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Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys

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A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Mechanics of Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2023) | Viewed by 14002

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Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Fuping Yuan

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
Interests: deformation mechanisms of advanced metals and alloys; dynamic behaviors of advanced metals and alloys

Prof. Dr. Muxin Yang

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Guest Editor

State Key Laboratory of Nonlinear Mechanics, Institute of Mechanics, CAS, Beijing 100190, China
Interests: extra hardening and toughening mechanisms induced by tailoring heterogeneous (multiscale, hierarchical, multiphase, and metastable) microstructures in ultrahigh-strength metallic materials; R&D on new-type multi-principal element alloys

Prof. Dr. Xiaolong Liu

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Guest Editor

School of Mechanical Electronic & Control Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China
Interests: structural reliability of railway structures (Axle, bearing, wheel and brake disc); high-cycle and very-high-cycle fatigue of high-strength alloys and tianium alloys; strengthening and toughening of gradient nanocrystalline materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metallic structural materials have a wide application in the fields of automotive, rail, marine, and aerospace industry. The strength-ductility paradox has been a long-sought challenge for the metallic structural materials when strength is increased by grain refinement or cold working in the conventional homogeneous microstructure. Over the past few decades, advanced metals and alloys with superior mechanical properties have been rapidly developed, and mechanical behaviors for these advanced metals and alloys have been studied.

Advanced metals and alloys are generally obtained by tailoring microstructure or novel composition design, for achieving unprecedented mechanical properties. The aforementioned unique properties of these advanced metals and alloys originate from the synergistic effect by trans-scale microstructures, which are based on the stress–strain gradient, geometry necessary dislocations, the interaction of dislocations with new structures, and unique interfacial behavior. To date, advanced metals and alloys with heterogeneous microstructure or novel composition design have opened an avenue towards resolving the strength–ductility paradox and for understanding the relationship between superior mechanical properties and trans-scale microstructures.

The purpose of the present Special Issue is to elucidate the state-of-art of this growing research field from a fundamental and application perspective. Recent advances on mechanical properties/performance and mechanism of advanced metals and alloys would be emphasized, including strength–ductility synergy, tensile behaviors, impact behaviors, fatigue and fracture behaviors, as well as friction and wear behaviors. Because of your expertise in these fields, we cordially invite you to contribute a paper to this Special Issue. Experimental studies and simulation/modeling work are both encouraged and welcomed. The deadline for submission is 20 December 2022.

Prof. Dr. Fuping Yuan
Prof. Dr. Muxin Yang
Prof. Dr. Xiaolong Liu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

advanced metals and alloys
microstructures
mechanical properties
deformation mechanisms
strength
ductility
simulation and modeling
strain hardening

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 9107 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Influence of Microalloying on the Microstructures and Properties of Spalling-Resistant Wheel Steel

by Tao Cong, Bo Jiang, Qiang Zou and Sancheng Yao

Materials 2023, 16(5), 1972; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16051972 - 28 Feb 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1447

Abstract

Microalloyed steels have emerged to replace conventional plain-carbon steels to achieve longer wheel life on Chinese railroads. In this work, with the aim of preventing spalling, a mechanism that consists of ratcheting and shakedown theory correlated with steel properties is systematically investigated. Mechanical and ratcheting tests were carried out for microalloyed wheel steel to which vanadium was added in the range of 0–0.15 wt.% and the results were compared with that obtained for conventional plain-carbon wheel steel. The microstructure and precipitation were characterized via microscopy. As a result, the grain size was not obviously refined, and the pearlite lamellar spacing decreased from 148 nm to 131 nm in microalloyed wheel steel. Moreover, an increase in the number of vanadium carbide precipitates was observed, which were mainly dispersed and uneven, and precipitated in the pro-eutectoid ferrite region, in contrast to the observation of lower precipitation in the pearlite. It has been found that vanadium addition can lead to an increase in yield strength by precipitation strengthening, with no reduction or increase in tensile strength, elongation or hardness. The ratcheting strain rate for microalloyed wheel steel was determined to be lower than that for plain-carbon wheel steel via asymmetrical cyclic stressing tests. An increase in the pro-eutectoid ferrite content leads to beneficial wear, which can diminish spalling and surface-initiated RCF. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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15 pages, 7923 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Study on Surface Integrity and Fatigue Properties of TC4 Titanium Alloy by Surface Ultrasonic Rolling

by Xiaotong Zhu, Pengtao Liu, Chi Zhang, Hao Liang and Jun Hua

Materials 2023, 16(2), 485; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16020485 - 4 Jan 2023

