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Nanotechnologies in Textiles
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Nanotechnologies in Textiles

A special issue of Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This special issue belongs to the section "Smart Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2021) | Viewed by 22689

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Tomas Tamulevicius

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Physics, Kaunas University of Technology, Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: nanocomposites; nanoparticles; plasmonics; antimicrobial properties; laser micromachining; scaffolding; microanalysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The contemporary technologies used for textiles are struggling to meet societal demands and challenges, such as stain repellence, wrinkle-freeness, static elimination, smartwear compatibility, and sufficient electrical conductivity of fibers without compromising comfort and flexibility. This inevitably requires the development of new materials along with the associated deposition and/or processing methods. To bridge this gap, nanomaterials and heterogeneous composite materials with embedded nanoparticles and 2D materials are stepping in and providing the required functionalities and properties that have so far been elusive using other means, including antimicrobial properties, hydrophobic properties, handling of odors, controlled drug release, and response to external stimuli via electrical, color, or physiological signals without spoiling their durability. The conventional materials used in textiles could be produced in the form of nanofibers by use of novel methods like the electrospinning technique. The latter enables polymer-based nanofibers ‘loaded’ with different additives including nanoparticles, enzymes, drugs, or catalysts. Such technologies pave the way for the use of nanotextiles in a manifold of areas, including biomedical applications. Nanotextiles are already in use at an industrial level. The utilization of nanomaterials also raises the issue of risk factors including nanotoxicity, nanomaterial release during washing, and environmental impact of nanotextiles based on life cycle assessments.

Comprehensive knowledge of the methods and materials used for nanotextiles and their physical, chemical, mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and associated environmental issues requires a multidisciplinary approach. This Special Issue aims to stimulate researchers worldwide to share their most interesting and promising works in the field of nanotextiles and their emerging new applications. Original research articles, review articles, and significant preliminary communications are invited, with particular interest in articles describing current research trends and future perspectives in nanotextiles.

Prof. Dr. Tomas Tamulevicius
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Electrospun nanofibers and beyond
  • Nanoparticles in textiles
  • Carbon based nanomaterials for textiles
  • Characterization of nano-materials in textiles
  • Nanocomposites for textiles
  • Nanotextiles for scaffolding wound dressing and bedding
  • Textiles with antimicrobial properties
  • Nanotoxicity of textiles
  • Nanomaterials for controlled drug release in textiles
  • Textiles for energy generation and storage
  • Physical treatment and post processing of textiles
  • Fiber optics and photonics in textiles
  • Filtering of harmful UV radiation
  • Textiles for smartwear
  • Stimuli-responsive nanotextiles
  • Sensors and transducers in textiles
  • Nanomaterials for water permeability and odor handling

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 178 KiB  
Editorial
Nanotechnologies in Textiles
by Tomas Tamulevičius
Materials 2022, 15(4), 1466; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15041466 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1742
Abstract
Textiles, originally made from natural fiber materials, have thousands of years of history [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)

