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Medicina
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Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective
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Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Dentistry and Oral Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2021) | Viewed by 22258

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Simone Marconcini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Research Fellow Tuscan Dental Institute, Foundation for Clinic, Research and Continuing Education in Dentistry, Lido di Camaiore, Italy
Interests: dental implants; tissue regeneration; bone regeneration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, bone regeneration has been one of the trend topics in dental literature as it encompasses an increasingly wide range of concepts. The clinical demand for ever-more functional and esthetically pleasing results has challenged researchers to reach new standards.

Despite its fascinating implications, regenerative medicine is still a treacherous journey to many. It is affected by different factors, such as the variability of depending on a surgeon’s expertise and on patients’ age/drug regimen/smoking habits.

Different conceptual gaps are yet to be filled—the interaction of surface topographical parameters upon attachment, morphology, and proliferation, and the differentiation of cells, are tricky subjects that demand attention.

There are some major conditions to regeneration: appropriate wound size, rich blood supply, oxygenation, nutrition, angiogenesis, space maintenance, clot stability, and eventual implant stability. That said, every procedure is determined by each individual’s preference or style.

There is a growing feeling in regenerative medicine that “less is more”, with different authors deciding to treat hard and soft tissue regeneration as simply as possible. For example, extractive alveolus is a composite wound containing connective tissue, mesenchymal cells, blood, and lymphatic vessels: in the last few years, the granulation tissue has been also addressed as a potential source of stem cells for different oral regenerative procedures.

This Special Issue of Medicina, entitled “Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective”, welcomes submissions of original clinical/pragmatic research and observational studies, as well as high-quality scoping reviews, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and overviews.

Dr. Simone Marconcini
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Bone regeneration
  • Regenerative medicine
  • Tissue regeneration
  • Dental pulp stem cells

