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Microbiology Research
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Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs
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Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs

A special issue of Microbiology Research (ISSN 2036-7481).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2024) | Viewed by 11393

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471000, China
Interests: bacterial pathogenesis; virulence; bacterial protein; antimicrobial drug discovery; vaccine
Prof. Dr. Jiazhang Qiu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Ministry of Education, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130000, China
Interests: bacterial pathogenesis; antimicrobial drug discovery

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Zoonotic pathogens have always been a major threat to global public health security and agricultural production. More than 60% of all known human pathogens are zoonotic, with 75% of all emerging infectious diseases causing zoonoses. Many factors, including geographic demographics, the environment, and social characteristics such as the indiscriminate and higher use of antibiotics in animal husbandry, combine to promote the spread of zoonotic diseases. The “One Health” approach is advocated to link human health, animal health, and the environment. In terms of bacterial zoonotic pathogens, the emergence and extensive spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria of animal origin has alerted us to the dangers of the use of antibiotics in animals worldwide. At present, research in the medical and veterinary fields is committed to effectively controlling the spread of zoonotic pathogens, interfering with the pathogenic process, and curbing the development of antibiotic resistance. In this Special Issue, relevant original research articles and reviews focusing on the bacterial epidemiology of zoonotic bacteria, pathogenesis, vaccine development research, the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance as well as anti-virulence therapies of alternative antibiotics and other strategies to curb the development of antibiotic resistance are welcome, especially those linking closely the findings and practical applications.

Prof. Dr. Yang Wang
Prof. Dr. Jiazhang Qiu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • bacterial pathogenesis
  • host–bacterial interactions
  • bacteria resistant
  • pathogenic detection
  • vaccine
  • zoonotic

