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Nanomaterials
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Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids
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Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Synthesis, Interfaces and Nanostructures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 February 2024) | Viewed by 8829

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. S. M. Sohel Murshed

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Tecnico, University of Lisbon, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal
Interests: nanofluids; nanomaterials; microfluidics; nanofluidics; cooling and energy technologies; thermophysical properties and thermal transport
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanofluids are currently a popular research field. Despite its coining about 30 years ago and extensive research has been performed since then, the progress toward its real-world applications has not yet been achieved due to some serious challenges such as inconsistencies in results, stability, sustainable applications and compatibility in many conventional systems or devices. Although most research efforts have been focused on thermophysical properties of nanofluids and most of the research has demonstrated significant enhancement in these properties, there remains a large volume of scattered and inconsistent data resulting in not being able to reach unanimous conclusions on the enhancement and its underlying mechanisms. The main challenge with nanofluids is to obtain sustainable stability and persistent properties over a long duration. These challenges need to be overcome in order to explore their applications and benefits.  Besides thermal properties, thermal transport features such as convection and boiling heat transfer are of great importance as they showed substantial enhancements and fewer inconsistencies among reported data. These thermal features are key for establishing nanofluids as advanced cooling media. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to cover a wide range of topics related to nanofluids with a special focus on key thermal properties and features, challenges, and applications in all spectra to make it a useful resource for anyone studying and or doing research in this field.

Articles to be considered for this Special Issue include original full papers, communications, and critical reviews in any area/topic of the keywords and beyond.

Prof. Dr. S. M. Sohel Murshed
Guest Editor

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanofluids
  • hybrid nanofluids
  • ionanocolloids
  • nanoPCM
  • thermal properties
  • natural convection heat transfer
  • forced convection heat transfer
  • boiling heat transfer features
  • nanofluids thermal managements
  • nanofluids applications

