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Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application
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Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application

A special issue of Molecules (ISSN 1420-3049). This special issue belongs to the section "Natural Products Chemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2019) | Viewed by 12170

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jing Zhao

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao SAR, China
Interests: sustainable utilization of natural resources and quality control of Chinese medicines; study on food and medicine dual purposes Chinese medicines; laboratory standard information management
Prof. Dr. Shaoping Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, University of Macau, Macao, China
Interests: herbal glyco-analysis; quality control methods and standards development of Chinese medicines; study of edible and medicinal mushroom
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Herbal medicine is becoming more and more popular around the world, with the trend of “back to nature”. How carbohydrates contribute to phyto-therapeutic effects is still not clear, though carbohydrates from herbal medicines have a variety of bioactive activities in many cases. In order to improve the research on carbohydrates, the Special Issues, “Polysaccharides: Organic Chemistry, Bioactivity and Analysis, including Those from Medicinal Plants and Fungi” and “Natural Polysaccharides: Chemistry, Bioactivity and Analysis”, were published in Molecules in 2008 and 2012, respectively.

In the last few years, the technologies for studying the structure, chemistry, biosynthesis, and biological functions of carbohydrates and their derivatives have been developed rapidly and have been successfully employed in glycoscience. To present the current status of research in this field, an updated Special Issue, “Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application”, will be published in 2019. This work will improve the multidisciplinary expertise of industry, academia and research institutions and will communicate knowledge on glycoscience and exchange information on basic and applied areas for the development of innovative products of carbohydrates.

Contributions for this issue, both in form of original research and review articles, are welcome. They may cover all aspects of glycoscience, including chemistry, biology and application of herbal carbohydrates.

Assoc. Prof. Jing Zhao
Prof. Shaoping Li
Guest Editors

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Molecules is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Herb medicine
  • Analysis
  • Application
  • Bioassay
  • Biomaterials
  • Carbohydrates
  • Chemistry
  • Chinese medicines
  • Glycobiology
  • Glycomics
  • Pharmacological activity
  • Medicinal plant
  • Mushroom

