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Metabolites
Special Issues
Metabolic Disorders in Menopause
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Metabolic Disorders in Menopause

A special issue of Metabolites (ISSN 2218-1989). This special issue belongs to the section "Endocrinology and Clinical Metabolic Research".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 May 2022) | Viewed by 14248

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Anna Stefanska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Interests: metabolic syndrome; menopause; diabetes; cardiometabolic risk
Prof. Dr. Grażyna Odrowąż-Sypniewska

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Laboratory Diagnostics, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
Interests: osteoporosis; bone turnover markers; bone metabolism; metabolic syndrome
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Menopause is a risk factor for metabolic disorders—most notably, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and metabolic bone diseases such as osteoporosis. The higher prevalence of these disturbances is mainly due to loss of the protective role of estrogens and increased circulating androgens resulting in changes in body fat distribution and the development of abdominal obesity, which is accompanied by an increased secretion of bioactive substances such as adipocytokines, proinflammatory cytokines, reactive oxygen species, prothrombotic, and vasoconstrictor factors. These factors may also increase the risk of breast cancer and chronic kidney disease and reduce the quality of life during the menopausal transition. Moreover, the adverse  effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular events and metabolic diseases remains controversial.

Therefore, this Special Issue of Metabolites is dedicated to publishing new evidence on the relationship between menopause status and metabolic disturbances. Ongoing and further research works on novel biomarkers and risk factors are important for the improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures to be employed in the management of comorbidities related to menopause.  We hope that this knowledge will enable better understanding of complex metabolic changes occurring during menopause

Dr. Anna Stefanska
Prof. Dr. Grażyna Odrowąż-Sypniewska
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • menopause
  • obesity
  • metabolic syndrome
  • diabetes
  • cardiovascular disease
  • estrogens
  • androgens
  • osteoporosis
  • inflammation
  • prothrombotic state
  • adipokines
  • lipids
  • hormone replacement therapy

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 325 KiB  
Article
Metabolic Syndrome, BMI, and Polymorphism of Estrogen Receptor-α in Peri- and Post-Menopausal Polish Women
by Jan Krakowiak, Dorota Raczkiewicz, Ewa Humeniuk, Artur Wdowiak, Andrzej Wróbel and Iwona Bojar
Metabolites 2022, 12(8), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12080673 - 22 Jul 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1785
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the association between the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) polymorphism and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity, as well as the coexistence of MetS and obesity, in peri- and post-menopausal Polish women. The study group consisted of [...] Read more.
The study aimed to investigate the association between the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) polymorphism and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and obesity, as well as the coexistence of MetS and obesity, in peri- and post-menopausal Polish women. The study group consisted of 202 peri-menopausal and 202 post-menopausal women. ERα polymorphism: Xba I and Pvu II, MetS, BMI, and serum estrogen concentration were analyzed. MetS was found in 29% of the peri-menopausal women and in 21% of the post-menopausal women. BMI did not significantly differ between the peri- and post-menopausal women (≈42% were normal weight, ≈40% were overweight, and ≈18% were obese), (p = 0.82). Serum estrogen concentration in the peri-menopausal women was 91 ± 75 pg/mL, while that in the post-menopausal women was 17 ± 9. pg/mL, on average. Peri-menopausal women with AA and TT genotypes of the ERα polymorphism have a lower risk of obesity and MetS and the co-existence of obesity and MetS, whereas those women with the G or C allele have a higher risk of those health problems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Disorders in Menopause)
10 pages, 269 KiB  
Article
Serum ANGPTL8 and ANGPTL3 as Predictors of Triglyceride Elevation in Adult Women
by Anna Stefanska, Katarzyna Bergmann, Magdalena Krintus, Magdalena Kuligowska-Prusinska, Karolina Murawska and Grazyna Sypniewska
Metabolites 2022, 12(6), 539; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12060539 - 11 Jun 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2111
Abstract
Angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 have been shown to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, and thus regulate triglyceride level in the circulation. Whether the regulation of lipid metabolism by ANGPTLs is affected by the menopausal status remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationships between [...] Read more.
Angiopoietin-like proteins ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 have been shown to inhibit lipoprotein lipase, and thus regulate triglyceride level in the circulation. Whether the regulation of lipid metabolism by ANGPTLs is affected by the menopausal status remains unclear. We aimed to assess the relationships between serum ANGPTL3 and ANGPTL8 and atherogenic biomarkers in presumably healthy women during ageing. The study group included 94 women of whom 31 were premenopausal (PRE ≤ 40 years) and 37 were postmenopausal (POST ≥ 52 years). Atherogenic lipid and non-lipid biomarkers and ANGPTLs (ANGPTL3, ANGPTL8) were assayed in serum samples. TG/HDL-C index, non-HDL-cholesterol, remnant cholesterol concentrations, and BMI were calculated. Median levels of ANGPTL3 and concentrations of lipid biomarkers were significantly higher in POST comparing to PRE but ANGPTL8 levels were not different. In PRE, ANGPTL8 levels correlated significantly with TG and TG/HDL-C index while there were no correlations between ANGPTL3 and these biomarkers. In POST both ANGPTLs correlated with TG, sdLDL-C, and TG/HDL-C. ANGPTL8 and sd-LDL-C were the most significant predictors of early triglyceride elevation > 100 mg/dL (1.13 mmol/L) in the whole group and POST whereas the prediction power of ANGPTL3 was negligible in the whole group and non-significant in the subgroups. We demonstrated a significant positive correlation of ANGPTL3 with age category which predisposes to postmenopause. Despite the increase in ANGPTL3 level with ageing the ANGPTL3/ANGPL8 ratio was maintained. In conclusion, ANGPTL8 predicts the early triglyceride elevation better than ANGPTL3, especially in postmenopausal women. The association of ANGPTL3 with triglyceride levels is weaker than ANGPTL8 and depends on menopausal status. We suggest that the choice for the best efficient treatment of dyslipidemia with new inhibitors of angiopoietin-like proteins may depend on the menopausal status. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Disorders in Menopause)