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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18 pages, 2064 KiB  
Article
Thermal Conduction in Hybrid Nanofluids and Aggregates
by Eugene D. Skouras, Nikolaos P. Karagiannakis and Vasilis N. Burganos
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14030282 - 30 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1104
Abstract
Hybrid nanofluids contain more than one type of nanoparticle and have shown improved thermofluidic properties compared to more conventional ones that contain a single nanocomponent. Such hybrid systems have been introduced to improve further the thermal and mass transport properties of nanoparticulate systems [...] Read more.
Hybrid nanofluids contain more than one type of nanoparticle and have shown improved thermofluidic properties compared to more conventional ones that contain a single nanocomponent. Such hybrid systems have been introduced to improve further the thermal and mass transport properties of nanoparticulate systems that affect a multitude of applications. The impact of a second particle type on the effective thermal conductivity of nanofluids is investigated here using the reconstruction of particle configurations and prediction of thermal efficiency with meshless methods, placing emphasis on the role of particle aggregation. An algorithm to obtain particle clusters of the core–shell type is presented as an alternative to random mixing. The method offers rapid, controlled reconstruction of clustered systems with tailored properties, such as the fractal dimension, the average number of particles per aggregate, and the distribution of distinct particle types within the aggregates. The nanoparticle dispersion conditions are found to have a major impact on the thermal properties of hybrid nanofluids. Specifically, the spatial distribution of the two particle types within the aggregates and the shape of the aggregates, as described by their fractal dimension, are shown to affect strongly the conductivity of the nanofluid even at low volume fractions. Cluster configurations made up of a high-conducting core and a low-conducting shell were found to be advantageous for conduction. Low fractal dimension aggregates favored the creation of long continuous pathways across the nanofluid and increased conductivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids)
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21 pages, 3110 KiB  
Article
Studies on the Functional Properties of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Distributed in Silyl–Alkyl Bridged Polyaniline-Based Nanofluids
by Chandravadhana Arumugam, Nandakumar Velu, Padmanaban Radhakrishnan, Vellaisamy A. L. Roy, Gopalan Anantha-Iyengar, Dong-Eun Lee and Venkatramanan Kannan
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(16), 2332; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13162332 - 14 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1304
Abstract
In the present work, a new kind of nanocomposite (NC)-based solid component was prepared for formulating nanofluids (NFs). The NC comprised metal oxide (titanium dioxide, TiO2) dispersed in a conducting polymer with polyaniline (PANI) and chemically linked silyl–alkyl units in it [...] Read more.
In the present work, a new kind of nanocomposite (NC)-based solid component was prepared for formulating nanofluids (NFs). The NC comprised metal oxide (titanium dioxide, TiO2) dispersed in a conducting polymer with polyaniline (PANI) and chemically linked silyl–alkyl units in it (PSA) that were designated as T-PSA NC. The NFs with ethylene glycol (EG) as a base fluid were prepared with T-PSA NCs with various compositions of TiO2 and PSA as well for various concentrations of T-PSA NCs. The scanning electron microscopic evaluation of the NC revealed that PSA deposition on TiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) decreased particle agglomeration. The PSA coating on the TiO2 NPs did not influence the crystalline structure of the TiO2 NPs, according to the X-ray diffraction patterns. The thermophysical characterization and molecular interaction features of the NFs at 303 K including a novel inorganic–organic T-PSA NC, were detailed. Furthermore, the stability of the T-PSA NC-based NFs was investigated experimentally using the zeta potential, and the particle size distribution change was analyzed using the dynamic light scattering (DLS) method. The T-PSA NCs had particle sizes that were significantly bigger than pristine PSA and pure TiO2. Most of the preparation conditions used to produce the T-PSA NCs resulted in moderately stable suspensions in EG. The results revealed that the ultrasonic velocity increased with the increase in the concentration of T-PSA NC mass % in the NFs, the refractive index and thermal conductivity increased with the increase in the concentration, and the surface tension exhibited a linear change when the ratio of mass % concentration of the T-PSA NCs increased. The combined presence of components that synergistically contribute to the electro, thermal, optical, and rheological properties is expected to attract advanced applications for NFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids)
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18 pages, 2994 KiB  
Article
Flow Boiling Heat Transfer; Experimental Study of Hydrocarbon Based Nanorefrigerant in a Vertical Tube
by Marta Hernaiz, Iker Elexpe, Estibaliz Aranzabe and Andrés T. Aguayo
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(15), 2230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13152230 - 1 Aug 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1531
Abstract
Flow boiling is a complex process but very efficient for thermal management in different sectors; enhancing flow boiling heat transfer properties is a research field of great interest. This study proposes the use of various nanomaterials, carbon-based materials, and metal oxides; in n-pentane [...] Read more.
Flow boiling is a complex process but very efficient for thermal management in different sectors; enhancing flow boiling heat transfer properties is a research field of great interest. This study proposes the use of various nanomaterials, carbon-based materials, and metal oxides; in n-pentane as a hydrocarbon-based refrigerant to enhance the flow boiling heat transfer coefficient. This thermal property has been experimentally evaluated using a vertical evaporation device of glass with an internal diameter of 20 mm. The results have shown that proposed nanomaterials dispersion in n-pentane has a limited effect on the thermophysical properties and is conditioned by their dispersibility but promotes a significant increment of pentane heat transfer coefficient (h), increasing the overall heat transfer coefficient (U) of the evaporator. The enhanced heat transfer performance is attributed to the behavior of nanoparticles under working conditions and their interaction with the working surface, promoting a higher generation of nucleation sites. The observed behavior suggests a heat transfer mechanism transition from forced convection to nucleate heat transfer, supported by visual observations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids)
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16 pages, 5697 KiB  
Article
Stability and Thermophysical Properties of GNP-Fe2O3 Hybrid Nanofluid: Effect of Volume Fraction and Temperature
by Adeola Borode, Thato Tshephe, Peter Olubambi, Mohsen Sharifpur and Josua Meyer
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(7), 1238; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13071238 - 31 Mar 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 2056
Abstract
The study focused on the impact of concentration and temperature on the electrical conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of GNP/Fe2O3 hybrid nanofluids. The study found that nanofluids have better electrical conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity than water. The electrical conductivity [...] Read more.
The study focused on the impact of concentration and temperature on the electrical conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity of GNP/Fe2O3 hybrid nanofluids. The study found that nanofluids have better electrical conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity than water. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity increase linearly with concentration for a constant temperature. However, the nanofluid’s viscosity increases with the addition of the hybrid nanoparticles and decreases as the temperature increases. Furthermore, the study shows that the thermal conductivity of the nanofluid is enhanced with increased addition of hybrid nanoparticles in the base fluid and that the thermal conductivity ratio increases with increased addition of nanoparticles. Overall, the results suggest that GNP/Fe2O3 hybrid nanofluids could be used in various industrial applications to improve the heat transfer and energy efficiency of systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids)
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12 pages, 2832 KiB  
Article
Pool Boiling Heat Transfer Characteristics of New and Recycled Alumina Nanofluids
by Wagd Ajeeb and S. M. Sohel Murshed
Nanomaterials 2023, 13(6), 1040; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano13061040 - 14 Mar 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2055
Abstract
This paper reports an experimental investigation of the heat transfer features of new and recycled Alumina (Al2O3) nanofluids (NFs) in the pool boiling (PB) system. The mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and distilled water (DW) is selected as the [...] Read more.
This paper reports an experimental investigation of the heat transfer features of new and recycled Alumina (Al2O3) nanofluids (NFs) in the pool boiling (PB) system. The mixture of ethylene glycol (EG) and distilled water (DW) is selected as the base fluid (BF), and NFs samples of two low concentrations (0.01 and 0.05 vol.%) of Al2O3 nanoparticles were prepared. Furthermore, the characteristics of the prepared NFs are evaluated to investigate the heat transfer performance as well as the reusability of the NFs for long-term applications and recycling consideration. Although there have been a large number of boiling studies with NFs, the current study is the first of its kind that addresses the mentioned operation conditions of recycling NF samples. The results are compared with the relevant BF in terms of properties, critical heat flux (CHF), burnout heat flux (BHF), and the convection coefficient of the Al2O3 NFs in the PB system. The results showed good enhancements in both CHF and BHF of these NFs yielding up to 60% and 54% for BHF at 0.05 vol.%, respectively. The reusage of the previously used (recycled) Al2O3 NF showed a considerable increase in heat transfer performance compared to base fluids but slightly lower than the newly prepared one. The results of the reused nanofluids demonstrate the great prospects of their recyclability in heat transfer systems and processes such as in pool boiling. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thermal Properties and Features of Nanofluids)
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