a 98.1% total survival rate (97.9% in the maxilla and 98.5% in the mandible). For immediate implants with immediate load, 99.2% survival rate was achieved, and 100% survival rate for immediate implant placement without immediate load cases. A total of four implants were lost during this period, and all of them were lost within two months after placement. Within the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that Osseodensification bone instrumentation provided similar or better results on survival rates than conventional bone instrumentation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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11 pages, 1472 KiB  
Systematic Review
The Application of Beta-Tricalcium Phosphate in Implant Dentistry: A Systematic Evaluation of Clinical Studies
by Elisabet Roca-Millan, Enric Jané-Salas, Antonio Marí-Roig, Álvaro Jiménez-Guerra, Iván Ortiz-García, Eugenio Velasco-Ortega, José López-López and Loreto Monsalve-Guil
Materials 2022, 15(2), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15020655 - 16 Jan 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2559
Abstract
The demand for synthetic graft materials in implant dentistry is rising. This systematic review aims to evaluate the survival rate of dental implants placed simultaneously with bone regeneration procedures using the material β-tricalcium phosphate, one of the most promising synthetic graft materials. The [...] Read more.
The demand for synthetic graft materials in implant dentistry is rising. This systematic review aims to evaluate the survival rate of dental implants placed simultaneously with bone regeneration procedures using the material β-tricalcium phosphate, one of the most promising synthetic graft materials. The electronic search was conducted in PubMed, Scielo, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Five randomized clinical trials, one non-randomized controlled clinical trial and four observational studies without control group were include. Implant survival rate and other clinical, radiographic, and histological parameters did not differ from those of implants placed simultaneously with another type of graft material, or placed in blood clots or natural alveolar ridges. Based on the available literature, β-tricalcium phosphate seems to be a promising graft material in implant dentistry. Nevertheless, more randomized clinical trials, with long follow-up periods, preoperative and postoperative CBCT, and histological analysis, are necessary to assess its long-term behavior. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Materials in Implant Dentistry and Regenerative Medicine Volume II)
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