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Medicina
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Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease
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Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease

A special issue of Medicina (ISSN 1648-9144). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 October 2021) | Viewed by 10744

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Stavros J. Baloyannis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Neurology, Aristotelian University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
Interests: neurosciences; electron microscopy; Alzheimer’s disease; neuropathology; clinical neurology; neurophilosophy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the most enigmatic and multidimensional neurodegenerative diseases of the brain, inducing serious mental, social, humanitarian, and economic problems. The failure of the currently available therapeutic regimes and the fatal outcome of the disease create an urgent need for neuroscientists to continue researching the etiopathological background of the disease in an attempt to create efficient therapeutic interventions. It is well known that the neuropathological pattern of AD mostly consists of selective neuronal loss, substantial morphological and morphometric alterations of the synapses, marked mitochondrial alterations, even in the initial stages of the disease, tau pathology resulting in the formation of neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), many inflammatory phenomena, alterations of brain capillaries, and various extensive extracellular deposits of Aβ peptide’s polymers, in the form of polymorphic neuritic plaques. The majority of the alterations of the organelles in Alzheimer’s disease concern the Golgi complex, the microtubules, the synaptic vesicles, and mostly the mitochondria. The pathogenetic mechanisms embrace a diverse range of hypotheses which attempt to decipher the real cause of mental decline in AD. The philosophy of this volume is the description the existing therapeutic possibilities as well as the perspectives for an effectual therapy of AD based on a concrete and clear understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms of the disease.

Prof. Dr. Stavros J. Baloyannis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Treatment
  • Pathogenesis
  • Therapeutic factors
  • Pharmaceutical research
  • Quality of life
  • Nonpharmaceutical therapy
  • Economic parameters

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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10 pages, 5240 KiB  
Article
Analyzing the Effect of Weak External Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation on the Primary Dominant Frequencies of Alzheimer Patients Brain by Using MEG Recordings
by Photios Anninos, Adam Adamopoulos, Nikolia Anninou and Nikolaos Tsagas
Medicina 2021, 57(11), 1164; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina57111164 - 26 Oct 2021
Viewed by 1922
Abstract
Backround and Objectives: Alternative, non-invasive, and non-pharmaceutical options are gaining place in the battle of Alzheimer’s Disease treatment control. Lately, the magnetic stimulation of the brain is the most prevalent technique with encouraging results. The aim of this study is to establish any [...] Read more.
Backround and Objectives: Alternative, non-invasive, and non-pharmaceutical options are gaining place in the battle of Alzheimer’s Disease treatment control. Lately, the magnetic stimulation of the brain is the most prevalent technique with encouraging results. The aim of this study is to establish any possible change on the Primary Dominant Frequencies (PDF) (range 2–7 Hz) of the affected brain regions in Alzheimer Disease (AD) patients after applying extremely weak Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation. Materials and Methods: For this purpose, all AD patients were scanned with the use of MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) recordings through a whole-head 122–channel MEG system. Results: Our results exerted statistically significant PDF changes due to weak TMS accompanied by rabid attenuation of clinical symptoms. Conclusion: Thus, this is the first time that a positive therapeutic effect is being demonstrated even at pico-Tesla range magnetic fields in a small clinical group of studies for AD. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease)
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Review

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11 pages, 1929 KiB  
Review
YKL-40 as a Potential Biomarker for the Differential Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease
by Ioannis Mavroudis, Rumana Chowdhury, Foivos Petridis, Eleni Karantali, Symela Chatzikonstantinou, Ioana Miruna Balmus, Iuliana Simona Luca, Alin Ciobica and Dimitrios Kazis
Medicina 2022, 58(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina58010060 - 30 Dec 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 2640
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with extensive neuronal loss, dendritic and synaptic changes resulting in significant cognitive impairment. An increased number of studies have given rise to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis in AD. It is widely accepted that AD brains [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, associated with extensive neuronal loss, dendritic and synaptic changes resulting in significant cognitive impairment. An increased number of studies have given rise to the neuroinflammatory hypothesis in AD. It is widely accepted that AD brains show chronic inflammation, probably triggered by the presence of insoluble amyloid beta deposits and neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and is also related to the activation of neuronal death cascade. In the present study we aimed to investigate the role of YKL-40 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnosis of AD, and to discuss whether there are further potential roles of this protein in the management and treatment of AD. We conducted an online search on PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane library databases from 1990 to 2021. The quantitative analysis showed that the levels of YKL-40 were significantly higher in Alzheimer’s disease compared to controls, to mild cognitive impairment (MCI) AD (MCI-AD) and to stable MCI. They were also increased in MCI-AD compared to stable MCI. The present study shows that the CSF levels of YKL-40 could be potentially used as a biomarker for the prognosis of mild cognitive impairment and the likelihood of progression to AD, as well as for the differential diagnosis between AD and MCI. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease)
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12 pages, 691 KiB  
Review
Dysautonomia in Alzheimer's Disease
by Delia Tulbă, Liviu Cozma, Bogdan Ovidiu Popescu and Eugenia Irene Davidescu
Medicina 2020, 56(7), 337; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina56070337 - 8 Jul 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5402
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its prevalence increases with age. Although there is a large amount of scientific literature focusing on Alzheimer's disease cardinal cognitive features, autonomic nervous system dysfunction remains understudied despite being common in the elderly. In [...] Read more.
Alzheimer's disease is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and its prevalence increases with age. Although there is a large amount of scientific literature focusing on Alzheimer's disease cardinal cognitive features, autonomic nervous system dysfunction remains understudied despite being common in the elderly. In this article, we reviewed the evidence for autonomic nervous system involvement in Alzheimer's disease. We identified four major potential causes for dysautonomia in Alzheimer's disease, out of which two are well-studied (comorbidities and medication) and two are rather hypothetical (Alzheimer's pathology and brain co-pathology). Although there appears to be some evidence linking Alzheimer's disease pathology to autonomic nervous system dysfunction, there is an important gap between two types of studies; histopathologic studies do not address dysautonomia manifestations, whereas clinical studies do not employ histopathologic diagnostic confirmation. Moreover, brain co-pathology is emerging as an important confounding factor. Therefore, we consider the correlation between dysautonomia and Alzheimer's disease to be an open question that needs further study. Nevertheless, given its impact on morbidity and mortality, we emphasize the importance of assessing autonomic dysfunction in patients with Alzheimer clinical syndrome. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease)
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