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Membranes
Special Issues
Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes
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Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes

A special issue of Membranes (ISSN 2077-0375). This special issue belongs to the section "Membrane Processing and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 June 2023) | Viewed by 23329

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Junjiang Bao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: gas membrane separation; process simulation and optimization
Dr. Wu Xiao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Frontiers Science Center for Smart Materials Oriented Chemical Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
Interests: gas membrane separation; membrane process; mixed matrix membrane
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Membrane technology plays an significant role in the separation of the liquid and gas mixtures. In recent years, gas membrane separation (hydrogen and VOCs recovery, helium enrichment, natural gas decarbonization and carbon capture), electrochemically driven membrane process (electrochemical separation), temperature difference driven membrane process (membrane distillation), high-pressure membrane processes (nanofiltration and reverse osmosis) and dialysis-driven membrane processes (forward osmosis) have played an important role in the fields of process intensification and energy efficiency. Among them, the membrane system is the ultimate embodiment of the industrialization of the membrane separation process due to its characteristics of easy coupling, small footprint, modularization and simple control. Aiming at the scientific laws behind the membrane separation process, the systematic research on the membrane separation process is of great significance for the development of membrane technology in the future.

To encourage the green development of various membrane-related separation processes, this Special Issue will emphasize the importance of novel membranes processes for potential industrial applications. Original contributions and reviews related to membranes processes and their applications, mainly for various separation processes such as microfiltration, nanafiltration, ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, pervaporation and gas separations are welcomed. Hybrid membrane and conventional separation processes (such as absorption, adsorption and cryogenic processes) are also welcomed.

Dr. Junjiang Bao
Dr. Wu Xiao
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Membranes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • membrane process
  • gas membrane separations
  • wastewater membrane treatment
  • membrane distillation process
  • membrane pervaporation process
  • membrane absorption process
  • membrane crystallization process
  • hybrid membrane process

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 3600 KiB  
Article
Engineering of Multifunctional Nanocomposite Membranes for Wastewater Treatment: Oil/Water Separation and Dye Degradation
by Hamouda M Mousa, Mostafa M. Sayed, Ibrahim M. A. Mohamed, M. S. Abd El-sadek, Emad Abouel Nasr, Mohamed A. Mohamed and Mohamed Taha
Membranes 2023, 13(10), 810; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13100810 - 25 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1934
Abstract
Multifunctional membrane technology has gained tremendous attention in wastewater treatment, including oil/water separation and photocatalytic activity. In the present study, a multifunctional composite nanofiber membrane is capable of removing dyes and separating oil from wastewater, as well as having antibacterial activity. The composite [...] Read more.
Multifunctional membrane technology has gained tremendous attention in wastewater treatment, including oil/water separation and photocatalytic activity. In the present study, a multifunctional composite nanofiber membrane is capable of removing dyes and separating oil from wastewater, as well as having antibacterial activity. The composite nanofiber membrane is composed of cellulose acetate (CA) filled with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) in a polymer matrix and dipped into a solution of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs). Membrane characterization was performed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and water contact angle (WCA) studies were utilized to evaluate the introduced membranes. Results showed that membranes have adequate wettability for the separation process and antibacterial activity, which is beneficial for water disinfection from living organisms. A remarkable result of the membranes’ analysis was that methylene blue (MB) dye removal occurred through the photocatalysis process with an efficiency of ~20%. Additionally, it exhibits a high separation efficiency of 45% for removing oil from a mixture of oil–water and water flux of 20.7 L.m−2 h−1 after 1 h. The developed membranes have multifunctional properties and are expected to provide numerous merits for treating complex wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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19 pages, 3249 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Organic Emerging Contaminants (Erythromycin, Ibuprofen, and Diclofenac) on the Performance of a Membrane Bioreactor Treating Urban Wastewater: A Heterotrophic Kinetic Investigation
by Laura Antiñolo Bermúdez, Elena María Martínez Sánchez, Juan Carlos Leyva Díaz, María del Mar Muñio Martínez, Jose Manuel Poyatos Capilla and Jaime Martín Pascual
Membranes 2023, 13(8), 697; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13080697 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1225
Abstract
The occurrence of emerging organic contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, is a growing global concern. In this research, for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) laboratory plant operating at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, fed with real urban wastewater, the heterotrophic biomass behaviour [...] Read more.