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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12 pages, 6361 KiB  
Article
NELL-1 Increased the Osteogenic Differentiation and mRNA Expression of Spheroids Composed of Stem Cells
by Jong-Ho Lee, Young-Min Song, Sae-Kyung Min, Hyun-Jin Lee, Hye-Lim Lee, Min-Ji Kim, Yoon-Hee Park, Je-Uk Park and Jun-Beom Park
Medicina 2021, 57(6), 586; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060586 - 8 Jun 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2337
Abstract
Background and objectives: NELL-1 is a competent growth factor and it reported to target cells committed to the osteochondral lineage. The secreted, osteoinductive glycoproteins are reported to rheostatically control skeletal ossification. This study was performed to determine the effects of NELL-1 on spheroid [...] Read more.
Background and objectives: NELL-1 is a competent growth factor and it reported to target cells committed to the osteochondral lineage. The secreted, osteoinductive glycoproteins are reported to rheostatically control skeletal ossification. This study was performed to determine the effects of NELL-1 on spheroid morphology and cell viability and the promotion of osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Materials and Methods: Cultures of stem cell spheroids of gingiva-derived stem cells were grown in the presence of NELL-1 at concentrations of 1, 10, 100, and 500 ng/mL. Evaluations of cell morphology were performed using a microscope, and cell viability was assessed using a two-color assay and Cell Counting Kit-8. Evaluation of the activity of alkaline phosphatase and calcium deposition assays involved anthraquinone dye assay to determine the level of osteogenic differentiation of cell spheroids treated with NELL-1. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was used to evaluate the expressions of RUNX2, BSP, OCN, COL1A1, and β-actin mRNAs. Results: The applied stem cells produced well-formed spheroids, and the addition of NELL-1 at tested concentrations did not show any apparent changes in spheroid shape. There were no significant changes in diameter with addition of NELL-1 at 0, 1, 10, 100, and 500 ng/mL concentrations. The quantitative cell viability results derived on Days 1, 3, and 7 did not show significant disparities among groups (p > 0.05). There was statistically higher alkaline phosphatase activity in the 10 ng/mL group compared with the unloaded control on Day 7 (p < 0.05). A significant increase in anthraquinone dye staining was observed with the addition of NELL-1, and the highest value was noted at 10 ng/mL (p < 0.05). qPCR results demonstrated that the mRNA expression levels of RUNX2 and BSP were significantly increased when NELL-1 was added to the culture. Conclusions: Based on these findings, we conclude that NELL-1 can be applied for increased osteogenic differentiation of stem cell spheroids. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective)
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14 pages, 20870 KiB  
Article
Digital Customized Titanium Mesh for Bone Regeneration of Vertical, Horizontal and Combined Defects: A Case Series
by Daniele De Santis, Federico Gelpi, Giuseppe Verlato, Umberto Luciano, Lorena Torroni, Nadia Antonucci, Fabio Bernardello, Morris Zarantonello and Pier Francesco Nocini
Medicina 2021, 57(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57010060 - 11 Jan 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 4014
Abstract
Background and Objective: Guided bone regeneration allows new bone formation in anatomical sites showing defects preventing implant rehabilitation. Material and Methods: The present case series reported the outcomes of five patients treated with customized titanium meshes manufactured with a digital workflow for achieving [...] Read more.
Background and Objective: Guided bone regeneration allows new bone formation in anatomical sites showing defects preventing implant rehabilitation. Material and Methods: The present case series reported the outcomes of five patients treated with customized titanium meshes manufactured with a digital workflow for achieving bone regeneration at future implant sites. A significant gain in both width and thickness was achieved for all patients. Results: From a radiographic point of view (CBTC), satisfactory results were reached both in horizontal and vertical defects. An average horizontal gain of 3.6 ± 0.8 mm and a vertical gain of 5.2 ± 1.1 mm. Conclusions: The findings from this study suggest that customized titanium meshes represent a valid method to pursue guided bone regeneration in horizontal, vertical or combined defects. Particular attention must be paid by the surgeon in the packaging of the flap according to a correct method called the “poncho” technique in order to reduce the most frequent complication that is the exposure of the mesh even if a partial exposure of one mesh does not compromise the final outcome of both the reconstruction and the healing of the implants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective)
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9 pages, 3562 KiB  
Case Report
Implant Placement after Closure of Oroantral Communication by Sinus Bone Graft Using a Collagen Barrier Membrane in the Shape of a Pouch: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
by Jae-Ha Baek, Byung-Ock Kim and Won-Pyo Lee
Medicina 2021, 57(6), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57060626 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 5180
Abstract
Oro-antral communication (OAC) acts as a pathway for bacteria between the maxillary sinus and oral cavity, and is a common complication after the removal of a dental implant or extraction of a tooth from the maxillary posterior area. In the case of an [...] Read more.
Oro-antral communication (OAC) acts as a pathway for bacteria between the maxillary sinus and oral cavity, and is a common complication after the removal of a dental implant or extraction of a tooth from the maxillary posterior area. In the case of an untreated OAC, oro-antral fistula develops and becomes epithelialized. We aimed to introduce a treatment for OAC closure via a sinus bone grafting procedure using bone tacks and a collagen membrane with an allograft. The procedure was performed by applying an absorbable membrane made in pouch form. This membrane acted as a barrier for closing the large sinus membrane perforation. Bone tacks were used to fix the membranes. Subsequently, the maxillary sinus was filled with the allograft, and the absorbable membrane was reapplied. Primary closure was achieved by performing a periosteum-releasing incision for a tension-free suture. After 6 months, sufficient bone dimensions were gained without any occurrence of maxillary sinusitis or recurrence of OAC. Additional bone grafts and implantation could be performed to rehabilitate the maxillary posterior area. We conclude that this technique might be a useful treatment for reconstructing the maxillary posterior area with simultaneous sinus bone graft and OAC closure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective)
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8 pages, 2889 KiB  
Case Report
Coronectomy of Mandibular Third Molar: Four Years of Follow-Up of 130 Cases
by Saverio Cosola, Young Sam Kim, Young Min Park, Enrica Giammarinaro and Ugo Covani
Medicina 2020, 56(12), 654; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56120654 - 27 Nov 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 9766
Abstract
Inferior wisdom teeth extraction surgery may have some complications that, in some cases, could be prevented by a correct diagnosis and minimal surgery. Coronectomy is a technique used for wisdom teeth surgery where only the crown is extracted and the root/roots are left [...] Read more.
Inferior wisdom teeth extraction surgery may have some complications that, in some cases, could be prevented by a correct diagnosis and minimal surgery. Coronectomy is a technique used for wisdom teeth surgery where only the crown is extracted and the root/roots are left in situ. This procedure may be controversial, but it could limit the common risks of the extraction procedure. Nowadays, the indication and contraindication of this technique are debated, and clinicians normally extract the entire tooth. The following case series includes the data and follow-up radiographs of 130 patients who received a coronectomy, reporting the safety of the procedure. After a mean follow-up period of four years, no complications occurred. A total of 13 patients showed mobile roots but had no complications or symptoms. The roots migrated in a mesial or coronal direction in 31 patients; in 4 cases, they were removed because of patient preference. Coronectomy is a useful oral surgical procedure in certain complicated cases of mandibular wisdom tooth extraction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Current Trends in Regenerative Medicine: Less is More Effective)
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