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Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys
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Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys

A special issue of Metals (ISSN 2075-4701). This special issue belongs to the section "Metal Casting, Forming and Heat Treatment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 36913

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Talal Al-Samman

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Guest Editor
RWTH Aachen University, Institute of Physical Metallurgy and Metal Physics (IMM), Aachen, Germany
Interests: lightweight materials; magnesium alloys; plastic deformation; recrystallization and grain growth; texture and microstructure; mechanical properties
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Sangbong Yi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Magnesium Innovations Centre (MagIC), Geesthacht, Germany
Interests: magnesium alloys
Dr. Dietmar Letzig

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht - Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH, Geesthacht, Germany
Interests: magnesium alloys

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Transport is a major contributor for CO2 emissions and globally considered as the most urgent climate problem. Given that efficiency improvements for internal combustion engines are limited, light-weighting by means of optimized vehicle design combined with increased use of low-density metals, such as aluminum and magnesium, is an effective tool to tackle CO2 emissions and produce an efficient low, or even zero carbon vehicle technology by shifting to electromobility. Correspondingly, the global trend towards light-weighting has triggered major international efforts to develop innovative and cost-effective magnesium alloys and processing routes for lightweight structural components.

Extensive use of magnesium alloys in transportation is nevertheless hindered, because we still lack a full understanding of their mechanical and electrochemical behavior resulting from complex interplay between microstructure and alloy chemistry. Compared to steel or aluminum, magnesium alloy research is relatively young, having mostly been published during the past 20 years, which witnessed a significant advancement of high-resolution characterization and atomistic modeling techniques. With this, many new exciting possibilities have emerged that can answer pending questions and stimulate new research areas.

Given the extensive scientific and technological importance of this topic, the guest editors of this Special Issue have teamed up to collect reports on the current status in the field and discuss future trends in R&D activities and industrial magnesium applications and processing technologies. This encompasses advanced materials characterization at different length scales, microstructure manipulation using alloying, thermomechanical treatments, as well as modern material modeling to establish the best composition/processing/microstructure combinations for targeted applications. The aim of this Special Issue is thus to cover a broad scope of contributions that highlight current accomplishments and provide the readers with some perspectives of where research on magnesium alloys is heading in the near future with respect to global challenges.

Dr. Talal Al-Samman
Dr. Sangbong Yi
Dr. Dietmar Letzig
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Metals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • magnesium alloy development
  • advanced processing of magnesium alloys
  • microstructure and process design
  • mechanical performance, damage and fracture
  • computational methods
  • industrial applications including biomedical

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Published Papers (13 papers)

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Editorial

Jump to: Research

7 pages, 1003 KiB  
Editorial
Microstructure–Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys
by Talal Al-Samman, Dietmar Letzig and Sangbong Yi
Metals 2021, 11(12), 1958; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11121958 - 6 Dec 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2288
Abstract
Transport is a major contributor to CO2 emissions and is considered the most urgent global climate problem [...] Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)

