Advancements in Mineral Resource Characterization Using Machine Learning

A special issue of Minerals (ISSN 2075-163X). This special issue belongs to the section "Mineral Exploration Methods and Applications".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 October 2025 | Viewed by 1335

Special Issue Editors

Department of Mining Engineering, University of Chile, Santiago 8370450, Chile
Interests: geostatistics; machine learning; data analysis; resource estimation; geological modeling
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Guest Editor
Department of Metallurgical and Mining Engineering, Universidad Católica del Norte, Antofagasta 1270709, Chile
Interests: geostatistical modeling; resource estimation; data analysis
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Guest Editor
School of Mineral Resources Engineering, Technical University of Crete, 731 00 Chania, Greece
Interests: space-time geostatistics; gaussian processes; non-Eucledian spatial metrics; risk analysis; groundwater; sustainable development in mining
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Guest Editor
Department of Mining Engineering, University of Kashan, Kashan 87137, Iran
Interests: mineral resource evaluation; geostatistics; machine learning; metaheuristic optimization methods

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The traditional methods of mineral resource characterization have long relied on geological models, statistical techniques, and manual workflows to assess the quantity, quality, and distribution of mineral deposits. However, with the rapid advancement of machine learning (ML), new opportunities are emerging to improve the accuracy, efficiency, and predictive power of these assessments. By leveraging vast and complex datasets, ML algorithms offer innovative solutions to geological and geospatial challenges, optimizing exploration, resource management, and geometallurgical processes.

This Special Issue seeks to explore the latest advancements in applying ML techniques to the characterization of mineral resources. The integration of ML—such as deep learning, neural networks, ensemble methods, and unsupervised learning—into resource modeling workflows holds significant potential for improving the precision of geological models, understanding mineral deposit distribution, and automating time-consuming tasks.

We invite submissions of original scientific research focusing on the following topics:

  1. The application of machine learning algorithms to enhance mineral resource characterization, including both supervised and unsupervised learning techniques.
  2. The integration of geospatial and geological data with machine learning methods to improve resource models and predict mineral deposit distribution.
  3. Innovative data processing and feature selection approaches for enhancing machine learning model performance in geological and geometallurgical contexts.
  4. The automation and optimization of workflows through ML, especially in tasks such as remote sensing, geological mapping, and mineral classification.
  5. Case studies and practical applications that demonstrate the successful use of machine learning in mineral resource characterization across various geological environments.

This Special Issue will contribute to a deeper understanding of how machine learning can be applied to solve real-world problems in mineral resource characterization. It will serve as a valuable resource for researchers, practitioners, and industries aiming to stay at the forefront of technology-driven advancements in resource modeling.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Nadia Mery
Dr. Mohammad Maleki
Dr. Emmanouil Varouchakis
Dr. Saeed Soltani-Mohammadi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Minerals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mineral resource characterization
  • machine learning in geology
  • geospatial data analysis
  • deep learning in mining
  • supervised learning
  • unsupervised learning
  • geological and geometallurgical modeling
  • data mining in mining
  • neural networks for resource estimation
  • predictive modeling in mining
  • mineral exploration
  • feature selection for geological data
  • automated resource estimation
  • remote sensing and machine learning
  • ensemble methods in mining
  • mining data analytics
  • optimization in resource estimation
  • AI in mineral resource assessment
  • geospatial modeling in mining
  • mineral deposit modeling
  • geometallurgical data analysis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

27 pages, 15736 KiB  
Article
Predicting Manganese Mineralization Using Multi-Source Remote Sensing and Machine Learning: A Case Study from the Malkansu Manganese Belt, Western Kunlun
by Jiahua Zhao, Li He, Jiansheng Gong, Zhengwei He, Ziwen Feng, Jintai Pang, Wanting Zeng, Yujun Yan and Yan Yuan
Minerals 2025, 15(2), 113; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15020113 - 24 Jan 2025
Viewed by 444
Abstract
This study employs multi-source remote sensing information and machine learning methods to comprehensively assess the geological background, structural features, alteration anomalies, and spectral characteristics of the Malkansu Manganese Ore Belt in Xinjiang. Manganese mineralization is predicted, and areas with high mineralization potential are [...] Read more.
This study employs multi-source remote sensing information and machine learning methods to comprehensively assess the geological background, structural features, alteration anomalies, and spectral characteristics of the Malkansu Manganese Ore Belt in Xinjiang. Manganese mineralization is predicted, and areas with high mineralization potential are delineated. The results of the feature factor weight analysis indicate that structural density and lithological characteristics contribute most significantly to manganese mineralization. Notably, linear structures are aligned with the direction of the manganese belt, and areas exhibiting high controlling structural density are closely associated with the locations of mineral deposits, suggesting that structure plays a crucial role in manganese production in this region. The Area Under the Curve (AUC) values for the Random Forest (RF), Naïve Bayes (NB), and eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) models were 0.975, 0.983, and 0.916, respectively, indicating that all three models achieved a high level of performance and interpretability. Among these, the NB model demonstrated the highest performance. By algebraically overlaying the predictions from these three machine learning models, a comprehensive mineralization favorability map was generated, identifying 11 prospective mineralization zones. The performance metrics of the machine learning models validate their robustness, while regional tectonics and stratigraphic lithology provide valuable characteristic factors for this approach. This study integrates multi-source remote sensing information with machine learning methods to enhance the effectiveness of manganese prediction, thereby offering new research perspectives for manganese forecasting in the Malkansu Manganese Ore Belt. Full article
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17 pages, 7198 KiB  
Article
DCGAN-Based Feature Augmentation: A Novel Approach for Efficient Mineralization Prediction Through Data Generation
by Soran Qaderi, Abbas Maghsoudi, Amin Beiranvand Pour, Abdorrahman Rajabi and Mahyar Yousefi
Minerals 2025, 15(1), 71; https://doi.org/10.3390/min15010071 - 13 Jan 2025
Viewed by 669
Abstract
This study aims to improve the efficiency of mineral exploration by introducing a novel application of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) to augment geological evidence layers. By training a DCGAN model with existing geological, geochemical, and remote sensing data, we have synthesized [...] Read more.
This study aims to improve the efficiency of mineral exploration by introducing a novel application of Deep Convolutional Generative Adversarial Networks (DCGANs) to augment geological evidence layers. By training a DCGAN model with existing geological, geochemical, and remote sensing data, we have synthesized new, plausible layers of evidence that reveal unrecognized patterns and correlations. This approach deepens the understanding of the controlling factors in the formation of mineral deposits. The implications of this research are significant and could improve the efficiency and success rate of mineral exploration projects by providing more reliable and comprehensive data for decision-making. The predictive map created using the proposed feature augmentation technique covered all known deposits in only 18% of the study area. Full article
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