The occurrence of emerging organic contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals, is a growing global concern. In this research, for a membrane bioreactor (MBR) laboratory plant operating at a hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 24 h, fed with real urban wastewater, the heterotrophic biomass behaviour was analysed for two concentrations of erythromycin, ibuprofen, and diclofenac. The concentrations studied for the first phase were erythromycin 0.576 mg L−1, ibuprofen 0.056 mg L−1, and diclofenac 0.948 mg L−1. For Phase 2, the concentrations were increased to erythromycin 1.440 mg L−1, ibuprofen 0.140 mg L−1, and diclofenac 2.370 mg L−1. Heterotrophic biomass was affected and inhibited by the presence of pharmaceutical compounds in both phases. The system response to low concentrations of pharmaceutical compounds occurred in the initial phase of plant doping. Under these operating conditions, there was a gradual decrease in the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids and the removal of chemical oxygen demand of the system, as it was not able to absorb the effect produced by the pharmaceutical compounds added in both phases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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16 pages, 18600 KiB  
Article
Design and Optimization of a Novel Hybrid Membrane–Electrochemical Hydrogen Pump Process for Recovering Helium from NRU off Gas
by Wu Xiao, Hao Wang, Andi Cheng, Hanli Wang, Zhendong Yang, Xuemei Wu, Xiaobin Jiang and Gaohong He
Membranes 2023, 13(7), 689; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070689 - 24 Jul 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1680
Abstract
Due to the low boiling point of helium, the nitrogen-rich off gas of the nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant usually contains a small amount of CH4, approximately 1–4% He, and associated gases, such as H [...] Read more.
Due to the low boiling point of helium, the nitrogen-rich off gas of the nitrogen rejection unit (NRU) in the liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant usually contains a small amount of CH4, approximately 1–4% He, and associated gases, such as H2. However, it is difficult to separate hydrogen and helium. Here, we propose two different integrated processes coupled with membrane separation, pressure swing adsorption (PSA), and the electrochemical hydrogen pump (EHP) based on different sequences of hydrogen gas removal. Both processes use membrane separation and PSA in order to recover and purify helium, and the EHP is used to remove hydrogen. The processes were strictly simulated using UniSim Design, and an economic assessment was conducted. The results of the economic assessment show that flowsheet #2 was more cost-effective due to the significant reduction in the capacity of the compressor and PSA because of the pre-removal of hydrogen. Additionally, using the response surface methodology (RSM), a Box–Behnken design experiment was conducted, and an accurate and reliable quadratic response surface regression model was fitted through variance analysis. The optimized operating parameters for the integrated process were determined as follows: the membrane area of M101 was 966.6 m2, the permeate pressure of M101 was 100 kPa, and the membrane area of M102 was 41.2 m2. The maximum recovery fraction was 90.66%, and the minimum cost of helium production was 2.21 $/kg. Thus, proposed flowsheet #2 has prospects and value for industrial application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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12 pages, 2282 KiB  
Article
Modelling and Comparative Analysis of Different Methods of Liquid Membrane Separations
by Artak E. Kostanyan, Andrey A. Voshkin, Vera V. Belova and Yulia A. Zakhodyaeva
Membranes 2023, 13(6), 554; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13060554 - 26 May 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 1603
Abstract
This article is devoted to a brief review of the modelling of liquid membrane separation methods, such as emulsion, supported liquid membranes, film pertraction, and three-phase and multi-phase extraction. Mathematical models and comparative analyses of liquid membrane separations with different flow modes of [...] Read more.
This article is devoted to a brief review of the modelling of liquid membrane separation methods, such as emulsion, supported liquid membranes, film pertraction, and three-phase and multi-phase extraction. Mathematical models and comparative analyses of liquid membrane separations with different flow modes of contacting liquid phases are presented. A comparison of the processes of conventional and liquid membrane separations is carried out under the following assumptions: mass transfer is described by the traditional mass transfer equation; the equilibrium distribution coefficients of a component passing from one of the phases to another are constant. It is shown that, from the point of view of mass transfer driving forces, emulsion and film pertraction liquid membrane methods have advantages over the conventional conjugated extraction stripping method, when the mass-transfer efficiency of the extraction stage is significantly higher than the efficiency of the stripping stage. The comparison of the supported liquid membrane with conjugated extraction stripping showed that when mass-transfer rates on the extraction and stripping sides are different, the liquid membrane method is more efficient, while when they are equal to each other, both processes demonstrate the same results. The advantages and disadvantages of liquid membrane methods are discussed. The main disadvantages of liquid membrane methods—low throughput and complexity—can be overcome by using modified solvent extraction equipment to carry out liquid membrane separations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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15 pages, 5526 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Desulfurization Performance of ZIF−8/PEG MMMs: Effect of ZIF−8 Particle Size
by Xia Zhan, Kaixiang Gao, Yucheng Jia, Wen Deng, Ning Liu, Xuebin Guo, Hehe Li and Jiding Li
Membranes 2023, 13(5), 515; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050515 - 15 May 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2054
Abstract
Constructing efficient and continuous transport pathways in membranes is a promising and challenging way to achieve the desired performance in the pervaporation process. The incorporation of various metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into polymer membranes provided selective and fast transport channels and enhanced the separation [...] Read more.
