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Medicina
Special Issues
Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Physiology
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Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Physiology

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2020) | Viewed by 5864

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Tomas Venckunas

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Lithuanian Sports University, Kaunas, Lithuania
Interests: exercise science; sport physiology; strength & conditioning; sport biomechanics
Prof. Dr. Hans Degens

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester, UK
Interests: ageing; muscle; microcirculation; hypertrophy; atrophy; single fibres

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Skeletal muscle mass and quality are well-known major prerequisites of general welfare. Exercise training is not only extremely good at disease prevention but also is the cheapest and most easily accessible “medicine” to treat various mal-conditions and improve health in different patient populations. Not only the skeletal muscle contractions per se, but also exercise-induced responses in most of the other tissues mediated via muscular activity (e.g. triggered by myokines) or hormones are important to beneficial long-term adaptations rendering higher resilience to vast range of diseases and improving life quality and working capacities.

Because of so many benefits of exercise training for cardiometabolic, cognitive and other aspects of health, the journal Medicina is launching this Special Issue on Exercise and skeletal muscle physiology. While exercise training is beneficial to all age groups and most chronic conditions, the recommendations of the best type, frequency and total amount of exercise in some specific populations (cancer patients, frail elderly, etc.) is still unclear.

We encourage you and your co-workers to submit your articles reporting on this topic. Reviews or original articles dealing with physiological and molecular aspects associated with acute and chronic adaptations to different types of exercise training in experimental models and various healthy and diseased human populations are welcome.

Dr. Tomas Venckunas
Prof. Dr. Hans Degens
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Medicina is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Exercise training
  • Skeletal muscle
  • Myokines
  • Cardiovascular risk
  • Fitness
  • Ageing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 2508 KiB  
Article
Response to Three Weeks of Sprint Interval Training Cannot Be Explained by the Exertional Level
by Raulas Krusnauskas, Nerijus Eimantas, Neringa Baranauskiene, Tomas Venckunas, Audrius Snieckus, Marius Brazaitis, Hakan Westerblad and Sigitas Kamandulis
Medicina 2020, 56(8), 395; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080395 - 7 Aug 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2420
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The all-out mode of sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to be an efficient method for improving sports performance, exercise capacity, and aerobic fitness. Although the benefits of SIT are well described, the mechanisms underlying the different degrees of [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: The all-out mode of sprint interval training (SIT) has been shown to be an efficient method for improving sports performance, exercise capacity, and aerobic fitness. Although the benefits of SIT are well described, the mechanisms underlying the different degrees of response remain largely unexplored. We aimed to assess the effects of exertion on the responsiveness to SIT. Materials and Methods: The participants were 28 young untrained men (mean ± SD age 25.7 ± 6.03 years) who exhibited either a large or small increase in Wingate test average power in response to nine SIT sessions performed over three weeks. Each training session comprised four–six bouts of 30 s all-out cycling interspaced with 4 min of rest. Individual responses were assessed using heart rate (HR) during exercise for all nine sessions, as well as blood lactate concentration up to 1 h, and the decrement in maximal voluntary knee extension torque (MVC) up to 24 h after the first and last training sessions. Peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak) and maximum HR were measured before and after training during an incremental cycling test to exhaustion. Results: Although all participants showed benefits of SIT such as increased VO2peak, the increase in anaerobic cycling power varied between participants. We identified 17 high responders and nine low responders, whose average power outputs were 0.80 ± 0.22 and 0.22 ± 0.19 W/kg, respectively. The HR achieved during any of the training sessions did not differ between high and low responders. The lactate kinetics did not differ between groups before and after the intervention. Training resulted in a more rapid recovery of MVC without any discernible differences between the high and low responders. Conclusion: The differences in the responses to SIT are not dependent on the exertion level during training. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Physiology)
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14 pages, 3402 KiB  
Article
Are Force Enhancement after Stretch and Muscle Fatigue Due to Effects of Elevated Inorganic Phosphate and Low Calcium on Cross Bridge Kinetics?
by Hans Degens and David A. Jones
Medicina 2020, 56(5), 249; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56050249 - 20 May 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2971
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Muscle fatigue is characterised by (1) loss of force, (2) decreased maximal shortening velocity and (3) a greater resistance to stretch that could be due to reduced intracellular Ca2+ and increased Pi, which alter cross bridge kinetics. Materials [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Muscle fatigue is characterised by (1) loss of force, (2) decreased maximal shortening velocity and (3) a greater resistance to stretch that could be due to reduced intracellular Ca2+ and increased Pi, which alter cross bridge kinetics. Materials and Methods: To investigate this, we used (1) 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), believed to increase the proportion of attached but non-force-generating cross bridges; (2) Pi that increases the proportion of attached cross bridges, but with Pi still attached; and (3) reduced activating Ca2+. We used permeabilised rat soleus fibres, activated with pCa 4.5 at 15 °C. Results: The addition of 1 mM BDM or 15 mM Pi, or the lowering of the Ca2+ to pCa 5.5, all reduced the isometric force by around 50%. Stiffness decreased in proportion to isometric force when the fibres were activated at pCa 5.5, but was well maintained in the presence of Pi and BDM. Force enhancement after a stretch increased with the length of stretch and Pi, suggesting a role for titin. Maximum shortening velocity was reduced by about 50% in the presence of BDM and pCa 5.5, but was slightly increased by Pi. Neither decreasing Ca2+ nor increasing Pi alone mimicked the effects of fatigue on muscle contractile characteristics entirely. Only BDM elicited a decrease of force and slowing with maintained stiffness, similar to the situation in fatigued muscle. Conclusions: This suggests that in fatigue, there is an accumulation of attached but low-force cross bridges that cannot be the result of the combined action of reduced Ca2+ or increased Pi alone, but is probably due to a combination of factors that change during fatigue. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exercise and Skeletal Muscle Physiology)
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