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Materials Investigations in Mechanical Systems
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Materials Investigations in Mechanical Systems

A topical collection in Materials (ISSN 1996-1944). This collection belongs to the section "Materials Physics".

Viewed by 29382

Editors

Prof. Dr. Jan Awrejcewicz

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
Interests: nonlinear dynamics; non-linear mechanics; control; biomechanics; mechatronics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Virgil-Florin Duma

E-Mail Website
Collection Editor
1. 3OM Optomechatronics Group, Faculty of Engineering, “Aurel Vlaicu” University of Arad, Arad, Romania
2. Department of Measurements and Optical Electronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications, and Information Technology, Polytechnic University of Timisoara, Timișoara, Romania
3. Center of Research and Development for Mechatronics, National University of Science and Technology POLITEHNICA, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: biomaterials; biomedical imaging; optical coherence tomography (OCT); biomechanics; dental medicine
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Topical Collection Information

Dear Colleagues,

Material studies play an essential role in all fields of mechanical and mechatronic engineering. They are performed with a wide range of methods, including analytical, numerical and experimental investigation and control. The aim of this Topical Collection is to provide a forum for high-impact researches performed in material studies considering most diverse applications that include but are not limited to mechanical engineerning, airplane and rocket industries, land and water transport, sensors modelling and fabrication, mechatronics, and robotics.

Of special interest are applications related to the strength of materials (with approaches that include finite element analysis (FEA)), and the characterization of mechanical parameters (the latter include nonmechanical methods, for example, optical methods). Development and testing of systems for performing material studies are also encouraged. Optimization problems based on such approaches are especially sought.    

The core interest of this SI relies on modelling, computation, and experimental investigation of engineering materials, with an emphasis on the mechanical static and dynamic characterization of their properties. The covered topics include metallic materials, composite materials, fibres, micro-/nano-scale martials, optical and magnetic materials, as well as materials used in biomechanics.

Articles promoting modern materials modelling and design based on the theoretical progress of both mechanics and material science offering modern avenues of application and technology are welcome.

Prof. Dr. Jan Awrejcewicz
Prof. Dr. Virgil-Florin Duma
Collection Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the collection website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Materials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Materials studies
  • Strength of materials
  • Finite element analysis (FEA)
  • Mechanical engineering
  • Numerical simulations
  • Experimental studies
  • Imaging techniques
  • Modeling of advanced materials.

Published Papers (10 papers)

Download All Papers

2023

Jump to: 2022, 2021, 2020

22 pages, 21287 KiB  
Article
Operational and Material Causes of High-Pressure Turbine Disc Damage in the RD-33 Engine
by Stanisław Jóźwiak, Adam Kozakiewicz, Stanisław Kachel and Dariusz Zasada
Materials 2023, 16(17), 5939; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16175939 - 30 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1262
Abstract
This paper presents an analysis of the causes of damage and fragmentation to the high-pressure turbine (HTP) disc of the RD-33 engine mounted in the MIG-29 aircraft. The authors have carried out an analysis of the changes to the structure of the disc [...] Read more.
This paper presents an analysis of the causes of damage and fragmentation to the high-pressure turbine (HTP) disc of the RD-33 engine mounted in the MIG-29 aircraft. The authors have carried out an analysis of the changes to the structure of the disc material, both in the areas containing cracks and in the undamaged areas. The impact of structural changes on the alterations in the analysed strength properties along the disc radius was assessed. Material tests were correlated with the analysis of the recorded engine parameters, indicating potential causes of the HPT disc fragmentation. Full article
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2022