Constructing efficient and continuous transport pathways in membranes is a promising and challenging way to achieve the desired performance in the pervaporation process. The incorporation of various metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into polymer membranes provided selective and fast transport channels and enhanced the separation performance of polymeric membranes. Particle size and surface properties are strongly related to the random distribution and possible agglomeration of MOFs particles, which may lead to poor connectivity between adjacent MOFs-based nanoparticles and result in low-efficiency molecular transport in the membrane. In this work, ZIF−8 particles with different particle sizes were physically filled into PEG to fabricate mixed matrix membranes (MMMs) for desulfurization via pervaporation. The micro-structures and physi-/chemical properties of different ZIF−8 particles, along with their corresponding MMMs, were systematically characterized by SEM, FT-IR, XRD, BET, etc. It was found that ZIF−8 with different particle sizes showed similar crystalline structures and surface areas, while larger ZIF−8 particles possessed more micro-pores and fewer meso-/macro-pores than did the smaller particles. ZIF−8 showed preferential adsorption for thiophene rather than n−heptane molecules, and the diffusion coefficient of thiophene was larger than that of thiophene in ZIF−8, based on molecular simulation. PEG MMMs with larger ZIF−8 particles showed a higher sulfur enrichment factor, but a lower permeation flux than that found with smaller particles. This might be ascribed to the fact that larger ZIF−8 particles provided more and longer selective transport channels in one single particle. Moreover, the number of ZIF−8−L particles in MMMs was smaller than the number of smaller ones with the same particle loading, which might weaken the connectivity between adjacent ZIF−8−L nanoparticles and result in low-efficiency molecular transport in the membrane. Moreover, the surface area available for mass transport was smaller for MMMs with ZIF−8−L particles due to the smaller specific surface area of the ZIF−8−L particles, which might also result in lower permeability in ZIF−8−L/PEG MMMs. The ZIF−8−L/PEG MMMs exhibited enhanced pervaporation performance, with a sulfur enrichment factor of 22.5 and a permeation flux of 183.2 g/(m−2·h−1), increasing by 57% and 389% compared with the results for pure PEG membrane, respectively. The effects of ZIF−8 loading, feed temperature, and concentration on desulfurization performance were also studied. This work might provide some new insights into the effect of particle size on desulfurization performance and the transport mechanism in MMMs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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15 pages, 3956 KiB  
Article
Structure and Performance of All-Green Electrospun PHB-Based Membrane Fibrous Biomaterials Modified with Hemin
by Polina M. Tyubaeva, Ivetta A. Varyan, Alexey V. Krivandin, Olga V. Shatalova, Anatoly A. Olkhov, Anatoly A. Popov, Huaizhong Xu and Olga V. Arzhakova
Membranes 2023, 13(5), 478; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13050478 - 28 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1750
Abstract
This work addresses the challenges concerning the development of “all-green” high-performance biodegradable membrane materials based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and a natural biocompatible functional additive, iron-containing porphyrin, Hemin (Hmi) via modification and surface functionalization. A new facile and versatile approach based on electrospinning (ES) [...] Read more.
