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Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and...
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Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Geochemistry and Geochronology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2023) | Viewed by 6610

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yonghong Shi

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Guest Editor
School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: metamorphic petrology and sedimentary chronology of orogenic belts
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Fukun Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
Interests: geochemistry; isotope geochronology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Jiahao Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
Interests: tectonic evolution of orogenic belt; ductile shear zone; sedimentary basins
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues

An orogenic belt is a key region for the exploration of the plate coupling process and earth evolution history, and its accurate structural framework, metamorphism, deformation and age sequence are crucial for understanding the formation mechanism of the orogenic belt. Systematic studies of regional metamorphic petrology, tectonic geology and chronology have played an important role in fully understanding the dynamic mechanism of orogenic belts. A precise P–T–t path can fully repair the multistage formation environment and behavior characteristics of a plate, a detailed tectonic analysis can distinctly depict the subduction–exhumation state of a plate and explain its formation process, and chronological research can record the evolution process of an orogenic belt in respect of the time scale. However, it is difficult to accurately evaluate PT conditions in different stages due to the influence of re-equilibrium and decompression. How to accurately link and match the chronology analysis with the metamorphism and deformation of multiple periods is also a key point. At the same time, the extreme metamorphism in an orogenic belt has become a research hotspot, especially the ultra-high temperature metamorphism, and direct petrographic evidence and a precise quantitative evaluation are important for the confirmation of the extreme metamorphism. This Special Issue focuses on the fine metamorphic petrology, thermodynamics, chronology, structural geometry and kinematics, and the evolution of the orogenic belt will be probed by integrate research from the micro- and macroscale. In addition, the sedimentology and detrital zircon studies of orogenic belts are also important supplements and contributions for interpreting the formation, provenance and evolution of orogenic belts.

Prof. Dr. Yonghong Shi
Prof. Dr. Fukun Chen
Dr. Jiahao Li
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • orogen
  • regional metamorphic petrology
  • P–T–t path
  • extreme metamorphism structural geology
  • tectonic evolution
  • geochemistry and isotope geochronology
  • detrital zircon dating
  • mineral deposit