Research

Jump to: Editorial

9 pages, 5156 KiB  
Article
Fatigue Properties of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy Processed by Equal-Channel Angular Pressing
by Ryuichi Yamada, Shoichiro Yoshihara and Yasumi Ito
Metals 2021, 11(8), 1191; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11081191 - 26 Jul 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2126
Abstract
A stent is employed to expand a narrowed tubular organ, such as a blood vessel. However, the persistent presence of a stainless steel stent yields several problems of late thrombosis, restenosis and chronic inflammation reactions. Biodegradable magnesium stents have been introduced to solve [...] Read more.
A stent is employed to expand a narrowed tubular organ, such as a blood vessel. However, the persistent presence of a stainless steel stent yields several problems of late thrombosis, restenosis and chronic inflammation reactions. Biodegradable magnesium stents have been introduced to solve these problems. However, magnesium-based alloys suffer from poor ductility and lower than desired fatigue performance. There is still a huge demand for further research on new alloys and stent designs. Then, as fundamental research for this, AZ31 B magnesium alloy has been investigated for the effect of equal-channel angular pressing on the fatigue properties. ECAP was conducted for one pass and eight passes at 300 °C using a die with a channel angle of 90°. An annealed sample and ECAP sample of AZ31 B magnesium alloy were subjected to tensile and fatigue tests. As a result of the tensile test, strength in the ECAP (one pass) sample was higher than in the annealed sample. As a result of the fatigue test, at stress amplitude σa = 100 MPa, the number of cycles to failure was largest in the annealed sample, medium in the ECAP (one pass) sample and lowest in the ECAP (eight passes) sample. It was suggested that the small low cycle fatigue life of the ECAP (eight passes) sample is attributable to severe plastic deformation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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13 pages, 8103 KiB  
Article
Superplasticity at Intermediate Temperatures of ZK60 Magnesium Alloy Processed by Indirect Extrusion
by César Palacios-Trujillo, José Victoria-Hernández, David Hernández-Silva, Dietmar Letzig and Marco A. García-Bernal
Metals 2021, 11(4), 606; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11040606 - 9 Apr 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2390
Abstract
Magnesium alloys usually exhibit excellent superplasticity at high temperature. However, many Mg alloys have poor formation ability near room temperature. Therefore, preparation of Mg alloys with suitable microstructures to show low or intermediate temperature superplasticity is an important goal. In this work, the [...] Read more.
Magnesium alloys usually exhibit excellent superplasticity at high temperature. However, many Mg alloys have poor formation ability near room temperature. Therefore, preparation of Mg alloys with suitable microstructures to show low or intermediate temperature superplasticity is an important goal. In this work, the superplastic behavior at intermediate temperatures of a commercial ZK60 magnesium alloy processed by indirect extrusion was investigated. After extrusion, the alloy showed a refined and homogeneous microstructure with an average grain size of 4 ± 2 μm. Overall texture measurement indicated that the alloy showed a strong prismatic texture with the highest intensity oriented to pole ⟨101¯0⟩. A texture component ⟨1¯21¯1⟩ parallel to the extrusion direction was found; this type of texture is commonly observed in Mg alloys with rare earth additions. Tensile tests were performed at temperatures of 150, 200, and 250 °C at three strain rates of 10−2, 10−3, and 10−4 s−1. A very high ductility was found at 250 °C and 10−4 s−1, resulting in an elongation to failure of 464%. Based on calculations of the activation energy and on interpretation of the deformation mechanism map for magnesium alloys, it was concluded that grain boundary sliding (GBS) is the dominant deformation mechanism. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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10 pages, 56598 KiB  
Article
Effect of Al Content on Texture Evolution and Recrystallization Behavior of Non-Flammable Magnesium Sheet Alloys
by Sumi Jo, Dietmar Letzig and Sangbong Yi
Metals 2021, 11(3), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030468 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2148
Abstract
The effect of Al content on the texture evolution and recrystallization behavior of the non-flammable Mg sheet alloys containing Ca and Y was investigated in this study. With a decrease in the Al content from 3 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the amounts of [...] Read more.
The effect of Al content on the texture evolution and recrystallization behavior of the non-flammable Mg sheet alloys containing Ca and Y was investigated in this study. With a decrease in the Al content from 3 wt.% to 1 wt.%, the amounts of the other alloying elements dissolved in the matrix, especially Ca, are increased. The increase of the alloying elements in a solid solution brought out the retarded recrystallization and weakened texture with the basal poles tilted toward the sheet transverse direction. Extension twinning activity increased when Al content with decreasing, resulting in the texture broadening towards the sheet transverse direction in the as-rolled sheets. The textures of the AZXW1000 and AZXW2000 sheets weaken uniformly in all sample directions during annealing, while the AZXW3000 sheet shows less weakening of the rolling direction split component. The texture weakening of the alloys with lower Al contents is attributed to the retarded recrystallization caused by the larger amount of the dissolved Ca solutes. Based on the non-basal texture and relatively stable grain structure, the Mg alloy sheet containing a relatively small amount of Al is advantageous to improve the formability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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18 pages, 6128 KiB  