This work addresses the challenges concerning the development of “all-green” high-performance biodegradable membrane materials based on poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and a natural biocompatible functional additive, iron-containing porphyrin, Hemin (Hmi) via modification and surface functionalization. A new facile and versatile approach based on electrospinning (ES) is advanced when modification of the PHB membranes is performed by the addition of low concentrations of Hmi (from 1 to 5 wt.%). Structure and performance of the resultant {HB/Hmi membranes were studied by diverse physicochemical methods, including differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray analysis, scanning electron microscopy, etc. Modification of the PHB fibrous membranes with Hmi allows control over their quality, supramolecular structure, morphology, and surface wettability. As a result of this modification, air and liquid permeability of the modified electrospun materials markedly increases. The proposed approach provides preparation of high-performance all-green membranes with tailored structure and performance for diverse practical applications, including wound healing, comfort textiles, facial protective masks, tissue engineering, water and air purification, etc. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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14 pages, 4687 KiB  
Article
Constructing Gas Transmission Pathways in Two-Dimensional Composite Material ZIF-8@BNNS Mixed-Matrix Membranes to Enhance CO2/N2 Separation Performance
by Fei Guo, Wu Xiao, Canghai Ma, Xuehua Ruan, Gaohong He, Hanli Wang, Zhendong Yang and Xiaobin Jiang
Membranes 2023, 13(4), 444; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040444 - 19 Apr 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2038
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, due to their high aspect ratio and high specific surface area, which provide a more tortuous pathway for larger gas molecules, are frequently used in membrane separation. However, in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), the high aspect ratio and high specific surface [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials, due to their high aspect ratio and high specific surface area, which provide a more tortuous pathway for larger gas molecules, are frequently used in membrane separation. However, in mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), the high aspect ratio and high specific surface area of 2D fillers can increase transport resistance, thereby reducing the permeability of gas molecules. In this work, we combine boron nitride nanosheets (BNNS) with ZIF-8 nanoparticles to develop a novel material, ZIF-8@BNNS, to improve both CO2 permeability and CO2/N2 selectivity. Growth of ZIF-8 nanoparticles on the BNNS surface is achieved using an in-situ growth method where the amino groups of BNNS are complexed with Zn2+, creating gas transmission pathways that accelerate CO2 transmission. The 2D-BNNS material acts as a barrier in MMMs to improve CO2/N2 selectivity. The MMMs with a 20 wt.% ZIF-8@BNNS loading achieved a CO2 permeability of 106.5 Barrer and CO2/N2 selectivity of 83.2, surpassing the Robeson upper bound (2008) and demonstrating that MOF layers can efficiently reduce mass transfer resistance and enhance gas separation performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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28 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Innovative Membrane Technologies for the Treatment of Wastewater Polluted with Heavy Metals: Perspective of the Potential of Electrodialysis, Membrane Distillation, and Forward Osmosis from a Bibliometric Analysis
by Benjamín Carmona and Ricardo Abejón
Membranes 2023, 13(4), 385; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13040385 - 28 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3395
Abstract
A bibliometric analysis, using the Scopus database as a source, was carried out in order to study the scientific documents published up to 2021 regarding the use of electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and forward osmosis for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. A [...] Read more.
A bibliometric analysis, using the Scopus database as a source, was carried out in order to study the scientific documents published up to 2021 regarding the use of electrodialysis, membrane distillation, and forward osmosis for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater. A total of 362 documents that fulfilled the search criteria were found, and the results from the corresponding analysis revealed that the number of documents greatly increased after the year 2010, although the first document was published in 1956. The exponential evolution of the scientific production related to these innovative membrane technologies confirmed an increasing interest from the scientific community. The most prolific country was Denmark, which contributed 19.3% of the published documents, followed by the two main current scientific superpowers: China and the USA (with 17.4% and 7.5% contributions, respectively). Environmental Science was the most common subject (55.0% of contributions), followed by Chemical Engineering (37.3% of contributions) and Chemistry (36.5% of contribution). The prevalence of electrodialysis over the other two technologies was clear in terms of relative frequency of the keywords. An analysis of the main hot topics identified the main advantages and drawbacks of each technology, and revealed that examples of their successful implementation beyond the lab scale are still scarce. Therefore, complete techno-economic evaluation of the treatment of wastewater polluted with heavy metals via these innovative membrane technologies must be encouraged. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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12 pages, 2894 KiB  
Article
A Green Method for the Determination of Cadmium in Natural Waters Based on Multi-Fibre Supported Liquid Membranes
by Juan J. Pinto, Victoria Mánuel and Carlos Moreno
Membranes 2023, 13(3), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030327 - 12 Mar 2023
Viewed by 1419
Abstract
Supported liquid membranes have been used to implement a hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method for the preconcentration of Cd(II) in natural waters as a sample preparation step for its determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFAAS). This system [...] Read more.
