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Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted...
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Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy

A special issue of Nanomaterials (ISSN 2079-4991). This special issue belongs to the section "Biology and Medicines".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 March 2025 | Viewed by 5723

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Abdul K. Parchur

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Interests: radiation therapy; nanoparticles; MR-linac; proton therapy; cancer therapy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nanotechnology has opened up new horizons in the field of biomedical research, spanning areas such as diagnosis, drug delivery, targeted therapy, and beyond. Nanomaterials, boasting multifaceted characteristics, emerge as prime candidates for biomedical applications. Their key attributes, including increased loading capacity, expanded surface area, the potential for inducing reactive oxygen species, and adaptability for surface functionalization, position them at the forefront of innovation.

Recent studies have demonstrated the high efficacy of nanomaterials in diverse biomedical applications, encompassing bioimaging, biosensing, gene delivery, drug delivery, photothermal therapy, hyperthermia, combination therapy, and concurrent diagnostics and therapy (theranostics). Consequently, this Special Issue aims to delve into the pivotal role of nanomaterials in advancing biomedical research.

This Special Issue of Nanomaterials, titled 'Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research', seeks to assemble original research and review articles that shed light on the synthesis, modification, design, properties, and applications of biomedical nanomaterials in various domains. We cordially invite scientists and engineers from diverse multidisciplinary backgrounds, each with their unique technological expertise, to contribute their work to this Special Issue.

Dr. Abdul K. Parchur
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Nanomaterials is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • drug delivery
  • targeted therapy
  • cancer nanotherapy
  • nanocarriers
  • diagnosis
  • bioimaging
  • biosensing
  • biomedical nanomaterials