Research

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22 pages, 6065 KiB  
Article
Novel Green In Situ Synthesis of ZnO Nanoparticles on Cotton Using Pomegranate Peel Extract
by Anja Verbič, Martin Šala, Ivan Jerman and Marija Gorjanc
Materials 2021, 14(16), 4472; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14164472 - 10 Aug 2021
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4221
Abstract
This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP [...] Read more.
This work presents the novel and entirely green in situ synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NP) on cotton fabric. Pomegranate peel extract was used as a reducing agent and wood ash extract was used as an alkali source for the formation of ZnO-NP from zinc acetate. Four different synthesis methods, which varied in drying between immersion of fabric in the active solutions for synthesis and the use of padding and ultrasonication, were investigated to evaluate the most suitable one to achieve excellent ultraviolet (UV) protective properties of the functionalized textile. For comparison, the cotton fabrics were also functionalized with each active solution separately or in a combination of two (i.e., Zn-acetate and plant extract). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffractometry (XRD) analysis, and atomic force microscopy (AFM) confirm the successful formation of ZnO-NP on cotton. Among the synthesis methods, the method that included continuous drying of the samples between immersion in the active solutions for synthesis (Method 4) was found to be the most suitable to deliver uniformly impregnated cotton fibers with numerous small ZnO wurtzite structured crystals and excellent UV protection, with a UV protection factor of 154.0. This research presents an example of a green circular economy where a bio-waste material can be used to produce ZnO-NP directly on cotton at low temperatures and short treatment times without the addition of chemicals and enables the production of cellulosic fabrics with excellent UV protection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)
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18 pages, 3094 KiB  
Article
One Step In-Situ Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles for Multifunctional Cotton Fabrics
by Asif Javed, Jakub Wiener, Asta Tamulevičienė, Tomas Tamulevičius, Algirdas Lazauskas, Jana Saskova and Simas Račkauskas
Materials 2021, 14(14), 3956; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14143956 - 15 Jul 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3850
Abstract
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have acquired great significance in the textile sector due to their impressive efficiency and multifold utilization, such as antimicrobials, UV protection, photo catalytic activity, and self-cleaning. The aim of this work is in-situ growth of ZnO NPs on [...] Read more.
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have acquired great significance in the textile sector due to their impressive efficiency and multifold utilization, such as antimicrobials, UV protection, photo catalytic activity, and self-cleaning. The aim of this work is in-situ growth of ZnO NPs on 100% cotton fabrics with the one-step hydrothermal method for preparation of multifunctional textile with UV protecting, antibacterial, and photo catalytic properties. Sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and Zinc nitrate hexahydrate [Zn(NO3)2·6H2O] were used as reactants for the growth of zinc oxide on the 100% cotton fabrics. The loaded amount of Zn contents on the cotton fabric was determined by using induced coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES). The surface morphological characterization of deposited ZnO NPs was examined, employing scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and, Fourier- transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The characterization results showed the presence of ZnO NPs on cotton fabrics having hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structure. The synthesized ZnO NPs on fabrics exhibited promising results for antibacterial, UV protection, and photo catalytic performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)
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14 pages, 1924 KiB  
Article
Influence of Myrrh Extracts on the Properties of PLA Films and Melt-Spun Multifilament Yarns
by Evaldas Bolskis, Erika Adomavičiūtė, Egidijus Griškonis and Valdas Norvydas
Materials 2020, 13(17), 3824; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13173824 - 29 Aug 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2806
Abstract
A possible approach for providing new properties for textiles is the insertion of natural ingredients into the textile product during the process of its manufacture. Myrrh has long been used in medicine as an antibacterial and antifungal material. Polylactide (PLA) is a thermoplastic [...] Read more.