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

28 pages, 41392 KiB  
Article
Geology, Petrology, and Mineralogy of Hornfels-like Rocks (Beerbachite) in the Early Paleozoic Olkhon Collisional Orogen (West Baikal Area, Russia)
by Eugene V. Sklyarov, Sergei A. Kargopolov, Andrey V. Lavrenchuk, Evgenii V. Pushkarev and Dina V. Semenova
Minerals 2023, 13(11), 1370; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13111370 - 26 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1332
Abstract
Geological, mineralogical, and petrological observations are reported for hornfels-like fine-grained granular mafic rocks in the Early Paleozoic Olkhon collisional orogen (West Baikal area, Russia). The rocks are composed of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, and ilmenite; some samples also contain olivine, phlogopite, spinel, and [...] Read more.
Geological, mineralogical, and petrological observations are reported for hornfels-like fine-grained granular mafic rocks in the Early Paleozoic Olkhon collisional orogen (West Baikal area, Russia). The rocks are composed of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, amphibole, plagioclase, and ilmenite; some samples also contain olivine, phlogopite, spinel, and titanomagnetite (Opx+Cpx+Amp+Pl+Ilm±Ol±Bt±Spl±Ti-Mag). There are three occurrences of these rocks in the area: a 500 m × 1000 m field in the Shirokaya Valley, another occurrence within the Tazheran Massif (a complex of igneous and metamorphic rocks), and dismembered dikes on the southern margin of the Birkhin gabbro intrusion. The Shirokaya field is located between two 500 Ma intrusions of the Birkhin gabbro; the Tazheran occurrence coexists with syenite, including nepheline syenite, subalkaline gabbro, and marble protrusions; and the dismembered dikes coexist with carbonates and display progressive alteration of dolerite through typical granular varieties. The dikes associated with granite and marble veins mark a part of a large arc-shaped shear zone that traverses the whole intrusive body produced by rotation of a rigid gabbro block during the peak of tectonic deformation at 470–460 Ma. All three occurrences of the hornfels-like rocks lack any evident source of heat that would be responsible for the thermal alteration of the igneous protolith. We hypothesize that the precursor, subvolcanic dolerite, may have undergone autometamorphism maintained by self-generated heat. Mafic magma intruded during high-rate strike–slip faulting, which caused rapid recrystallization of magmatic minerals and produced the observed metamorphic structures. Proceeding from the controversy in the formation mechanisms, with a heat source required for hornfels but lacking from the sampled occurrences of hornfels-like rocks, we suggest identifying the latter as beerbachite, though the term has mostly fallen into disuse. The reason is that the Olkhon rocks we study have a mineralogy, structure, and texture that are perfectly identical to those of beerbachites described in publications from the first half of the 20th century. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II)
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19 pages, 8432 KiB  
Article
Source and Migration of Fluids in a Meso-Tethyan Subduction Zone: Fluid Inclusion Study of Syn-Mélange Veins from the Mugagangri Accretionary Complex
by Xinyu Liu, Min Zeng, Chenwei Li, Si Chen and Tianyuan Li
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1196; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091196 - 12 Sep 2023
Viewed by 1116
Abstract
The Mugagangri Group (MG), located at the southern margin of the Qiangtang terrane in Tibet, is a crucial research target for understanding the subduction and accretion history of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. Extensional crack-seal veins restricted within sandstone blocks from the broken formation in [...] Read more.
The Mugagangri Group (MG), located at the southern margin of the Qiangtang terrane in Tibet, is a crucial research target for understanding the subduction and accretion history of the Meso-Tethys Ocean. Extensional crack-seal veins restricted within sandstone blocks from the broken formation in the MG (Gaize) formed synchronously in the mélange formation. The primary inclusions trapped in the veins recorded multiple pieces of information during the formation of the accretionary wedge. To precisely constrain the MG subduction–accretion processes, we investigated the trapping temperature, salinity, density, and composition of the fluid inclusions within the crack-seal veins derived from the broken formation in the MG (Gaize). The primary inclusions indicate that the crack was sealed at ~151–178 °C. The salinity of the primary inclusions exhibited a well-defined average of 3.3 ± 0.7 wt% NaCl equivalent, slightly lower than the average of seawater (3.5 wt%). There were no nonpolar gases, and only H2O (low salinity) was detectable in the primary inclusions. These characteristics suggest that the syn-mélange fluids were a type of pore fluid in the shallow subduction zone, with the principal source being pore water from sediments overlying the oceanic crust. Because of mineral dehydration and compaction, the pore fluids became more diluted with H2O and fluid overpressure owing to a pore fluid pressure that was greater than the hydrostatic pressure. Subsequently, the creation of cracks through hydraulic fracturing provided a novel pathway for the flow of fluids which, in turn, contributed to the décollement step-down and underthrusting processes. These fractures acted as conduits for fluid movement and played a crucial role in facilitating these peculiar occurrences of quartz veins. The depth (~5 km) and temperature estimates of the fluid expulsion align with the conditions of the décollement step-down, thereby leading to the trapping of fluids within the sandstone blocks and their subsequent underplating to the accretionary complex. In our preferred model, such syn-mélange fluids have the potential to provide valuable constraints on the subduction–accretion processes occurring in other accretionary complexes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II)
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17 pages, 6172 KiB  
Article
The Mid-Cretaceous Tectonothermal Evolution of the Zhangbaling Tectonic Belt, East China: Evidence from Zircon (U–Th)/He and Detrital Zircon U–Pb Dating
by Yongsheng Wang, Qiao Bai, Weiwei Ma, Juanhao Yang and Zhensheng Li
Minerals 2023, 13(9), 1142; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13091142 - 30 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1097
Abstract
The Zhangbaling tectonic belt (ZTB), one of the most representative tectonic belts in East China, has experienced uplift since the Early Cretaceous and is, thus, an excellent object for understanding the tectonic uplift and topographical evolution of East China and the whole of [...] Read more.