Jump to: 2023, 2021, 2020

15 pages, 3394 KiB  
Article
Tribological Behavior of Friction Materials of a Disk-Brake Pad Braking System Affected by Structural Changes—A Review
by Filip Ilie and Andreea-Catalina Cristescu
Materials 2022, 15(14), 4745; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15144745 - 6 Jul 2022
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 5068
Abstract
For road safety, braking system performance has become a very important requirement for car vehicle manufacturers and passengers. To this end, vehicle designers must understand the characteristics of tribological behavior and the causes of their variation in properties. This paper analyzes the tribological [...] Read more.
For road safety, braking system performance has become a very important requirement for car vehicle manufacturers and passengers. To this end, vehicle designers must understand the characteristics of tribological behavior and the causes of their variation in properties. This paper analyzes the tribological behavior (at friction and wear) of the most recent material couples of the braking disk-pad system affected by their structural change through the implications on the braking system stability, reliability and suitable characterizations. Obtaining information to design a very efficient braking system and assessing the influence of the material’s structural changes on its stability has become a necessity. This has been made possible by using several methods of testing a brake disk-pad couple on various devices intended for this purpose. The materials of the contact surface disk-brake pad with their tribological performance (friction, wear), especially the friction coefficient, present particular importance. Also, system components’ reliability, heat transfer and the noise and vibration of the brake disk-pad couple are vital to the correct operation of the braking system and should be given special attention. The test results obtained define the friction patterns and the influence of structural changes and other environmental factors that can be used in computer analysis. Full article
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13 pages, 6364 KiB  
Article
Assessment of Strains Produced by Thermal Expansion in Printed Circuit Boards
by Alexandru Falk, Octavian Pop, Jérôme Dopeux and Liviu Marsavina
Materials 2022, 15(11), 3916; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15113916 - 31 May 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2291
Abstract
The paper proposed an alternative optical metrology to classical methods (strain gauge measurements and numerical simulation) for strain determination on printed circuit board (PCBs) due to thermal loads. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to record the strain distribution in some [...] Read more.
The paper proposed an alternative optical metrology to classical methods (strain gauge measurements and numerical simulation) for strain determination on printed circuit board (PCBs) due to thermal loads. The digital image correlation (DIC) technique was employed to record the strain distribution in some particular areas of the PCB. A thermal load was applied using a heating chamber, and the measurements were performed at four different temperature steps (25 °C, 50 °C, 85 °C and 120 °C). An increase in the principal strains with temperature was observed. For validation, the principal strains on the PCB obtained with DIC were compared with the values from gauge strain measurements and numerical simulation. The conclusions highlighted that DIC represents a technique with potential for strain measurement caused by thermal deformation, with the advantages of full field measurement, less preparation of the surface and good accuracy. Full article
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26 pages, 5968 KiB  
Review
Overview on the Evaluation of the Elastic Properties of Non-Carbon Nanotubes by Theoretical Approaches
by Jorge M. Antunes, André F. G. Pereira and Nataliya A. Sakharova
Materials 2022, 15(9), 3325; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15093325 - 5 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1995
Abstract
Low-dimensional structures, such as nanotubes, have been the focus of research interest for approximately three decades due to their potential for use in numerous applications in engineering and technology. In addition to extensive investigation of carbon nanotubes, those composed of elements other than [...] Read more.
Low-dimensional structures, such as nanotubes, have been the focus of research interest for approximately three decades due to their potential for use in numerous applications in engineering and technology. In addition to extensive investigation of carbon nanotubes, those composed of elements other than carbon, the so-called non-carbon nanotubes, have also begun to be studied, since they can be more suitable for electronic and optical nano-devices than their carbon counterparts. As in the case of carbon nanotubes, theoretical (numerical and analytical) approaches have been established predominantly to study non-carbon nanotubes. So far, most of work has dealt with the investigation of the structural and electrical properties of non-carbon nanotubes, paying less attention to the evaluation of their mechanical properties. As the understanding of the mechanical behaviour of the constituents is fundamental to ensure the effective performance of nanotube-based devices, this overview aims to analyse and systematize the literature results on the elastic properties of inorganic non-carbon nanotubes. Full article
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2021

