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Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications of Pyrazole-Type Compounds III

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Organic Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2025 | Viewed by 4853

Special Issue Editors


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LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: organic synthesis; development of sustainable organic synthesis methodologies; ohmic-heating-assisted synthesis; synthesis, functionalization and structural characterization of oxygen- and nitrogen-based heterocyclic compounds; development of molecules for medicinal applications
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pyrazoles continue to attract the interest of chemists worldwide, and to generate new chemistry, due to their remarkable biological activities and occurrence in many low-molecular-weight compounds present in several marketed drugs (e.g., Celebrex® and Viagra®). Pyrazoles are also found within a variety of agrochemicals (fungicides, insecticides, and herbicides) and are versatile scaffolds for synthetic manipulations. Due to their huge importance, this third edition of the Special Issue “Recent Advances in the Synthesis, Functionalization and Applications of Pyrazole-Type Compounds” aims to highlight the most recent advances in the chemistry of pyrazole derivatives. Owing to the success of the two previous editions of this Special Issue (the last one ranked in the top ten Special Issues that collected the most papers in 2022), this third edition aims to cover a broad range of important topics of the chemistry of these nitrogen heterocyclic compounds.

We welcome the submission of original research articles and reviews that discuss new reactivity patterns, the synthesis of pyrazoles with additional fused rings, new methods for pyrazole transformation, pyrazole metal complexes, aspects of medicinal chemistry incorporating the pyrazole system, and other important features of pyrazoles’ chemistry.

Dr. Vera L. M. Silva
Prof. Dr. Artur M. S. Silva
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • pyrazoles
  • pyrazolines
  • synthesis
  • functionalization
  • transformation
  • complexes
  • applications

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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26 pages, 4252 KiB  
Article
Synthesis and Characterization of New Pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazole Derivatives as 3-Hydroxyflavone Analogues
by Arminas Urbonavičius, Sonata Krikštolaitytė, Aurimas Bieliauskas, Vytas Martynaitis, Joana Solovjova, Asta Žukauskaitė, Eglė Arbačiauskienė and Algirdas Šačkus
Molecules 2023, 28(18), 6599; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28186599 - 13 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1844
Abstract
In this paper, an efficient synthetic route from pyrazole-chalcones to novel 6-aryl-5-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones as 3-hydroxyflavone analogues is described. The methylation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with methyl iodide in the presence of a base yielded a compound containing a [...] Read more.
In this paper, an efficient synthetic route from pyrazole-chalcones to novel 6-aryl-5-hydroxy-2-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-ones as 3-hydroxyflavone analogues is described. The methylation of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with methyl iodide in the presence of a base yielded a compound containing a 5-methoxy group, while the analogous reaction of 5-hydroxy-2-phenyl-6-(pyridin-4-yl)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one led to the zwitterionic 6-(N-methylpyridinium)pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol derivative. The treatment of 5-hydroxy-2,6-phenylpyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-4(2H)-one with triflic anhydride afforded a 5-trifloylsubstituted compound, which was further used in carbon–carbon bond forming Pd-catalyzed coupling reactions to yield 5-(hetero)aryl- and 5-carbo-functionalized pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles. The excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) reaction of 5-hydroxypyrano[2,3-c]pyrazoles from the 5-hydroxy moiety to the carbonyl group in polar protic, polar aprotic, and nonpolar solvents was observed, resulting in well-resolved two-band fluorescence. The structures of the novel heterocyclic compounds were confirmed by 1H-, 13C-, 15N-, and 19F-NMR spectroscopy, HRMS, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. Full article
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Review

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39 pages, 23502 KiB  
Review
Fluconazole Analogs and Derivatives: An Overview of Synthesis, Chemical Transformations, and Biological Activity
by Michał Janowski, Oleg M. Demchuk and Monika Wujec
Molecules 2024, 29(12), 2855; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29122855 - 15 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1975
Abstract
Fluconazole (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol), which was patented in 1981 and introduced for commercial use in 1988, is a widely utilized antifungal drug whose mechanism of action involves inhibition of the activity of 14-α lanosterol demethylase. Its safety and effectiveness have established it as [...] Read more.
Fluconazole (2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-1,3-bis(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)propan-2-ol), which was patented in 1981 and introduced for commercial use in 1988, is a widely utilized antifungal drug whose mechanism of action involves inhibition of the activity of 14-α lanosterol demethylase. Its safety and effectiveness have established it as one of the most frequently employed antifungal agents. Resistance to azole antifungal drugs is becoming more common. It may be related to a mutation of the gene encoding the enzyme. To address this issue, molecules with modifications in three main regions of fluconazole, namely the hydroxyl group, the aromatic ring, and the 1,2,4-triazole rings, have been synthesized in an attempt to create more potent antifungal drugs. These modifications aim at enhancing the effectiveness against microorganisms and improving pharmacokinetic parameters and safety profiles of the synthesized compounds. The present review explores the synthesis of fluconazole derivatives, accompanied by insights into the results of biological studies evaluating the therapeutic effects of these compounds. Full article
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