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Molecules
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Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II
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Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Analytical Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2021) | Viewed by 14054

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Martin Danaher

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Principal Research Officer, Head of Residues Laboratory, Food Safety Department, Teagasc Food Research Centre, Ashtown, Dublin 15, Ireland
Interests: chromatographic separations; sample purification; mass spectrometry; biosensors and immunoassays; residue analysis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue highlights recent developments in the field of residue analysis in food and environment. Welcome submissions should include well-validated analytical methods with demonstrated improvements over existing methods and/or application to novel compounds. Submissions will be accepted across fields including screening methods (e.g., immunochemical assays), sensors, chromatographic methods, molecular spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Manuscripts reporting the fate of residues in food and environment, e.g., persistency, metabolic and processing studies, will also be welcomed.

In order to give an update of recent progresses in technique improvements and new applications, you are kindly invited to submit your original articles or reviews of your work.

Dr. Martin Danaher
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • veterinary drugs
  • hormones and growth promotors
  • pesticides
  • agrochemicals
  • heavy metals
  • residue analysis
  • environment
  • food
  • fruit
  • vegetables
  • crops
  • milk
  • animal tissues
  • biological fluids
  • soil
  • water

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 844 KiB  
Article
Validated Simultaneous Gradient Ultra-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Quantification of Some Proton Pump Inhibitor Drug Residues in Saudi Pharmaceutical Industrial Wastewater
by Sherif A. Abdel-Gawad, Hany H. Arab and Alhumaidi B. Alabbas
Molecules 2021, 26(14), 4358; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144358 - 19 Jul 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2087
Abstract
Monitoring and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment constitute important and challenging tasks, as they are directly associated with human health. Three commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), namely, omeprazole sodium (OMP), pantoprazole sodium (PNT), and lansoprazole sodium (LNZ) are [...] Read more.
Monitoring and quantification of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) in the environment constitute important and challenging tasks, as they are directly associated with human health. Three commonly used proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), namely, omeprazole sodium (OMP), pantoprazole sodium (PNT), and lansoprazole sodium (LNZ) are well separated and quantified using ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) in pharmaceutical industrial wastewater. The separation of the studied drugs was performed on a stationary phase with a WatersTM column (100 × 2.1 mm, 1.7 µm). The mobile phase was composed of methanol:0.05 M potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer (adjusted to pH 7.5 using NaOH) (50:50, v/v). The elution process was done in gradient mode by changing the relative proportions of the mobile phase components with time to get an optimum separation pattern. The flow rate of the developing system was adjusted to 0.8 mL/minute. Detection of the separated drugs was performed at 230 nm. The studied drugs were quantified in the concentration range of 10–200 ng/mL for all drugs. The cited method was fully validated according to the international conference on harmonization (ICH-Q2B) guidelines, then it was applied successfully for quantification of the studied PPIs in real wastewater samples after their solid phase extraction (SPE). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II)
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20 pages, 341 KiB  
Article
Development, Validation and Application of an ICP-SFMS Method for the Determination of Metals in Protein Powder Samples, Sourced in Ireland, with Risk Assessment for Irish Consumers
by Gavin Ring, Aisling Sheehan, Mary Lehane and Ambrose Furey
Molecules 2021, 26(14), 4347; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26144347 - 18 Jul 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3498
Abstract
A method has been developed, optimised and validated to analyse protein powder supplements on an inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometer (ICP-SFMS), with reference to ICH Guideline Q2 Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. This method was used in the assessment of [...] Read more.
A method has been developed, optimised and validated to analyse protein powder supplements on an inductively coupled plasma-sector field mass spectrometer (ICP-SFMS), with reference to ICH Guideline Q2 Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text and Methodology. This method was used in the assessment of twenty-one (n = 21) elements (Al, Au, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Pb, Pt, Sn, Ti, Tl, V) to evaluate the safety of thirty-six (n = 36) protein powder samples that were commercially available in the Irish marketplace in 2016/2017. Using the determined concentrations of elements in samples (µg·kg−1), a human health risk assessment was carried out to evaluate the potential carcinogenic and other risks to consumers of these products. While the concentrations of potentially toxic elements were found to be at acceptable levels, the results suggest that excessive and prolonged use of some of these products may place consumers at a slightly elevated risk for developing cancer or other negative health impacts throughout their lifetimes. Thus, the excessive use of these products is to be cautioned, and consumers are encouraged to follow manufacturer serving recommendations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II)
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Graphical abstract