The Zhangbaling tectonic belt (ZTB), one of the most representative tectonic belts in East China, has experienced uplift since the Early Cretaceous and is, thus, an excellent object for understanding the tectonic uplift and topographical evolution of East China and the whole of East Asia. On the basis of field observations, in this contribution to the literature, we carried out detrital zircon LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating for the Upper Cretaceous sediments in the basins adjacent to the ZTB and zircon (U–Th)/He dating for the Early Cretaceous plutons along the western flank of this belt. Detailed field observation showed that the orthogneiss of the Feidong Complex experienced sinistral strike–slip activities, while the marbles underwent thrusting; thrust faults were developed in the Early Cretaceous plutons and volcanic rocks, and normal faults were superimposed on thrust or strike–slip faults. The detrital zircon dating results showed that the Upper Cretaceous sediments are characterized by an Early Cretaceous major cluster with just a minor cluster from the middle Neoproterozoic ages, indicating that the Zhangbaling Group and the Feidong Complex of the ZTB are not their main provenance. Zircon (U–Th)/He dating results showed that the ZTB experienced rapid uplifting during the mid-Cretaceous and recorded another rapid uplifting after 30 Ma. Combining existing research with our new data, it can be concluded that the ZTB was characterized by thrust activity in the mid-Cretaceous, which occurred under regional compression setting and was the basis of the formation of a watershed after 30 Ma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II)
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19 pages, 11718 KiB  
Article
Two-Stage Evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault System during the Tertiary: Constraints from Heavy Mineral Chemistry in Sediments of the Northwestern Qaidam Basin, Western China
by Lu Bai, Ling Fu, Ping Guan and Daowei Zhang
Minerals 2023, 13(8), 1076; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13081076 - 13 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1134
Abstract
The tectonic evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) remains controversial during the Tertiary. Qaidam Basin is the largest and highest plateau inland basin inside the Tibet Plateau. Sediments in the basin provide sedimentary records of the evolution history of its surrounding orogens, [...] Read more.
The tectonic evolution of the Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) remains controversial during the Tertiary. Qaidam Basin is the largest and highest plateau inland basin inside the Tibet Plateau. Sediments in the basin provide sedimentary records of the evolution history of its surrounding orogens, such as the ATF, located on the northwest margin of the Qaidam Basin. Comprehensive analyses of sandstone petrography, heavy mineral assemblages, and mineral geochemistry were adopted to effectively indicate the tectonic evolution history of ATF. The result indicates that the sediments in a wide range of the northwestern Qaidam Basin (e.g., the Xichagou section, the Yueyashan section) were derived from the Altyn Mountains. The increasing immaturity of sediments, increased denudation, and sedimentation processes from the early-middle Miocene to the Pliocene can be explained by the active tectonic setting of the ATF. During the early Miocene (ca. 22 Ma), there was an abrupt change in the heavy mineral composition of sediments in the northwestern Qaidam Basin. This change may be attributed to the large-scale slip motion along the ATF. Therefore, ~22 Ma is the key transforming period of the ATF system. On the foundation of the above, we suggest a two-stage evolution model of the ATF during the Tertiary: (1) From the late Eocene to the Oligocene, the tectonic setting of the ATF was relatively calm; (2) During the early Miocene period, the ATF underwent large-scale tectonic activation. It is likely to be a strike-slip tectonic activity, accompanied by an uplift of the Altyn Mountains. The active tectonic setting of the ATF was sustained after the Miocene. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II)
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15 pages, 27418 KiB  
Article
Multiple-Stage Neoproterozoic Magmatism Recorded in the Zhangbaling Uplift of the Northeastern Yangtze Block: Evidence from Zircon Ages and Geochemistry
by Jing Wang, Jun He, Jingxin Zhao, Yizeng Yang and Fukun Chen
Minerals 2023, 13(4), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/min13040562 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1298
Abstract
The Yangtze Block records Neoproterozoic magmatism and sedimentation related to the breakup of Rodinia and is an important piece in the reconstruction of the supercontinent. However, the tectonic setting and position of this block in Rodinia remain a subject of debate. In the [...] Read more.
The Yangtze Block records Neoproterozoic magmatism and sedimentation related to the breakup of Rodinia and is an important piece in the reconstruction of the supercontinent. However, the tectonic setting and position of this block in Rodinia remain a subject of debate. In the present study, we report the zircon U-Pb ages and Hf isotopic composition of zircon and geochemical and Nd-Pb isotopic compositions for meta-volcanic rocks exposed in the Zhangbaling uplift of the NE Yangtze Block. The volcanic rocks, dominated by rhyolite and dacite, belong to the calc-alkaline series and show geochemical characteristics of arc rocks. Zircon U-Pb isotopic ages show that volcanic rocks in the Xileng Formation formed at ca. 790 Ma and ca. 760–700 Ma peaking at ~740 Ma. The late-stage volcanism was widely exposed in the uplift, characterized by a temporal-spatial trend becoming younger southwards. The old volcanic rocks have low initial εNd (−11.0) and εHf (−19.7 to −8.2) values and low Pb isotopic ratios, likely indicating an origin from ancient basement rocks underneath the Yangtze Block. The younger ones, being similar to continental arc andesite in trace element compositions, have relatively high initial εNd (mostly −4.6 to 0.5) and εHf (−0.4 to 8.8) values and high Pb isotopic ratios. These isotopic features point to an origin from the partial melting of juvenile crustal rocks. Sedimentary rocks of the Xileng Formation and the overlying strata also contain numerous zircon grains of ~700 Ma to ~630 Ma. The volcanic rocks in the Zhangbaling uplift might demonstrate long-lasting subduction along the northeastern margin of the Yangtze Block, probably active until ca. 700 Ma. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Tectonic Evolution of Orogens: Metamorphic Petrology, Structural Geology, Geochronology and Geochemistry, Volume II)
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