Jump to: 2023, 2022, 2020

12 pages, 23987 KiB  
Article
Influence of Texture on the Mechanical Properties of a Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.9Sn Alloy Processed by ECAP
by Hong Xu, Zhi-Peng Guo, Ping-Yu Zhang, You Zhou and Pin-Kui Ma
Materials 2021, 14(10), 2664; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14102664 - 19 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2060
Abstract
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.9Sn alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at temperatures of 250 °C and 300 °C were investigated. It was found that the refinement of the microstructure was very dependent on the processing temperature. The [...] Read more.
The microstructure and mechanical properties of a Mg-6Al-1Zn-0.9Sn alloy processed by equal channel angular pressing (ECAP) at temperatures of 250 °C and 300 °C were investigated. It was found that the refinement of the microstructure was very dependent on the processing temperature. The main reason for the difference in grain refinement was the precipitation of secondary-phase particles. Texture information obtained by electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) showed the gradual formation of a 45° texture during the ECAP process, while the maximum intensity was different for processing temperatures at 250 °C and 300 °C. By calculating the contribution from different strengthening mechanisms, it was found that a 45° texture had a huge influence on grain boundary strengthening and thus the yield strength. Full article
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2020

Jump to: 2023, 2022, 2021

17 pages, 2425 KiB  
Article
Stability Improvement of Flexible Shallow Shells Using Neutron Radiation
by Anton V. Krysko, Jan Awrejcewicz, Irina V. Papkova and Vadim A. Krysko
Materials 2020, 13(14), 3187; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13143187 - 16 Jul 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1833
Abstract
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are increasingly playing a significant role in the aviation industry and space exploration. Moreover, there is a need to study the neutron radiation effect on the MEMS structural members and the MEMS devices reliability in general. Experiments with MEMS structural [...] Read more.
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) are increasingly playing a significant role in the aviation industry and space exploration. Moreover, there is a need to study the neutron radiation effect on the MEMS structural members and the MEMS devices reliability in general. Experiments with MEMS structural members showed changes in their operation after exposure to neutron radiation. In this study, the neutron irradiation effect on the flexible MEMS resonators’ stability in the form of shallow rectangular shells is investigated. The theory of flexible rectangular shallow shells under the influence of both neutron irradiation and temperature field is developed. It consists of three components. First, the theory of flexible rectangular shallow shells under neutron radiation in temperature field was considered based on the Kirchhoff hypothesis and energetic Hamilton principle. Second, the theory of plasticity relaxation and cyclic loading were taken into account. Third, the Birger method of variable parameters was employed. The derived mathematical model was solved using both the finite difference method and the Bubnov–Galerkin method of higher approximations. It was established based on a few numeric examples that the irradiation direction of the MEMS structural members significantly affects the magnitude and shape of the plastic deformations’ distribution, as well as the forces magnitude in the shell middle surface, although qualitatively with the same deflection the diagrams of the main investigated functions were similar. Full article
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17 pages, 6792 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Mechanical Response and Damage Mechanism of HTPB Propellant under Impact Loading
by Hengning Zhang, Meng Liu, Yinggang Miao, Han Wang, Tao Chen, Xuezhong Fan and Hai Chang
Materials 2020, 13(13), 3031; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13133031 - 7 Jul 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 3165
Abstract
The dynamic mechanical behaviors of Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant was studied by a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus (SHPB) at strain rates ranging from 103 to 104 s−1. The obtained stress–strain curves indicated that the mechanical features, such as [...] Read more.
The dynamic mechanical behaviors of Hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) propellant was studied by a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus (SHPB) at strain rates ranging from 103 to 104 s−1. The obtained stress–strain curves indicated that the mechanical features, such as ultimate stress and strain energy, were strongly dependent on the strain rate. The real time deformation and fracture evolution of HTPB propellant were captured by a high-speed digital camera accompanied with an SHPB setup. Furthermore, microscopic observation for the post-test specimen was conducted to explore the different damage mechanisms under various conditions of impact loading. The dominated damage characteristics of HTPB propellant were changed from debonding and matrix tearing to multiple cracking modes of ammonium perchlorate (AP) particles, along with the increase of the strain rate. For the first time, the influence of AP particle density on the dynamic response of HTPB propellant was studied by analyzing the strain-rate sensitivity (SRS) index of HTPB propellant with two different filler content (80 wt.% and 85 wt.%), which deduced from a power function of ultimate stress and strain energy density. The result of this study is of significance for evaluating the structural integrity and security of HTPB propellant. Full article