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 2179 KiB  
Article
The Effect of Hemicellulose and Lignin on Properties of Polysaccharides in Lentinus edodes and Their Antioxidant Evaluation
by Feifei Wu, Xin Jia, Lijun Yin, Yongqiang Cheng, Yuxin Miao and Xiuqing Zhang
Molecules 2019, 24(9), 1834; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24091834 - 13 May 2019
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4239
Abstract
Lentinus edodes, whose polysaccharides possess diverse bioactivities, commonly grows on hardwood sawdust composed of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose. In this study the effect of hemicellulose and lignin on the growth of mycelia, as well as the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from L. [...] Read more.
Lentinus edodes, whose polysaccharides possess diverse bioactivities, commonly grows on hardwood sawdust composed of hemicellulose, lignin and cellulose. In this study the effect of hemicellulose and lignin on the growth of mycelia, as well as the physicochemical properties of polysaccharides from L. edodes mycelia (LEPs) were investigated. The antioxidant properties of LEPs were evaluated through radical scavenging assays in vitro and through the Caenorhabditis elegans model in vivo. The results showed that hemicellulose at a concentration of 4% increased the yield of the mycelia biomass to twice that of the control group. Meanwhile, when cultured with 4.0% hemicellulose, the polysaccharide content of the mycelia was raised by 112.2%. In addition, the appropriate concentration of lignin could stimulate mycelia growth and polysaccharide biosynthesis in L. edodes. Monosaccharide composition analysis showed that a higher content of xylose was found when mycelia were cultured with higher concentrations of hemicellulose. The molecular structure, including the molecular weight distribution and configuration type, was affected by hemicellulose and lignin. Antioxidant assays indicated that LEPs supplemented with hemicellulose and/or lignin possessed higher radical scavenging abilities in vitro and exhibited a thermal resistance effect on C. elegans, implying that the antioxidant effect is potent in vivo. In summary, the addition of hemicellulose and lignin improved the biosynthesis and bioactivity of LEPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application)
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15 pages, 2264 KiB  
Article
Discrimination of Structural and Immunological Features of Polysaccharides from Persimmon Leaves at Different Maturity Stages
by Young-Ran Song, Ah-Ram Han, Tae-Gyu Lim, Ji-Hyun Kang and Hee-Do Hong
Molecules 2019, 24(2), 356; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020356 - 19 Jan 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3449
Abstract
In this study, we investigated changes in the structural and immunological features of polysaccharides (S1-PLE0, S2-PLE0, and S3-PLE0) extracted from persimmon leaves at three different growth stages. Physicochemical analyses revealed that their chemical compositions, molecular weight distributions, and linkage types differed. High-performance size-exclusion [...] Read more.
In this study, we investigated changes in the structural and immunological features of polysaccharides (S1-PLE0, S2-PLE0, and S3-PLE0) extracted from persimmon leaves at three different growth stages. Physicochemical analyses revealed that their chemical compositions, molecular weight distributions, and linkage types differed. High-performance size-exclusion chromatograms showed that the molecular weights of the polysaccharides increased during successive growth stages. In addition, seasonal variation of persimmon leaves affected the sugar compositions and glycosidic linkages in the polysaccharides. S2-PLE0 was composed of comparatively more galactose, arabinose, rhamnose, xylose, and galacturonic acid, showing the presence of β-glucopyranoside linkages. Significant differences also occurred in their immunostimulatory effects on RAW264.7 macrophages, with respect to which their activities could be ordered as S2-PLE0 > S3-PLE0 > S1-PLE0. Evidently, S2-PLE0 showed the greatest immunostimulatory activity by enhancing the phagocytic capacity and promoting nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines secretion through the upregulation of their gene expression in macrophages. These results suggest that differences in the structural features of polysaccharides according to the different maturity of persimmon leaves might impact their immunostimulatory properties. The results also provide a basis for optimizing persimmon leaf cultivation strategies for food and medical uses of the polysaccharides. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application)
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16 pages, 1809 KiB  
Article
Effects of Atmospheric and Room Temperature Plasma (ARTP) Mutagenesis on Physicochemical Characteristics and Immune Activity In Vitro of Hericium erinaceus Polysaccharides
by Lingli Zhu, Di Wu, Henan Zhang, Qiaozhen Li, Zhong Zhang, Yanfang Liu, Shuai Zhou, Wenhan Wang, Zhengpeng Li and Yan Yang
Molecules 2019, 24(2), 262; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24020262 - 11 Jan 2019
Cited by 23 | Viewed by 3981
Abstract
The polysaccharide is the main active substance contained in Hericium erinaceus and is commonly used in the treatment of neurasthenia, tumors, and digestive diseases. Six intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from H. erinaceus fruiting bodies cultivated by ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma) [...] Read more.
The polysaccharide is the main active substance contained in Hericium erinaceus and is commonly used in the treatment of neurasthenia, tumors, and digestive diseases. Six intracellular polysaccharide components were obtained from H. erinaceus fruiting bodies cultivated by ARTP (atmospheric and room temperature plasma) mutagenic strain (321) and the original strain (0605), respectively. This study was designed to investigate the physicochemical characteristics of these polysaccharide components and their potential immunomodulatory activities on RAW264.7 macrophages. The results showed that the yield of fruiting body cultivated by mutated strain increased by 22% and the polysaccharide content improved by 16% compared with the original one owing to ARTP mutagenesis. The molecular weight distribution and the monosaccharide compositions of polysaccharide components from H. erinaceus induced by ARTP mutagenesis were significantly different from that of the original one. The NO, IL-6, IL-10, IL-1β, and TNF-α production activities of macrophages were enhanced by stimulation of 20% ethanol precipitated polysaccharides from H. erinaceus induced by ARTP mutagenesis. These results indicated that ARTP is an efficient and practical method for high polysaccharide content breeding of the H. erinaceus strain and this provided a reference for obtaining high quality resources and healthy product development from H. erinaceus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Herbal Carbohydrates: Chemistry, Biology and Application)
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