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2234

Abstract

In this paper, the influence of a surface ultrasonic rolling process on the surface integrity of TC4 titanium alloy and its influence on the fatigue properties were studied. By comparing and analyzing the surface roughness, microhardness, residual stress, microstructure, and fatigue fracture, the surface strengthening and modification mechanism of TC4 titanium alloy is discussed. The results show that the surface roughness of titanium alloy is observably decreased after the suitable surface ultrasonic rolling process, and the maximum Ra value can be reduced to 0.052 μm. The axial residual stress on the specimen surface can be increased to −685 MPa. The hardening rate of the surface hardness of the sample was 35%. The residual compressive stress and hardness of the sample surface increased with the increase of static pressure. However, the increase of feed rate and rational speed was less. After surface ultrasonic rolling, the sample surface exhibited obvious grain refinement, the number of high-angle boundaries increased to include the formation of nano-equiaxed grains. The fatigue strength increased by 52% from 280 MPa to 425 MPa. Under 450 MPa, the fatigue life of samples with SUR 2 was the highest, at about 7.7 times that of the original samples. The surface integrity of titanium alloy samples after surface ultrasonic rolling treatment is greatly improved, which is the reason for the significant increase in fatigue life of the samples. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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15 pages, 7213 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Tensile Behavior, Constitutive Model, and Deformation Mechanisms of MarBN Steel at Various Temperatures and Strain Rates

by Yifan Cai, Quanyi Wang, Meng Liu, Yunqing Jiang, Tongfei Zou, Yunru Wang, Qingsong Li, Yubing Pei, Hong Zhang, Yongjie Liu and Qingyuan Wang

Materials 2022, 15(24), 8745; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15248745 - 7 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1533

Abstract

To reduce harmful gas emission and improve the operational efficiency, advanced ultra-supercritical power plants put forward higher requirements on the high temperature mechanical properties of applied materials. In this paper, the tensile behavior and deformation mechanisms of MarBN steel are discussed at different strain rates (5 × 10⁻³ s⁻¹, 5 × 10⁻⁴ s⁻¹, and 5 × 10⁻⁵ s⁻¹) under room temperature and 630 °C. The results show that the tensile behavior of the alloy is dependent on temperature and strain rate, which derived from the balance between the average dislocation velocity and dislocation density. Furthermore, observed dynamic recrystallized grains under severe deformation reveal the existence of dynamic recovery at 630 °C, which increases the elongation compared to room temperature. Finally, three typical constitutive equations are used to quantitatively describe the tensile deformation behavior of MarBN steel under different strain rates and temperatures. Meanwhile, the constitutive model of flow stress for MarBN steel is developed based on the hyperbolic sine law. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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14 pages, 28415 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Investigation on the Fatigue Crack Propagation of Medium-Entropy Alloys with Heterogeneous Microstructures

by Yang Liu, Ping Jiang, Guihua Duan, Jing Wang, Lingling Zhou and Jijia Xie

Materials 2022, 15(17), 6081; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15176081 - 1 Sep 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1602

Abstract

The behavior and the mechanism of fatigue crack propagation in CrCoNi medium-entropy alloys (MEAs) with heterogeneous microstructures were investigated in this paper. After cold-rolling and recrystallization annealing at different temperatures and times, five sets of heterostructured specimens were acquired with different recrystallization levels. Then, the structure characterizations of these five sets of specimens were carried out by nanoindentation testing and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) mapping. Finally, the fatigue crack propagation tests were conducted on single edge crack specimens of these different heterogeneous microstructures. The experimental results indicate that the crack propagation rates of specimens with partial recrystallization microstructures are higher than those with complete recrystallization microstructures, and the effect on fatigue crack thresholds of these specimens is the opposite. The fatigue cracks grow along the slip planes or twin boundaries in recrystallization grains (RGs), which induced crack deflections and the roughness-induced crack closure effect. For this reason, the area percentage of recrystallization and the grain size of RGs have a great effect on the value of the fatigue crack growth threshold. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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19 pages, 7236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Nonsingular Stress Distribution of Edge Dislocations near Zero-Traction Boundary

by Hiroyuki Shima, Takashi Sumigawa and Yoshitaka Umeno

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4929; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144929 - 15 Jul 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1924