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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15 pages, 1003 KiB  
Article
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing- and Carbapenem–Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Diarrheic Dogs in Tunisia: First Report of blaIMP Gene in Companion Animals
by Asma Ben Haj Yahia, Ghassan Tayh, Sarrah Landolsi, Ala Maazaoui, Faten Ben Chehida, Aymen Mamlouk, Monia Dâaloul-Jedidi and Lilia Messadi
Microbiol. Res. 2024, 15(3), 1119-1133; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15030075 - 30 Jun 2024
Viewed by 923
Abstract
Escherichia coli is an important opportunistic pathogen, causing several infections in dogs. The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli occurring in companion animals becomes an emerging problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in diarrheic dogs, investigate the occurrence [...] Read more.
Escherichia coli is an important opportunistic pathogen, causing several infections in dogs. The antimicrobial resistance of E. coli occurring in companion animals becomes an emerging problem. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of ESBL-producing E. coli in diarrheic dogs, investigate the occurrence and molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant isolates, and determine their virulence genes. Fecal samples were collected from 150 diarrheic dogs in Tunisia. E. coli isolates were screened for antimicrobial resistance against 21 antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. The characterization of β-lactamase genes, associated resistance genes, and virulence genes was studied using PCR. Among 95 E. coli strains, 25 were ESBL-producing, and most of them were multidrug-resistant. The most prevalent β-lactamase genes were blaCTX-M1 (n = 14), blaTEM (n = 3), and blaCMY (n = 2). The blaIMP carbapenemase gene was found in two carbapenem-resistant isolates, which showed that carbapenemase-producing E. coli spread to companion animals in Tunisia. Different virulence genes associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli were detected. This is the first report of the characterization of carbapenem resistance and virulence genes in dogs in North Africa. Our study showed that diarrheic dogs in Tunisia can be a potential reservoir of ESBL- or carbapenemase-producing E. coli with a possible risk of transmission to humans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
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12 pages, 1951 KiB  
Article
Ingested Microplastics Can Act as Microbial Vectors of Ichthyofauna
by Abdulhusein Jawdhari, György Deák, Dan Florin Mihăilescu, Nicolai Crăciun, Andrea Cristina Staicu, Ioana Stanca, Derniza Cozorici, Sergiu Fendrihan, Cristian-Emilian Pop and Maria Mernea
Microbiol. Res. 2024, 15(2), 614-625; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres15020040 - 23 Apr 2024
Viewed by 1402
Abstract
Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) are ubiquitous pollutants that have the ability to carry microbiota, including pathogens. Microbial adhesion is usually a sign of pathogenicity; thus, we investigated the adherent microbiota found on 4 mm nylon strips, which were ingested and excreted [...] Read more.
Microplastics (plastic particles < 5 mm) are ubiquitous pollutants that have the ability to carry microbiota, including pathogens. Microbial adhesion is usually a sign of pathogenicity; thus, we investigated the adherent microbiota found on 4 mm nylon strips, which were ingested and excreted by wild fish specimens. Retention times were recorded and the polymer analysis of the excreted samples was performed, which showed no signs of degradation, nor did their controls, represented by the nylon strips submerged in the same water tanks. Both the ingested samples and controls presented pathogens in large quantities. Following Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-Of-Flight identification, the dominant genus was represented by Aeromonas, revealing the fact that nylon microplastics can serve as undegradable physical carriers for this pathogen, among others, in the aquatic environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
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7 pages, 249 KiB  
Communication
Q Fever in Unexplained Febrile Illness in Northern Algeria
by H. Ghaoui, N. Achour, A. Saad-Djaballah, S. I. Belacel, I. Bitam and P. E. Fournier
Microbiol. Res. 2023, 14(4), 1589-1595; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14040109 - 9 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1278
Abstract
Our study aimed at assessing the role of Coxiella burnetii in nonspecific febrile illness at the National Center of Infectious Diseases in Algeria, EL-HADI FLICI Hospital. Seventy patients were included and compared to seventy controls without any ongoing infection. Coxiella burnetii infection was [...] Read more.
Our study aimed at assessing the role of Coxiella burnetii in nonspecific febrile illness at the National Center of Infectious Diseases in Algeria, EL-HADI FLICI Hospital. Seventy patients were included and compared to seventy controls without any ongoing infection. Coxiella burnetii infection was investigated using IFA serology and qPCR. Serology was positive in 3 of 70 patients (4.30%), including 1 in whom PCR was also positive (1.42%). All three patients reported frequent contact with ruminants. These results suggest that C. burnetii is an agent of nonspecific febrile illness in Algeria. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
18 pages, 850 KiB  
Article
Emergence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria at the Human–Livestock–Environment Interface in Zambia
by Mildred Zulu, Sydney Malama, Ngula Monde, Henson Kainga, Rabecca Tembo, Florence Mwaba, Shereen Ahmed Saad, Victor Daka, Andrew N. Mukubesa, Joseph Ndebe, Obi Shambaba and Musso Munyeme
Microbiol. Res. 2023, 14(1), 430-447; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14010032 - 18 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2754
Abstract
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections and disease is rising worldwide due to increased research, diagnostics capabilities, and awareness of the disease. There is limited prevalence data for NTM from different sources in Zambia. The aim of this study was to determine [...] Read more.