Review

Jump to: Research, Other

15 pages, 643 KiB  
Review
Metabolic Disorders in Menopause
by Hye Gyeong Jeong and Hyuntae Park
Metabolites 2022, 12(10), 954; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12100954 - 8 Oct 2022
Cited by 42 | Viewed by 5540
Abstract
Menopause is an aging process and an important time equivalent to one-third of a woman’s lifetime. Menopause significantly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MFFLD), and metabolic [...] Read more.
Menopause is an aging process and an important time equivalent to one-third of a woman’s lifetime. Menopause significantly increases the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD)/metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MFFLD), and metabolic syndrome (MetS). Women experience a variety of symptoms in the perimenopausal period, and these symptoms are distressing for most women. Many factors worsen a woman’s menopausal experience, and controlling these factors may be a strategy to improve postmenopausal women’s health. This review aimed to confirm the association between menopause and metabolic diseases (especially MetS), including pathophysiology, definition, prevalence, diagnosis, management, and prevention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Disorders in Menopause)
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Other

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8 pages, 411 KiB  
Commentary
Could Lowering Phytosterol Absorption as Part of Lipid-Lowering Therapy Have a Beneficial Effect on Residual Risk?
by Panagiotis Anagnostis, Vasileios Kotsis, Maciej Banach and Dimitri P. Mikhailidis
Metabolites 2023, 13(2), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo13020145 - 18 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2021
Abstract
Plant sterols are molecules that are structurally similar to cholesterol and provided only as dietary sources (e.g., vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals) since they cannot be synthesized by humans. Sterol-enriched diets (≥2 g/day) may decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 5–10%, either [...] Read more.
Plant sterols are molecules that are structurally similar to cholesterol and provided only as dietary sources (e.g., vegetables, fruits, nuts, cereals) since they cannot be synthesized by humans. Sterol-enriched diets (≥2 g/day) may decrease total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations by 5–10%, either alone or when added to statins, since they antagonize dietary cholesterol absorption in the intestine. On the other hand, increased serum phytosterol concentrations, (including when associated with sitosterolemia, a rare genetic defect) may contribute to atherosclerotic risk, although a threshold for such a role has not been established. Medications such as ezetimibe may effectively reduce cholesterol and phytosterol absorption. Whether the therapeutic approach associated with the reduction of phytosterol absorption is also translated into a reduction in a patient’s residual cardiovascular risk needs to be established. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Disorders in Menopause)
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8 pages, 1309 KiB  
Case Report
The Leydig Steroid Cell Tumor in a Postmenopausal Woman with Clinical and Biochemical Hyperandrogenism: A Case Report
by Larisa V. Suturina, Eldar M. Sharifulin, Maharam A. Sharifulin, Ludmila M. Lazareva, Irina N. Danusevich, Kseniia D. Ievleva and Iana G. Nadeliaeva
Metabolites 2022, 12(7), 620; https://doi.org/10.3390/metabo12070620 - 4 Jul 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1923
Abstract
Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) refer to tumors of the stroma of the genital strand, which are found mainly in postmenopausal women. The diagnosis of LCTs in postmenopausal women is associated with specific difficulties and is based on the identification of hyperandrogenism with clinical [...] Read more.
Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) refer to tumors of the stroma of the genital strand, which are found mainly in postmenopausal women. The diagnosis of LCTs in postmenopausal women is associated with specific difficulties and is based on the identification of hyperandrogenism with clinical manifestations of virilization, which has an erased picture in postmenopausal women. LCTs require differential diagnosis with other causes of hyperandrogenism. We present the clinical case of a 55-year-old Russian postmenopausal patient with LCTs of the right ovary, significantly increased levels of androgens, and rapidly progressive clinical signs of hyperandrogenism. The patient underwent laparoscopic bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, and the androgen indices reached average values by the first and third month after surgery. This case demonstrates that LCTs are often benign with a good prognosis and normalization of the clinical and laboratory manifestations of hyperandrogenism after surgical treatment. The type of surgery performed (bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy rather than unilateral) is recommended as the treatment of choice for LCTs in postmenopausal patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Metabolic Disorders in Menopause)
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