Abstract

Among many types of defects present in crystalline materials, dislocations are the most influential in determining the deformation process and various physical properties of the materials. However, the mathematical description of the elastic field generated around dislocations is challenging because of various theoretical difficulties, such as physically irrelevant singularities near the dislocation-core and nontrivial modulation in the spatial distribution near the material interface. As a theoretical solution to this problem, in the present study, we develop an explicit formulation for the nonsingular stress field generated by an edge dislocation near the zero-traction surface of an elastic medium. The obtained stress field is free from nonphysical divergence near the dislocation-core, as compared to classical solutions. Because of the nonsingular property, our results allow the accurate estimation of the effect of the zero-traction surface on the near-surface stress distribution, as well as its dependence on the orientation of the Burgers vector. Finally, the degree of surface-induced modulation in the stress field is evaluated using the concept of the

L_{2}

-norm for function spaces and the comparison with the stress field in an infinitely large system without any surface. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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20 pages, 8725 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Study on the Influence of Defects on Fracture Mechanical Behavior of Cu/SAC305/Cu Solder Joint

by Sinan Zhang, Zhen Wang, Jie Wang, Guihua Duan and Haixia Li

Materials 2022, 15(14), 4756; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144756 - 7 Jul 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2017

Abstract

The fracture behavior of the Cu/Sn-3.0Ag-0.5Sn (SAC305)/Cu solder joint was investigated by conducting tensile tests with in situ X-ray micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) observation, and finite element (FE) simulation. The tensile fracture process of solder joints with a real internal defect structure was simulated and compared with the experimental results in terms of defect distribution and fracture path. Additionally, the stress distribution around the defects during the tensile process was calculated. The experimental results revealed that the pores near the intermetallic compound (IMC) layers and the flaky cracks inside the solder significantly affected the crack path. The aggregation degree of the spherical pores and the angle between the crack surface and the loading direction controlled the initiation position and propagation path of the cracks. The fracture morphology indicated that the fracture of the IMC layer was brittle, while the solder fracture exhibited ductile tearing. There were significant differences in the fracture morphology under tensile and shear loading. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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13 pages, 6019 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceArticle

Tensile Behaviors and Strain Hardening Mechanisms in a High-Mn Steel with Heterogeneous Microstructure

by Shengde Zhang, Yanke Liu, Jian Wang, Shuang Qin, Xiaolei Wu and Fuping Yuan

Materials 2022, 15(10), 3542; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15103542 - 15 May 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2374

Abstract

Heterogeneous structures with both heterogeneous grain structure and dual phases have been designed and obtained in a high-Mn microband-induced plasticity (MBIP) steel. The heterogeneous structures show better synergy of strength and ductility as compared to the homogeneous structures. Higher contribution of hetero-deformation induced hardening to the overall strain hardening was observed and higher density of geometrically necessary dislocations were found to be induced at various domain boundaries in the heterogeneous structures, resulting in higher extra strain hardening for the observed better tensile properties as compared to the homogeneous structures. MBIP effect is found to be still effective in the coarse austenite grains of heterogeneous structures, while the typical Taylor lattice structure and the formation of microband are not observed in the ultra-fine austenite grains of heterogeneous structures, indicating that decreasing grain size might inhibit the occurrence of microbands. High density of dislocation is also observed in the interiors of BCC grains, indicating that both phases are deformable and can accommodate plastic deformation. It is interesting to note that the deformation mechanisms are highly dependent on the phase and grain size for the present MBIP steel with heterogeneous structures. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanical Properties and Deformation Mechanisms of Advanced Metals and Alloys)

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