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Nanomaterials
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Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants
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Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy and Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2021) | Viewed by 16554

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Luminiţa Andronic

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Product Design and Environment, Department of Product Design, Mechatronics and Environment, Transilvania University of Brasov, Eroilor 29, 500036 Brasov, Romania
Interests: environmental engineering; optoelectronic materials; nanomaterials; ceramics; chemical synthesis of nanoparticles; advanced oxidation processes; photocatalysis; water and wastewater treatment; nanomaterials toxicity; life cycle assessment
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Smagul Karazhanov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Solar Energy Department, Institute for Energy Technology, P.O Box 40, NO 2027 Kjeller, Norway
Interests: materials science; modelling of materials by first-principles calculations; synthesis of nanomaterials; smart windows; solar cells; photocatalysis; photoelectrochemical cells
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Vitor J. P. Vilar

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Associate Laboratory LSRE-LCM (Laboratory of Separation and Reaction Engineering - Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials), Faculty of Engineering University of Porto, R. Dr. Roberto Frias s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
Interests: environmental assessment and monitoring of surface waters; environmental friendly technologies for pollution control; advanced oxidation processes; electrochemical advanced oxidation processes, ozonation, membrane filtration, sorption/biosorption, biological degradation, process integration and intensification; water/waste reuse, recycling and valorisation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleageus,

The MDPI journal Nanomaterials welcomes contributions to the Special Issue entitled "Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology to Detect, Identify and Remove Contaminants". The main objective of this Special Issue is to publish outstanding papers presenting the latest research in the field of nanomaterials and nanotechnology and their applications in the detection, identification, and removal of contaminants in soil, water, wastewater, and air.

The Special Issue aims at collecting perspectives, review articles, and technical papers on topics that include, but are not limited to:

  • Advanced nanomaterials in the context of a clean environment;
  • Synthesis and characterization of novel nanomaterials to detect, identify, and remove pollutants from solids, liquids, and air;
  • Theoretical study of nanomaterials;
  • Toxicity of nanomaterials;
  • Safe and sustainable use of nanomaterials in any environmental remediation applications;
  • Exposure assessment and life cycle analysis;

Prof. Dr. Luminiţa Andronic
Dr. Smagul Karazhanov
Dr. Vitor Vilar
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nanomaterials
  • nanotechnology
  • materials for the detection and identification of pollutants
  • materials for environmental remediation
  • soil, water, wastewater, and air treatment
  • nanoparticles toxicity
  • life cycle assessment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 3714 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Characterisation, Photocatalytic Activity, and Aquatic Toxicity Evaluation of TiO2 Nanoparticles
by Luminita Andronic, Alina Vladescu and Alexandru Enesca
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(12), 3197; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11123197 - 25 Nov 2021
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2376
Abstract
Imidacloprid (IMD) is a toxic pesticide, and is one of the eight most widely used pesticides globally. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has often been investigated in recent years and can be successfully applied to remove imidacloprid from water. However, less investigated is the toxic effect [...] Read more.
Imidacloprid (IMD) is a toxic pesticide, and is one of the eight most widely used pesticides globally. Heterogeneous photocatalysis has often been investigated in recent years and can be successfully applied to remove imidacloprid from water. However, less investigated is the toxic effect of both the photocatalyst and the pesticide on aquatic life. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) remains the most effective photocatalyst, provided it is not toxic to the aquatic environment. This study investigated the TiO2 synthesis, characterisation, and photocatalytic activity on imidacloprid degradation and the toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles and imidacloprid on the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. In the photodegradation process of IMD (initial concentration of 20 mg/L), electrons play an essential role; the degradation efficiency of IMD after 6 h increased from 69 to 90% under UV irradiation when holes (h+) scavengers were added, which allowed the electrons to react with the pollutant, resulting in lowering the recombination rate of electron-hole charge carriers. Growth inhibition of Chlorella vulgaris and effective concentration (EC50) were determined to study the toxic effect of TiO2 nanoparticles and imidacloprid. The EC50 increased from 289.338 mg/L in the first 24 h to 1126.75 mg/L after 96 h Chlorella vulgaris algal age, when the toxicant was TiO2. When IMD was the aquatic toxicant, a decrease in EC50 was observed from 22.8 mg/L (24 h) to 0.00777 mg/L (120 h), suggesting a long-term high toxicity level when pesticides in low concentrations are present in an aquatic environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants)
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15 pages, 3426 KiB  
Article
Oxidative Degradation of Tetracycline by Magnetite and Persulfate: Performance, Water Matrix Effect, and Reaction Mechanism
by Deokhui Lee, Soyeon Kim, Kai Tang, Michael De Volder and Yuhoon Hwang
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(9), 2292; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11092292 - 3 Sep 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3579
Abstract
This study presents a strategy to remove tetracycline by using magnetite-activated persulfate. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was synthesized at high purity levels—as established via X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 sorption analyses—and tetracycline was degraded within 60 min in [...] Read more.
This study presents a strategy to remove tetracycline by using magnetite-activated persulfate. Magnetite (Fe3O4) was synthesized at high purity levels—as established via X-ray diffractometry, transmission electron microscopy, and N2 sorption analyses—and tetracycline was degraded within 60 min in the presence of both magnetite and persulfate (K2S2O8), while the use of either substance yielded limited degradation efficiency. The effects of magnetite and persulfate dosage, the initial concentration of tetracycline, and the initial pH on the oxidative degradation of tetracycline were interrogated. The results demonstrate that the efficiency of tetracycline removal increased in line with magnetite and persulfate dosage. However, the reaction rate increased only when increasing the magnetite dosage, not the persulfate dosage. This finding indicates that magnetite serves as a catalyst in converting persulfate species into sulfate radicals. Acidic conditions were favorable for tetracycline degradation. Moreover, the effects of using a water matrix were investigated by using wastewater treatment plant effluent. Comparably lower removal efficiencies were obtained in the effluent than in ultrapure water, most likely due to competitive reactions among the organic and inorganic species in the effluent. Increased concentrations of persulfate also enhanced removal efficiency in the effluent. The tetracycline degradation pathway through the magnetite/persulfate system was identified by using a liquid chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometer. Overall, this study demonstrates that heterogeneous Fenton reactions when using a mixture of magnetite and persulfate have a high potential to control micropollutants in wastewater. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants)
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16 pages, 5513 KiB  
Article
ZnO Polymeric Composite Films for n-Decane Removal from Air Streams in a Continuous Flow NETmix Photoreactor under UVA Light
by Crissie D. Zanrosso, Sandra M. Miranda, Batuira M. da Costa Filho, Jonathan C. Espíndola, Diego Piazza, Vítor J. P. Vilar and Marla A. Lansarin
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(8), 1983; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11081983 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2033
Abstract
Polymeric composite films have been explored for many photocatalytic applications, from water treatment to self-cleaning devices. Their properties, namely, thickness and porosity, are controlled mainly by the preparation conditions. However, little has been discussed on the effect of thickness and porosity of polymeric [...] Read more.
Polymeric composite films have been explored for many photocatalytic applications, from water treatment to self-cleaning devices. Their properties, namely, thickness and porosity, are controlled mainly by the preparation conditions. However, little has been discussed on the effect of thickness and porosity of polymeric composite films for photocatalytic processes, especially in gas phase. In the present study, different preparation treatments of ZnO-based polymeric composite films and their effects on its performance and stability were investigated. The polymeric composites were prepared by solution mixing followed by non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS), using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) as the matrix and ZnO-based photocatalysts. Different wet thickness, photocatalyst mass, and treatments (e.g., using or not pore-forming agent and compatibilizer) were assessed. A low ZnO/PVDF ratio and higher wet thickness, together with the use of pore-forming agent and compatibilizer, proved to be a good strategy for increasing photocatalytic efficiency given the low agglomerate formation and high polymer transmittance. Nonetheless, the composites exhibited deactivation after several minutes of exposure. Characterization by XRD, FTIR-ATR, and SEM were carried out to further investigate the polymeric film treatments and stability. ZnO film was most likely deactivated due to zinc carbonate formation intensified by the polymer presence. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants)
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Review