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 4451 KiB  
Article
Design of Nanocrystalline Suspension of Dutasteride for Intramuscular Prolonged Delivery
by Min Young Jeong, Doe Myung Shin, Min Kyeong Kwon, Ye Bin Shin, Jun Soo Park, In Gyu Yang, Jin Hyuk Myung, Dong Geon Lee, Gi Yeong Lee, Chae Won Park, Ji Won Yeo, Myoung Jin Ho, Yong Seok Choi and Myung Joo Kang
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(22), 1781; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14221781 - 5 Nov 2024
Viewed by 597
Abstract
The aim of the study is to formulate an injectable nanocrystalline suspension (NS) of dutasteride (DTS), a hydrophobic 5α-reductase inhibitor used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and scalp hair loss, for parenteral long-acting delivery. A DTS-loaded NS (DTS-NS, 40 mg/mL DTS) was prepared [...] Read more.
The aim of the study is to formulate an injectable nanocrystalline suspension (NS) of dutasteride (DTS), a hydrophobic 5α-reductase inhibitor used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia and scalp hair loss, for parenteral long-acting delivery. A DTS-loaded NS (DTS-NS, 40 mg/mL DTS) was prepared using a lab-scale bead-milling technique. The optimized DTS-NS prepared using Tween 80 (0.5% w/v) as a nano-suspending agent, was characterized as follows: rod/rectangular shape; particle size of 324 nm; zeta potential of −11 mV; and decreased drug crystallinity compared with intact drug powder. The DTS-NS exhibited a markedly protracted drug concentration-time profile following intramuscular injection, reaching a maximum concentration after 8.40 days, with an elimination half-life of 9.94 days in rats. Histopathological observations revealed a granulomatous inflammatory response at the injection site 7 days after intramuscular administration, which significantly subsided by day 14 and showed minimal inflammation by day 28. These findings suggest that the nanosuspension system is a promising approach for the sustained release parenteral DTS delivery, with a protracted pharmacokinetic profile and tolerable local inflammation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy)
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13 pages, 1957 KiB  
Article
In Silico Design of Novel EpCAM-Binding Aptamers for Targeted Delivery of RNA Therapeutics
by Julia Driscoll, Piyush Gondaliya, Abbye Ziemer, Irene K. Yan, Yash Gupta and Tushar Patel
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(21), 1727; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14211727 - 29 Oct 2024
Viewed by 640
Abstract
Aptamers are short DNA or RNA sequences that adopt 3D structures and can bind to protein targets with high binding affinity and specificity. Aptamers exhibit excellent tissue penetration, are inexpensive to produce, and can be internalized by cells. Therefore, aptamers are attractive targeting [...] Read more.
Aptamers are short DNA or RNA sequences that adopt 3D structures and can bind to protein targets with high binding affinity and specificity. Aptamers exhibit excellent tissue penetration, are inexpensive to produce, and can be internalized by cells. Therefore, aptamers are attractive targeting ligands to direct the delivery of theranostic agents to the desired cells. Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) is a tumor-associated antigen that is aberrantly overexpressed on many epithelial-derived cancers, including on cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) cells. Its expression on treatment-resistant cancer stem cells, along with its abundance in the CCA tumor microenvironment, highlights the need to develop EpCAM-targeted therapies for CCA. Herein, an in silico approach was used to design and screen DNA aptamers capable of binding to the EpCAM monomer and homodimer. Two aptamers, PLD01 and PLD02, met the selection criteria and were validated in vitro. Both aptamers exhibited high affinity for EpCAM+ CCA cells, with negligible binding to EpCAM- leukemia cells. Modified versions of PLD01 and PLD02 were successfully incorporated into the membranes of milk-derived nanovesicles. PLD01-functionalized nanovesicles enabled EpCAM-targeted delivery of the therapeutic cargo to CCA cells. In summary, these EpCAM-targeting aptamers can be utilized to direct the delivery of theranostic agents to EpCAM-expressing cells. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy)
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20 pages, 9913 KiB  
Article
Microwave-Responsive Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) for Enhanced In Vitro Controlled Release of Doxorubicin
by Syeda Fiza Fatima, Rana Sabouni, Ghaleb Husseini, Vinod Paul, Hassan Gomaa and Remya Radha
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(13), 1081; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14131081 - 24 Jun 2024
Viewed by 1521
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent candidates for a range of applications because of their numerous advantages, such as high surface area, porosity, and thermal and chemical stability. In this study, microwave (MW) irradiation is used as a novel stimulus in vitro controlled release [...] Read more.
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are excellent candidates for a range of applications because of their numerous advantages, such as high surface area, porosity, and thermal and chemical stability. In this study, microwave (MW) irradiation is used as a novel stimulus in vitro controlled release of Doxorubicin (DOX) from two MOFs, namely Fe-BTC and MIL-53(Al), to enhance drug delivery in cancer therapy. DOX was encapsulated into Fe-BTC and MIL-53(Al) with drug-loading efficiencies of up to 67% for Fe-BTC and 40% for MIL-53(Al). Several characterization tests, including XRD, FTIR, TGA, BET, FE-SEM, and EDX, confirmed both MOF samples’ drug-loading and -release mechanisms. Fe-BTC exhibited a substantial improvement in drug-release efficiency (54%) when exposed to microwave irradiation at pH 7.4 for 50 min, whereas 11% was achieved without the external modality. A similar result was observed at pH 5.3; however, in both cases, the release efficiencies were substantially higher with microwave exposure (40%) than without (6%). In contrast, MIL-53(Al) exhibited greater sensitivity to pH, displaying a higher release rate (66%) after 38 min at pH 5.3 compared to 55% after 50 min at pH 7.4 when subjected to microwave irradiation. These results highlight the potential of both MOFs as highly heat-responsive to thermal stimuli. The results of the MTT assay demonstrated the cell viability across different concentrations of the MOFs after two days of incubation. This suggests that MOFs hold promise as potential candidates for tumor targeting. Additionally, the fact that the cells maintained their viability at different durations of microwave exposure confirms that the latter is a safe modality for triggering drug release from MOFs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy)
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20 pages, 2131 KiB  
Article
Intracranial Gene Delivery Mediated by Albumin-Based Nanobubbles and Low-Frequency Ultrasound
by Takayuki Koga, Hiroshi Kida, Yutaro Yamasaki, Loreto B. Feril, Jr., Hitomi Endo, Keiji Itaka, Hiroshi Abe and Katsuro Tachibana
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(3), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14030285 - 30 Jan 2024
Viewed by 2391
Abstract
Research in the field of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for intracranial gene therapy has greatly progressed over the years. However, limitations of conventional HIFU still remain. That is, genes are required to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to reach the neurological [...] Read more.
Research in the field of high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for intracranial gene therapy has greatly progressed over the years. However, limitations of conventional HIFU still remain. That is, genes are required to cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in order to reach the neurological disordered lesion. In this study, we introduce a novel direct intracranial gene delivery method, bypassing the BBB using human serum albumin-based nanobubbles (NBs) injected through a less invasive intrathecal route via lumbar puncture, followed by intracranial irradiation with low-frequency ultrasound (LoFreqUS). Focusing on both plasmid DNA (pDNA) and messenger RNA (mRNA), our approach utilizes LoFreqUS for deeper tissue acoustic penetration and enhancing gene transfer efficiency. This drug delivery method could be dubbed as the “Spinal Back-Door Approach”, an alternative to the “front door” BBB opening method. Experiments showed that NBs effectively responded to LoFreqUS, significantly improving gene transfer in vitro using U-87 MG cell lines. In vivo experiments in mice demonstrated significantly increased gene expression with pDNA; however, we were unable to obtain conclusive results using mRNA. This novel technique, combining albumin-based NBs and LoFreqUS offers a promising, efficient, targeted, and non-invasive solution for central nervous system gene therapy, potentially transforming the treatment landscape for neurological disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Nanotechnology for Biomedical Research: Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and Targeted Therapy)
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