The prevalence of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) infections and disease is rising worldwide due to increased research, diagnostics capabilities, and awareness of the disease. There is limited prevalence data for NTM from different sources in Zambia. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and species distribution of NTM at the human–livestock–environment interface. A cross-section study was conducted in Namwala, Chipata, and Lundazi Districts of Zambia from April 2020 to December 2021. Sputum samples were collected from tuberculosis presumptive patients from different health centers, cattle tissues were collected from different abattoirs during routine post-mortem, and water samples were collected from different drinking points for humans and animals such as taps, boreholes, wells, rivers, dams and ponds, and then cultured following standard mycobacteriology procedures. Capilia TB-Neo assay was used to identify NTM from the positive cultures. DNA was extracted and the 16S to 23S rRNA (internal transcribed spacer region) (ITS) was amplified and sequenced to identify the species. The overall prevalence of NTM from humans, cattle, and water was 9.1% (72/794, 95% CI 7.2–11.3). The prevalence in humans was 7.8% (33/421, 95% CI 5.54–10.94), in cattle it was 10.6% (15/142, 95% CI 6.2–17.1), and in water it was 10.4% (24/231, 95% CI 6.9–15.2). Our study has shown, for the first time in Zambia, simultaneous isolation of NTM at the human–livestock–environment interface; M. avium complex and M. fortuitum were the most commonly isolated species. M. fortuitum and M. gordonae were isolated from all three sources, while M. abscessus was isolated from humans and water. The isolation of similar NTM species at the interface which are potentially pathogenic is a public health problem which merits further investigation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
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11 pages, 462 KiB  
Article
Escherichia coli Isolated from Vegans, Vegetarians and Omnivores: Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence Factors, Pathogenicity Islands and Phylogenetic Classification
by Ariane Tiemy Tizura, João Gabriel Material Soncini, Vanessa Lumi Koga, Renata Katsuko Takayama Kobayashi, Zuleica Naomi Tano and Eliana Carolina Vespero
Microbiol. Res. 2022, 13(4), 825-835; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres13040058 - 14 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2430
Abstract
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli have acquired virulence factors, which confer an increased ability to cause a broad spectrum of enteric diseases and extraintestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile of and the presence of virulence-associated [...] Read more.
Pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli have acquired virulence factors, which confer an increased ability to cause a broad spectrum of enteric diseases and extraintestinal infections. The aim of this study was to analyze the antimicrobial resistance profile of and the presence of virulence-associated genes (VAGs) in E. coli fecal isolates from omnivores, vegetarians and vegans. A control group of 60 isolates from omnivores, as well as a study group with 41 isolates from vegetarians and 17 from vegans, were analyzed. Isolates from both groups showed a high rate of resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and nalidixic acid, and some of them were positive for the ESBL test (12% of isolates from vegetarians/vegans and 5% of isolates from omnivores). The most predominant VAGs detected in isolates from omnivores were fimH (70%), iutA (32%), fyuA (32%) and traT (32%), while among isolates from vegetarians or vegans, the most predominant were traT (62%), kpsMT k1 (28%) and iutA (22%). Most isolates from omnivores (55%) were positive for PAI I536, while most of those from vegetarians/vegans (59%) were positive for PAI IV536. Phylogenetic group A, composed of commensal non-pathogenic isolates that survive in the intestinal tract, was the most prevalent in both control and study groups. Some VAGs were found in only one of the groups, such as the pathogenicity island PAI III536, found in 12% of the isolates from omnivores, while the kpsMT III gene (15%) was detected only among isolates from vegetarians/vegans. Interestingly, this gene codes for a polysaccharide capsule found mainly in E. coli isolates causing intestinal infections, including EPEC, ETEC and EHEC. Finally, our results show that there were no advantages in vegetarian or vegan diets compared to the omnivorous diet, as in both groups we detected isolates harboring VAGs and displaying resistance to antibiotics, especially those most commonly used to treat urinary tract infections. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
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10 pages, 741 KiB  
Case Report
Uncovering a Rarely Diagnosed Disease: Severe Leptospirosis with Multiorgan Failure in Slovakia
by Ondrej Zahornacky, Štefan Porubčin, Alena Rovňáková, Ján Fedačko and Pavol Jarčuška
Microbiol. Res. 2023, 14(4), 1524-1533; https://doi.org/10.3390/microbiolres14040104 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1239
Abstract
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria from the genus Leptospira. The infection occurs mainly in developing countries in the tropical zone and countries with lower hygiene standards. The highest incidence is observed especially in environments associated with the presence of [...] Read more.
Leptospirosis is a zoonotic disease caused by bacteria from the genus Leptospira. The infection occurs mainly in developing countries in the tropical zone and countries with lower hygiene standards. The highest incidence is observed especially in environments associated with the presence of rodents, mainly rats, which are a potential source of infection. The clinical manifestations and severity of leptospirosis are highly variable. This case report describes the a 53-year-old patient (male) without comorbidities, who was admitted to an infectious disease department in the east of Slovakia for jaundice, general fatigue, weakness, and fever (health difficulties for approximately 7 days at home). The clinical laboratory picture of the patient was dominated by significant hyperbilirubinemia, acute renal failure, hepatopathy, severe thrombocytopenia, and involvement of the lung parenchyma in the sense of bilateral interstitial pneumonia on chest X-ray. A double combination of antibiotics (ceftriaxone and clarithromycin) were added to the treatment. During hospitalization, a diagnosis of leptospirosis was suspected based on medical history and the results of laboratory tests and was subsequently confirmed serologically. The antibiotic regimen was de-escalated to cephalosporin (ceftriaxone) monotherapy with adequate laboratory and clinical effects (on the 4th day). The patient was discharged after a total of 18 days in good clinical condition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Zoonotic Bacteria: Infection, Pathogenesis and Drugs)
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