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23 pages, 3577 KiB  
Review
Nanomaterial-Enabled Sensors and Therapeutic Platforms for Reactive Organophosphates
by Seok Ki Choi
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(1), 224; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11010224 - 16 Jan 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3223
Abstract
Unintended exposure to harmful reactive organophosphates (OP), which comprise a group of nerve agents and agricultural pesticides, continues to pose a serious threat to human health and ecosystems due to their toxicity and prolonged stability. This underscores an unmet need for developing technologies [...] Read more.
Unintended exposure to harmful reactive organophosphates (OP), which comprise a group of nerve agents and agricultural pesticides, continues to pose a serious threat to human health and ecosystems due to their toxicity and prolonged stability. This underscores an unmet need for developing technologies that will allow sensitive OP detection, rapid decontamination and effective treatment of OP intoxication. Here, this article aims to review the status and prospect of emerging nanotechnologies and multifunctional nanomaterials that have shown considerable potential in advancing detection methods and treatment modalities. It begins with a brief introduction to OP types and their biochemical basis of toxicity followed by nanomaterial applications in two topical areas of primary interest. One topic relates to nanomaterial-based sensors which are applicable for OP detection and quantitative analysis by electrochemical, fluorescent, luminescent and spectrophotometric methods. The other topic is directed on nanotherapeutic platforms developed as OP remedies, which comprise nanocarriers for antidote drug delivery and nanoscavengers for OP inactivation and decontamination. In summary, this article addresses OP-responsive nanomaterials, their design concepts and growing impact on advancing our capability in the development of OP sensors, decontaminants and therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants)
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Other

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7 pages, 1611 KiB  
Perspective
COVID-19 and Nanoscience in the Developing World: Rapid Detection and Remediation in Wastewater
by Muhammad Adeel, Tahir Farooq, Noman Shakoor, Sunny Ahmar, Sajid Fiaz, Jason C. White, Jorge L. Gardea-Torresdey, Freddy Mora-Poblete and Yukui Rui
Nanomaterials 2021, 11(4), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano11040991 - 12 Apr 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4089
Abstract
Given the known presence of SARS-Cov-2 in wastewater, stemming disease spread in global regions where untreated effluent in the environment is common will experience additional pressure. Though development and preliminary trials of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 have been launched in several countries, rapid [...] Read more.
Given the known presence of SARS-Cov-2 in wastewater, stemming disease spread in global regions where untreated effluent in the environment is common will experience additional pressure. Though development and preliminary trials of a vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 have been launched in several countries, rapid and effective alternative tools for the timely detection and remediation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater, especially in the developing countries, is of paramount importance. Here, we propose a promising, non-invasive technique for early prediction and targeted detection of SARS-CoV-2 to prevent current and future outbreaks. Thus, a combination of nanotechnology with wastewater-based epidemiology and artificial intelligence could be deployed for community-level wastewater virus detection and remediation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology for Detection, Identification and Removal of Contaminants)
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