Supported liquid membranes have been used to implement a hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (HF-LPME) method for the preconcentration of Cd(II) in natural waters as a sample preparation step for its determination by high-resolution continuum source graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (HR-CS-GFAAS). This system was designed to use four hollow fibres simultaneously with the same sample, thus improving the simplicity, speed and reproducibility of the results. The organic liquid membrane bis-(2,4,4-trimethylpentyl) phosphinic acid (Cyanex® 272) dissolved in dihexylether (DHE) was immobilised into the pores of the walls of polypropylene hollow fibres. After extraction, the cadmium-enriched acidic phases were recovered and analysed by triplicate. To optimise the extraction process, the effect of both physical and chemical variables was studied, and optimum results with an enrichment factor (EF) of 292 were obtained for a fibre length of 6 cm, 1.06 M Cyanex 272, 0.04 M HNO3, stirring rate of 600 rpm and an extraction time of 4.26 h. For practical applications, extraction time was reduced to 2 h, keeping the EF as high as 130. Under these conditions, a detection limit of 0.13 ng L−1 Cd(II) was obtained, with a reproducibility of 3.3 % and a linear range up to 3 µg L−1 being achieved. The proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of cadmium in mineral, tap and seawater samples. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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26 pages, 4737 KiB  
Article
Synchronous Design of Membrane Material and Process for Pre-Combustion CO2 Capture: A Superstructure Method Integrating Membrane Type Selection
by Zhiqiang Ni, Yue Cao, Xiaopeng Zhang, Ning Zhang, Wu Xiao, Junjiang Bao and Gaohong He
Membranes 2023, 13(3), 318; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13030318 - 9 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1815
Abstract
Membrane separation technology for CO2 capture in pre-combustion has the advantages of easy operation, minimal land use and no pollution and is considered a reliable alternative to traditional technology. However, previous studies only focused on the H2-selective membrane (HM) or [...] Read more.
Membrane separation technology for CO2 capture in pre-combustion has the advantages of easy operation, minimal land use and no pollution and is considered a reliable alternative to traditional technology. However, previous studies only focused on the H2-selective membrane (HM) or CO2-selective membrane (CM), paying little attention to the combination of different membranes. Therefore, it is hopeful to find the optimal process by considering the potential combination of H2-selective and CO2-selective membranes. For the CO2 capture process in pre-combustion, this paper presents an optimization model based on the superstructure method to determine the best membrane process. In the superstructure model, both CO2-selective and H2-selective commercial membranes are considered. In addition, the changes in optimal membrane performance and capture cost are studied when the selectivity and permeability of membrane change synchronously based on the Robeson upper bound. The results show that when the CO2 purity is 96% and the CO2 recovery rate is 90%, the combination of different membrane types achieves better results. The optimal process is the two-stage membrane process with recycling, using the combination of CM and HM in all situations, which has obvious economic advantages compared with the Selexol process. Under the condition of 96% CO2 purity and 90% CO2 recovery, the CO2 capture cost can be reduced to 11.75$/t CO2 by optimizing the process structure, operating parameters, and performance of membranes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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Review

Jump to: Research

23 pages, 4028 KiB  
Review
Production and Bioconversion Efficiency of Enzyme Membrane Bioreactors in the Synthesis of Valuable Products
by Bandana Padhan, Madhubanti Ray, Madhumita Patel and Rajkumar Patel
Membranes 2023, 13(7), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/membranes13070673 - 16 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3140
Abstract
The demand for bioactive molecules with nutritional benefits and pharmaceutically important properties is increasing, leading researchers to develop modified production strategies with low-cost purification processes. Recent developments in bioreactor technology can aid in the production of valuable products. Enzyme membrane bioreactors (EMRs) are [...] Read more.
The demand for bioactive molecules with nutritional benefits and pharmaceutically important properties is increasing, leading researchers to develop modified production strategies with low-cost purification processes. Recent developments in bioreactor technology can aid in the production of valuable products. Enzyme membrane bioreactors (EMRs) are emerging as sustainable synthesis processes in various agro-food industries, biofuel applications, and waste management processes. EMRs are modified reactors used for chemical reactions and product separation, particularly large-molecule hydrolysis and the conversion of macromolecules. EMRs generally produce low-molecular-weight carbohydrates, such as oligosaccharides, fructooligosaccharides, and gentiooligosaccharides. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of the use of EMRs for the production of valuable products, such as oligosaccharides and oligodextrans, and we discuss their application in the bioconversion of inulin, lignin, and sugars. Furthermore, we critically summarize the application and limitations of EMRs. This review provides important insights that can aid in the production of valuable products by food and pharmaceutical industries, and it is intended to assist scientists in developing improved quality and environmentally friendly prebiotics using EMRs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Development and Application of Membrane Separation Processes)
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