Article
Hot Rolling of Magnesium Single Crystals
by José Antonio Estrada-Martínez, David Hernández-Silva and Talal Al-Samman
Metals 2021, 11(3), 443; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030443 - 8 Mar 2021
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2471
Abstract
To analyze the effect of the initial orientation in the activity of twinning and texture development, magnesium single crystals were rolled at 400 °C (nominal furnace temperature) in two specific orientations. In both orientations, the rolling direction of the sheet (RD) was parallel [...] Read more.
To analyze the effect of the initial orientation in the activity of twinning and texture development, magnesium single crystals were rolled at 400 °C (nominal furnace temperature) in two specific orientations. In both orientations, the rolling direction of the sheet (RD) was parallel to the c-axis. For orientation 1, the 112¯0 direction was parallel to the normal direction (ND), and for orientation 2, it was parallel to the 101¯0 direction. The samples were rolled at 30%, 50% and 80% of thickness reduction. After rolling, all the samples were quenched in water to retain the microstructure. The microstructure and texture evolution were characterized by X-ray diffraction and Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD). The initial single crystals were turned into polycrystals, where most grains had their c-axis almost parallel to the ND, and this reorientation was explained by extension twinning. The active twin variants in orientation 1 aligned the basal plane ~30° from the sheet plane and caused a weaker basal texture compared to orientation 2, where the twin variants aligned the basal plane almost parallel to the sheet plane. Strain localization inside contraction twins was observed, and consequently, non-basal grains nucleated inside these twins and weakened the final basal texture only in orientation 1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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20 pages, 4217 KiB  
Article
Adjustment of the Mechanical Properties of Mg2Nd and Mg2Yb by Optimizing Their Microstructures
by Jonas Schmidt, Irene J. Beyerlein, Marko Knezevic and Walter Reimers
Metals 2021, 11(3), 377; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11030377 - 25 Feb 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1870
Abstract
The deformation behavior of the extruded magnesium alloys Mg2Nd and Mg2Yb was investigated at room temperature. By using in situ energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction compression and tensile tests, accompanied by Elasto-Plastic Self-Consistent (EPSC) modeling, the differences in the active deformation systems were analyzed. [...] Read more.
The deformation behavior of the extruded magnesium alloys Mg2Nd and Mg2Yb was investigated at room temperature. By using in situ energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction compression and tensile tests, accompanied by Elasto-Plastic Self-Consistent (EPSC) modeling, the differences in the active deformation systems were analyzed. Both alloying elements change and weaken the extrusion texture and form precipitates during extrusion and subsequent heat treatments relative to common Mg alloys. By varying the extrusion parameters and subsequent heat treatment, the strengths and ductility can be adjusted over a wide range while still maintaining a strength differential effect (SDE) of close to zero. Remarkably, the compressive and tensile yield strengths are similar and there is no mechanical anisotropy when comparing tensile and compressive deformation, which is desirable for industrial applications. Uncommon for Mg alloys, Mg2Nd shows a low tensile twinning activity during compression tests. We show that heat treatments promote the nucleation and growth of precipitates and increase the yield strengths isotopically up to 200 MPa. The anisotropy of the yield strength is reduced to a minimum and elongations to failure of about 0.2 are still achieved. At lower strengths, elongations to failure of up to 0.41 are reached. In the Mg2Yb alloy, adjusting the extrusion parameters enhances the rare-earth texture and reduces the grain size. Excessive deformation twinning is, however, observed, but despite this the SDE is still minimized. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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14 pages, 5659 KiB  
Article
Texture Selection Mechanisms during Recrystallization and Grain Growth of a Magnesium-Erbium-Zinc Alloy
by Fatim-Zahra Mouhib, Fengyang Sheng, Ramandeep Mandia, Risheng Pei, Sandra Korte-Kerzel and Talal Al-Samman
Metals 2021, 11(1), 171; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010171 - 19 Jan 2021
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3208
Abstract
Binary and ternary Mg-1%Er/Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloys were rolled and subsequently subjected to various heat treatments to study texture selection during recrystallization and following grain growth. The results revealed favorable texture alterations in both alloys and the formation of a unique ±40° transvers direction (TD) [...] Read more.