A possible approach for providing new properties for textiles is the insertion of natural ingredients into the textile product during the process of its manufacture. Myrrh has long been used in medicine as an antibacterial and antifungal material. Polylactide (PLA) is a thermoplastic synthetic biopolymer obtained from renewable resources—and due its biodegradability, is also widely used in medicine. In this study, films and multifilament yarns from modified biodegradable PLA granules with ethanolic and aqueous myrrh extracts were developed and characterized. Optical microscopy was used to determine the surface morphology of PLA/myrrh multifilament yarns. Tensile tests, ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were applied to determine, consequently, mechanical, optical properties and degree of crystallinity of PLA/myrrh films and multifilament yarns. The chemical composition of PLA/myrrh multifilament yarns was estimated by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy method. The results showed that it is possible to form PLA melt-spun multifilament yarns with myrrh extract. The type of myrrh extract (ethanolic or aqueous) has a significant influence on the mechanical and optical properties of the PLA films and melt-spun yarns. The mechanical properties of PLA films and melt-spun multifilament yarns formed from PLA granules with aqueous myrrh extract decreased 19% and 21% more than PLA with ethanolic extract, respectively. Analysis of UV-vis spectra showed that, due to the yellow hue, the reflectance of PLA films and melt-spun PLA multifilament yarns modified with myrrh extracts decreased exponentially. The DSC test showed that multifilament yarns from PLA modified with aqueous extract had the highest degree of crystallization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)
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14 pages, 5033 KiB  
Article
Preclinical Study of a Multi-Layered Antimicrobial Patch Based on Thin Nanocomposite Amorphous Diamond Like Carbon Films with Embedded Silver Nanoparticles
by Tadas Juknius, Indrė Juknienė, Tomas Tamulevičius, Modestas Ružauskas, Ina Pamparienė, Vaidas Oberauskas, Aušrinė Jurkevičiūtė, Andrius Vasiliauskas and Sigitas Tamulevičius
Materials 2020, 13(14), 3180; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143180 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2487
Abstract
A growing number of severe infections are related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, therefore, in recent years, alternative antimicrobial materials based on silver nanoparticles (NPs) attracted a lot of attention. In the current research, we present a medical patch prototype containing diamond-like carbon nanocomposite thin [...] Read more.
A growing number of severe infections are related to antibiotic-resistant bacteria, therefore, in recent years, alternative antimicrobial materials based on silver nanoparticles (NPs) attracted a lot of attention. In the current research, we present a medical patch prototype containing diamond-like carbon nanocomposite thin films doped with silver nanoparticles (DLC:Ag), as a source of silver ions, and an aqueous mass of the gelatin/agar mixture as a silver ion accumulation layer. The DLC:Ag thin films with 3.4 at.% of silver were deposited on synthetic silk employing reactive unbalanced DC magnetron sputtering of the silver target with argon ions performed in the acetylene gas atmosphere. The average size of the silver nanoparticles as defined by scanning electron microscope was 24 nm. After the film deposition, the samples were etched with RF oxygen plasma, aiming at efficient silver ion release in aqueous media from the nanocomposite film. In the patch prototype, a mixture of agar and gelatin was applied in silicone carrier with cavities, acting as a silver ion accumulation layer that further enhanced the antimicrobial efficiency. It was found that the DLC:Ag thin film on the silk after soaking in water for 24 h was able to release up to 4 ppm of Ag. The microbiological experiments using S. aureus bacteria were performed with the patch prototype and the silver ion saturated water, demonstrated the inactivation of 99% and 79% of bacteria, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed that silver NPs destroyed the bacteria cell and the bacteria affected by Ag ions had spots and perforated cell wall areas with cytoplasm leakage out was obtained. A preliminary preclinical study using the laboratory animals demonstrated that using the patch prototype, the methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA)-infected wound on skin surface healed faster compared with control and was able to kill all MRSA bacteria strains in the wound’s bed after 72 h of treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)
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Review

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24 pages, 6841 KiB  
Review
Progress in Flexible Electronic Textile for Heating Application: A Critical Review
by Md. Reazuddin Repon and Daiva Mikučionienė
Materials 2021, 14(21), 6540; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14216540 - 30 Oct 2021
Cited by 33 | Viewed by 6786
Abstract
Intelligent textiles are predicted to see a ‘surprising’ development in the future. The consequence of this revived interest has been the growth of industrial goods and the improvement of innovative methods for the incorporation of electrical features into textiles materials. Conductive textiles comprise [...] Read more.
Intelligent textiles are predicted to see a ‘surprising’ development in the future. The consequence of this revived interest has been the growth of industrial goods and the improvement of innovative methods for the incorporation of electrical features into textiles materials. Conductive textiles comprise conductive fibres, yarns, fabrics, and finished goods produced using them. Present perspectives to manufacture electrically conductive threads containing conductive substrates, metal wires, metallic yarns, and intrinsically conductive polymers. This analysis concentrates on the latest developments of electro-conductivity in the area of smart textiles and heeds especially to materials and their assembling processes. The aim of this work is to illustrate a potential trade-off between versatility, ergonomics, low energy utilization, integration, and heating properties. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanotechnologies in Textiles)
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