16 pages, 3192 KiB  
Article
Confirmatory Analysis of Per and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Milk and Infant Formula Using UHPLC–MS/MS
by Ovokeroye A. Abafe, Linda R. Macheka and Joshua O. Olowoyo
Molecules 2021, 26(12), 3664; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26123664 - 16 Jun 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 3234
Abstract
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the sensitive determination and unambiguous confirmation of residues of per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in breastmilk, retail milk and infant formulas following two sample preparation methods. Sample pre-treatment [...] Read more.
An ultra-high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed and validated for the sensitive determination and unambiguous confirmation of residues of per and polyfluorinated alkyl substances (PFAS) in breastmilk, retail milk and infant formulas following two sample preparation methods. Sample pre-treatment was carried out by a simplified QuEChERS method without requiring dSPE or any further clean-up. The method was validated in accordance with the requirements of Commission Decision 657/2002/EC with slight modifications. The method displayed good linearity with R2 ranging from 0.9843–0.9998 for all target PFAS. The recovery and within-laboratory reproducibility of the method (n = 63) were in the range 60–121% and 5–28%, respectively. The decision limit, detection capability and limit of quantitation ranged from 30–60 ng kg−1 to 40–100 ng kg−1 and 5–50 ng kg−1, respectively. Acceptable matrix effect values in the range −45–29% were obtained with uncertainty of measurement lower than 25% for all target PFAS. The method displays its suitability for the sensitive and high-throughput confirmatory analysis of C4–C14 PFAS in breastmilk, dairy milk and infant formulas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II)
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16 pages, 996 KiB  
Article
Development of One-Step Non-Solvent Extraction and Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Assessment of N-(n-Butyl) Thiophosphoric Triamide (NBPT) and N-(n-Butyl) Phosphoric Triamide (NBPTo) in Milk
by Chikere G. Nkwonta, Macdara O’Neill, Niharika Rahman, Mary Moloney, Patrick J. Forrestal, Sean A. Hogan, Karl G. Richards, Enda Cummins and Martin Danaher
Molecules 2021, 26(10), 2890; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26102890 - 13 May 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 4384
Abstract
N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is a urease inhibitor utilised in urea-based fertilizers. In Ireland, fertilizer treated with NBPT is applied to pasture to mitigate both ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, but concerns arise as to the potential for residues in milk products. A [...] Read more.
N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT) is a urease inhibitor utilised in urea-based fertilizers. In Ireland, fertilizer treated with NBPT is applied to pasture to mitigate both ammonia and nitrous oxide emissions, but concerns arise as to the potential for residues in milk products. A quick ultrafiltration extraction and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry triple quadrupole (UHPLC-MS/MS) quantitation method was developed and validated in this study. The method was applied in the analysis of samples collected from a field study investigating potential transfer of NBPT residues into milk. NBPT and NBPTo residues, were extracted from fortified milk samples and analysed on a UHPLC-MS/MS with recoveries ranging from 74 to 114%. Validation of the UHPLC-MS/MS method at low (0.0020 mg kg−1) and high (0.0250 mg kg−1) concentration levels in line with SANTE/12682/2019 showed overall trueness in the range of 99 to 104% and precision between 1 and 10%, RSD for both compounds. The limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 0.0020 mg kg−1 and other tested parameters (linearity, sensitivity, specificity, matrix effect, robustness, etc.) satisfied acceptance criteria. Stability assessment using spiked samples revealed the compounds were stable in raw and pasteurised milk for 4 weeks at –80 °C storage temperature. Maintaining samples at pH 8.5–9.0 further improved stability. Analysis of 516 milk samples from the field study found that NBPT and NBPTo concentrations were below the LOQ of 0.0020 mg kg−1, thus suggesting very low risk of residues occurring in the milk. The method developed is quick, robust, and sensitive. The method is deemed fit-for-purpose for the simultaneous determination of NBPT and NBPTo in milk. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis of Residues in Food and Environment II)
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