Binary and ternary Mg-1%Er/Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloys were rolled and subsequently subjected to various heat treatments to study texture selection during recrystallization and following grain growth. The results revealed favorable texture alterations in both alloys and the formation of a unique ±40° transvers direction (TD) recrystallization texture in the ternary alloy. While the binary alloy underwent a continuous alteration of its texture and grain size throughout recrystallization and grain growth, the ternary alloy showed a rapid rolling (RD) to transvers direction (TD) texture transition occurring during early stages of recrystallization. Targeted electron back scatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis of the recrystallized fraction unraveled a selective growth behavior of recrystallization nuclei with TD tilted orientations that is likely attributed to solute drag effect on the mobility of specific grain boundaries. Mg-1%Er-1%Zn additionally exhibited a stunning microstructural stability during grain growth annealing. This was attributed to a fine dispersion of dense nanosized particles in the matrix that impeded grain growth by Zener drag. The mechanical properties of both alloys were determined by uniaxial tensile tests combined with EBSD assisted slip trace analysis at 5% tensile strain to investigate non-basal slip behavior. Owing to synergic alloying effects on solid solution strengthening and slip activation, as well as precipitation hardening, the ternary Mg-1%Er-1%Zn alloy demonstrated a remarkable enhancement in the yield strength, strain hardening capability, and failure ductility, compared with the Mg-1%Er alloy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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9 pages, 2225 KiB  
Article
Interaction of Migrating Twin Boundaries with Obstacles in Magnesium
by Andriy Ostapovets, Konstantin Kushnir, Kristián Máthis and Filip Šiška
Metals 2021, 11(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/met11010154 - 15 Jan 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2340
Abstract
Interaction of migrating {101¯2} twin boundary with obstacles was analyzed by atomistic and finite elements computer simulations of magnesium. Two types of obstacles were considered: one is a non-shearable obstacle and another one is the void inside bulk [...] Read more.
Interaction of migrating {101¯2} twin boundary with obstacles was analyzed by atomistic and finite elements computer simulations of magnesium. Two types of obstacles were considered: one is a non-shearable obstacle and another one is the void inside bulk material. It is shown that both types of obstacles inhibit twin growth and increased stress is necessary to engulf the obstacle in both cases. However, the increase of critical resolved shear stress is higher for the passage of the twin boundary through raw of voids than for interaction with non-shearable obstacles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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13 pages, 7862 KiB  
Article
Microstructures and Mechanical Properties of Precipitation-Hardenable Magnesium–Silver–Calcium Alloy Sheets
by Mingzhe Bian, Xinsheng Huang and Yasumasa Chino
Metals 2020, 10(12), 1632; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10121632 - 4 Dec 2020
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2575
Abstract
Precipitation hardening provides one of the most common strengthening mechanisms for magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, we report a new precipitation-hardenable Mg sheet alloy based on the magnesium–silver–calcium system. In a solution treated condition (T4), the strength of Mg–xAg–0.1Ca alloys is enhanced with increasing [...] Read more.
Precipitation hardening provides one of the most common strengthening mechanisms for magnesium (Mg) alloys. Here, we report a new precipitation-hardenable Mg sheet alloy based on the magnesium–silver–calcium system. In a solution treated condition (T4), the strength of Mg–xAg–0.1Ca alloys is enhanced with increasing the Ag content from 1.5 wt.% to 12 wt.%. The Mg–12Ag–0.1Ca (wt.%) alloy sheet shows moderate tensile yield strengths of 193 MPa, 130 MPa, 117 MPa along the rolling direction (RD), 45° and transverse direction (TD) in the T4-treated condition. Subsequent artificial aging at 170 °C for 336 h (T6) increases the tensile yield strengths to 236 MPa, 163 MPa and 143 MPa along the RD, 45° and TD, respectively. This improvement in the tensile yield strength by the T6 treatment can be ascribed to the formation of AgMg4 precipitates lying on the {112¯0}ɑ and pyramidal planes. Our finding is expected to stimulate the development of precipitation-hardenable Mg–Ag-based wrought alloys with high strength. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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22 pages, 5397 KiB  
Article
In Situ Characterization of the Effect of Twin-Microstructure Interactions on {1 0 1 2} Tension and {1 0 1 1} Contraction Twin Nucleation, Growth and Damage in Magnesium
by William D. Russell, Nicholas R. Bratton, YubRaj Paudel, Robert D. Moser, Zackery B. McClelland, Christopher D. Barrett, Andrew L. Oppedal, Wilburn R. Whittington, Hongjoo Rhee, Shiraz Mujahid, Bhasker Paliwal, Sven C. Vogel and Haitham El Kadiri
Metals 2020, 10(11), 1403; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10111403 - 22 Oct 2020
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 3424
Abstract
Through in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiments, this paper uncovers dominant damage mechanisms in traditional magnesium alloys exhibiting deformation twinning. The findings emphasize the level of deleterious strain incompatibility induced by twin interaction with other deformation modes and microstructural defects. A double [...] Read more.
Through in situ electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) experiments, this paper uncovers dominant damage mechanisms in traditional magnesium alloys exhibiting deformation twinning. The findings emphasize the level of deleterious strain incompatibility induced by twin interaction with other deformation modes and microstructural defects. A double fiber obtained by plane-strain extrusion as a starting texture of AM30 magnesium alloy offered the opportunity to track deformation by EBSD in neighboring grains where some undergo profuse {1 0 1 2} twinning and others do not. For a tensile loading applied along extrusion transverse (ET) direction, those experiencing profuse twinning reveal a major effect of grain boundaries on non-Schmid behavior affecting twin variant selection and growth. Similarly, a neighboring grain, with its ⟨c⟩-axis oriented nearly perpendicular to tensile loading, showed an abnormally early nucleation of {1 0 1 1} contraction twins (2% strain) while the same {1 0 1 1} twin mode triggering under ⟨c⟩-axis uniaxial compression have higher value of critical resolved shear stress exceeding the values for pyramidal ⟨c + a⟩ dislocations. The difference in nucleation behavior of contraction vs. compression {1 0 1 1} twins is attributed to the hydrostatic stresses that promote the required atomic shuffles at the core of twinning disconnections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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16 pages, 4569 KiB  
