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Advances in the Synthesis and Characterization of Materials for Efficient Energy Storage

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 April 2025 | Viewed by 2566

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
Interests: functional polymer; chiral nanomaterials; energy storage and transfer; supramolecular self-assembly
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue entitled “Advances in the Synthesis and Characterization of Materials for Efficient Energy Storage” aims to explore the latest developments in the field of energy storage materials, primarily focusing on the synthesis and characterization of these materials which are crucial for the development of high-performance energy storage devices and the various types of energy storage systems, including batteries, supercapacitors, and fuel cells. This Special Issue highlights the importance of nanotechnology in the synthesis of energy storage materials, and also delves into the characterization techniques used to analyze the properties and performance of these materials. Types of contributions to this Special Issue include full research articles, short communications, and reviews.

Prof. Dr. Yi Li
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • energy storage materials
  • batteries
  • supercapacitors
  • fuel cells
  • analysis technology
  • nanotechnology

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 6484 KiB  
Article
In Situ Synthesis of CoMoO4 Microsphere@rGO as a Matrix for High-Performance Li-S Batteries at Room and Low Temperatures
by Ronggang Zhang, Haiji Xiong, Jia Liang, Jinwei Yan, Dingrong Deng, Yi Li and Qihui Wu
Molecules 2024, 29(21), 5146; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29215146 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 859
Abstract
Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) have attracted wide attention due to their high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur cathode material. However, the poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, the polysulfide shuttle effect, and the slow redox kinetics severely affect their [...] Read more.
Lithium–sulfur batteries (Li-S batteries) have attracted wide attention due to their high theoretical energy density and the low cost of sulfur cathode material. However, the poor conductivity of the sulfur cathode, the polysulfide shuttle effect, and the slow redox kinetics severely affect their cycling performance and Coulombic efficiencies, especially under low-temperature conditions, where these effects are more exacerbated. To address these issues, this study designs and synthesizes a microspherical cobalt molybdate@reduced graphene oxide (CoMoO4@rGO) composite material as the cathode material for Li-S batteries. By growing CoMoO4 nanoparticles on the rGO surface, the composite material not only provides a good conductive network but also significantly enhances the adsorption capacity to polysulfides, effectively suppressing the shuttle effect. After 100 cycles at room temperature with a current density of 1 C, the reversible specific capacity of the battery stabilizes at 805 mAh g−1. Notably, at −20 °C, the S/CoMoO4@rGO composite achieves a reversible specific capacity of 840 mAh g−1. This study demonstrates that the CoMoO4@rGO composite has significant advantages in suppressing polysulfide diffusion and expanding the working temperature range of Li-S batteries, showing great potential for applications in next-generation high-performance Li-S batteries. Full article
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16 pages, 3940 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of Polypyrrole Hollow Nanospheres by Hard-Template Method for Supercapacitor Electrode Material
by Renzhou Hong, Xijun Zhao, Rongyu Lu, Meng You, Xiaofang Chen and Xiaoming Yang
Molecules 2024, 29(10), 2331; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29102331 - 15 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1350
Abstract
Conducting polymers like polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene with nanostructures offers several advantages, such as high conductivity, a conjugated structure, and a large surface area, making them highly desirable for energy storage applications. However, the direct synthesis of conducting polymers with nanostructures poses a [...] Read more.
Conducting polymers like polypyrrole, polyaniline, and polythiophene with nanostructures offers several advantages, such as high conductivity, a conjugated structure, and a large surface area, making them highly desirable for energy storage applications. However, the direct synthesis of conducting polymers with nanostructures poses a challenge. In this study, we employed a hard template method to fabricate polystyrene@polypyrrole (PS@PPy) core–shell nanoparticles. It is important to note that PS itself is a nonconductive material that hinders electron and ion transport, compromising the desired electrochemical properties. To overcome this limitation, the PS cores were removed using organic solvents to create hollow PPy nanospheres. We investigated six different organic solvents (cyclohexane, toluene, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, acetone, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)) for etching the PS cores. The resulting hollow PPy nanospheres showed various nanostructures, including intact, hollow, buckling, and collapsed structures, depending on the thickness of the PPy shell and the organic solvent used. PPy nanospheres synthesized with DMF demonstrated superior electrochemical properties compared to those prepared with other solvents, attributed to their highly effective PS removal efficiency, increased specific surface area, and improved charge transport efficiency. The specific capacitances of PPy nanospheres treated with DMF were as high as 350 F/g at 1 A/g. And the corresponding symmetric supercapacitor demonstrated a maximum energy density of 40 Wh/kg at a power density of 490 W/kg. These findings provide new insights into the synthesis method and energy storage mechanisms of PPy nanoparticles. Full article
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