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13 pages, 7103 KiB  
Article
Band Gaps and Transmission Characteristics Analysis on a Two-Dimensional Multiple-Scatter Phononic Crystal Structure
by Hang Xiang, Xingfu Ma and Jiawei Xiang
Materials 2020, 13(9), 2106; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13092106 - 2 May 2020
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2255
Abstract
In this paper, a novel wrap-around multi-scattering phononic crystal (PC) structure is proposed. Band gaps (BGs) and transmission characteristics of the present structure are calculated using finite element method (FEM). Through the calculations of single-scattering prototype, three complete BGs which are exhibited at [...] Read more.
In this paper, a novel wrap-around multi-scattering phononic crystal (PC) structure is proposed. Band gaps (BGs) and transmission characteristics of the present structure are calculated using finite element method (FEM). Through the calculations of single-scattering prototype, three complete BGs which are exhibited at low frequency and the fourth wide BG at high frequency are discovered. The transmission features and resonant spectra represented by frequency response function (FRF) shows that apparent resonance directly cause the four specific BGs. By keeping the total area of scatterers unchanged, 2 × 2, 3 × 3 and 4 × 4 scatterers are designed to obtain the change rule of BGs. Furthermore, the size ratio of 2 × 2 scatterers, the number of connection beams are investigated to obtain the regular pattern of acoustic energy transmission and attenuation. The present investigation of multiple-scatter PC structure will provide a solid support on the future design of acoustical functional materials. Full article
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19 pages, 6267 KiB  
Article
Decreasing Shear Stresses of the Solder Joints for Mechanical and Thermal Loads by Topological Optimization
by Jan Awrejcewicz, Sergey P. Pavlov, Anton V. Krysko, Maxim V. Zhigalov, Kseniya S. Bodyagina and Vadim A. Krysko
Materials 2020, 13(8), 1862; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13081862 - 15 Apr 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2620
Abstract
A methodology for obtaining the optimal structure and distribution for the gradient properties of a material in order to reduce the stress level in a soldered joint was constructed. The developed methodology was based on a combination of topological optimization methods (the moving [...] Read more.
A methodology for obtaining the optimal structure and distribution for the gradient properties of a material in order to reduce the stress level in a soldered joint was constructed. The developed methodology was based on a combination of topological optimization methods (the moving asymptotes method) and the finite elements method; it was first implemented to solve problems of optimizing soldered joints. Using the proposed methodology, a number of problems were solved, allowing one to obtain optimal structural characteristics, in which a decrease in stress is revealed. Designing compounds using this technique will provide more robust designs. The proposed technique can be applied to a wide class of practical problems. Full article
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16 pages, 60008 KiB  
Article
The Examination of Restrained Joints Created in the Process of Multi-Material FFF Additive Manufacturing Technology
by Janusz Kluczyński, Lucjan Śnieżek, Alexander Kravcov, Krzysztof Grzelak, Pavel Svoboda, Ireneusz Szachogłuchowicz, Ondřej Franek, Nikolaj Morozov, Janusz Torzewski and Petr Kubeček
Materials 2020, 13(4), 903; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13040903 - 18 Feb 2020
Cited by 31 | Viewed by 4213
Abstract
The paper is focused on the examination of the internal quality of joints created in a multi-material additive manufacturing process. The main part of the work focuses on experimental production and non-destructive testing of restrained joints of modified PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS [...] Read more.
The paper is focused on the examination of the internal quality of joints created in a multi-material additive manufacturing process. The main part of the work focuses on experimental production and non-destructive testing of restrained joints of modified PLA (polylactic acid) and ABS (Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) three-dimensional (3D)-printed on RepRap 3D device that works on the “open source” principle. The article presents the outcomes of a non-destructive materials test in the form of the data from the Laser Amplified Ultrasonography, microscopic observations of the joints area and tensile tests of the specially designed samples. The samples with designed joints were additively manufactured of two materials: Specially blended PLA (Market name—PLA Tough) and conventionally made ABS. The tests are mainly focused on the determination of the quality of material connection in the joints area. Based on the results obtained, the samples made of two materials were compared in the end to establish which produced material joint is stronger and have a lower amount of defects. Full article
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