Article
On the Direct Extrusion of Magnesium Wires from Mg-Al-Zn Series Alloys
by Maria Nienaber, Sangbong Yi, Karl Ulrich Kainer, Dietmar Letzig and Jan Bohlen
Metals 2020, 10(9), 1208; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10091208 - 9 Sep 2020
Cited by 28 | Viewed by 4594
Abstract
Wires of magnesium alloys possess a high potential, e.g., as filler materials, for joining applications but also for biodegradable applications, such as suture materials. While the typical process of producing wires is based on a wire drawing process, direct extrusion by using adjusted [...] Read more.
Wires of magnesium alloys possess a high potential, e.g., as filler materials, for joining applications but also for biodegradable applications, such as suture materials. While the typical process of producing wires is based on a wire drawing process, direct extrusion by using adjusted dies to deal with high degrees of deformation allows a one-step manufacturing of wires to some extent. In this work, the extrusion of wires with a thickness of 1 mm and even lower is shown feasible for pure magnesium and three Al-containing magnesium alloys (AZ31, AZ80, AZ91). The surface quality and the mechanical properties are improved with increasing Al content. It is shown that, despite the large difference in the degrees of deformation, the properties and their development are similar to those of extruded round bars. Wrapping tests were carried out as an exemplary more complex forming procedure, and the behavior is correlated to the microstructure and texture of the extruded wires. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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20 pages, 18977 KiB  
Article
High Ductility with a Homogeneous Microstructure of a Mg–Al–Zn Alloy Prepared by Cyclic Expansion Extrusion with an Asymmetrical Extrusion Cavity
by Zhaoming Yan, Jie Zheng, Jiaxuan Zhu, Zhimin Zhang, Qiang Wang and Yong Xue
Metals 2020, 10(8), 1102; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10081102 - 14 Aug 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3123
Abstract
In the current work, cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetrical extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC), as a relatively novel severe plastic deformation method, was applied to fabricate an AZ31B magnesium alloy plate with a size of 50 × 100 × 220 mm, and the resultant [...] Read more.
In the current work, cyclic expansion extrusion with an asymmetrical extrusion cavity (CEE-AEC), as a relatively novel severe plastic deformation method, was applied to fabricate an AZ31B magnesium alloy plate with a size of 50 × 100 × 220 mm, and the resultant microstructure, texture development, and mechanical properties were systematically investigated. A refined and homogeneous grain structure was achieved after three passes of deformation due to dynamic recrystallization. The grain refinement degree in comparison to as-cast alloys was more than ~96%. With the increasing number of CEE-AEC passes, a basal inclination texture was gradually formed, with the basal planes inclined ~45° from the transverse direction to the extrusion direction, which could be attributed to the introduction of an asymmetrical extrusion cavity that led to an increasing Schmid factor for the activation of basal <a> slip systems. The comprehensive mechanical properties were improved by successive multi-passes of CEE-AEC processing, especially due to the ductility reaching to 30.0 ± 1.3% after three passes of deformation. The competition between the grain refinement and texture modification were the main strengthening mechanisms. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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12 pages, 4766 KiB  
Article
Interfacial Reactions between Mg-40Al and Mg-30Y Master Alloys
by Jiahong Dai, Bin Jiang, Hongmei Xie and Qingshan Yang
Metals 2020, 10(6), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/met10060825 - 20 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
Interfacial reactions between Mg-40Al and Mg-30Y master alloys were investigated at intervals of 25 °C in the 350–400 °C by using a diffusion couple method. Noticeable reaction layers were formed at the interfaces of the diffusion couples. The concentration profiles of the reaction [...] Read more.
Interfacial reactions between Mg-40Al and Mg-30Y master alloys were investigated at intervals of 25 °C in the 350–400 °C by using a diffusion couple method. Noticeable reaction layers were formed at the interfaces of the diffusion couples. The concentration profiles of the reaction layers were characterized. The diffusion path of the diffusion couple at 400 °C is constructed on the Mg-Al-Y ternary isothermal temperature phase diagram. The phases of the reaction layer were characterized by X-ray diffraction. The interfacial reaction thermodynamics of diffusion couples were studied. These results indicate that Al2Y is the only new formed intermetallic phase in the reaction layers. The growth constants of the reaction layers were calculated. In the reaction layer II, the integrated interdiffusion coefficients of Al are higher than Y, the diffusion activation energy of Y is higher than that of Al. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microstructure-Mechanical Properties and Application of Magnesium Alloys)
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